Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"When historical anatomy meets modern neuroimaging: reflections on the bridged central sulcus.","authors":"Francesco Cappello, Alessandro Vercelli","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03192-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03192-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning-related hubs and brain network organization during motor decision-making.","authors":"Leonardo Ariel Cano, Ana Lía Albarracín, Eduardo Fernandez, Fernando Daniel Farfán","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03174-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03174-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor planning emerges from the integration of sensory information, effector selection, and inhibitory control within large-scale cortical networks. Although behavioral asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant hands have been widely reported, the network-level mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether differences in motor planning efficiency reflect distinct patterns of cortical network organization. Seventeen healthy right-handed individuals performed a visually guided hand-selection task while EEG, EMG, and kinematic signals were recorded. Motor planning time was defined as the interval between stimulus onset and the onset of agonist muscle activity. Functional coupling during planning was estimated in the beta band and characterized using graph-theoretical measures of network integration, segregation, and regional hubness. Planning time was significantly longer for dominant-hand movements, yet correlated across hands, indicating partially shared planning processes. Only dominant-hand planning showed systematic relationships between behavior and network organization. Longer planning times were associated with increased global efficiency and clustering, suggesting enhanced integration and local specialization as planning demands increased. Regional analyses revealed a left-lateralized set of temporal, sensorimotor, and parietal functional hubs selectively engaged during dominant-hand planning. In particular, planning time increases with functional coupling between a left parietal and contralateral frontal regions pointed to dynamic interhemispheric coordination. No comparable network-behavior relationships were observed during non-dominant hand planning. These findings demonstrate that motor planning efficiency is constrained by the dynamic reconfiguration of large-scale cortical networks rather than by isolated regional activations. Dominant-hand planning recruits an asymmetric parieto-frontal network whose increasing integration scales with planning demands, consistent with bounded evidence-accumulation frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A conserved pulvinar projection to the amygdala revealed in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta).","authors":"Mary K L Baldwin, Arya Mohanty, Alexander C Cummins, Elisabeth A Murray","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03181-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03181-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexually dimorphic organization of extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) social brain.","authors":"Analía E Castro, Natalia Uriarte, Daniel Zangrando, Francisco J Camacho, Raúl G Paredes, Wendy Portillo, Javier Nogueira","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03177-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03177-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system that shapes neuronal communication, synaptic stability, and plasticity. Among its specialized forms, perineuronal nets (PNN) provide structural support and contribute to the regulation of circuit dynamics. Despite increasing interest in ECM function in the adult brain, its organization across species and sexes remains incompletely understood, particularly in non-traditional rodent models. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a socially monogamous and biparental rodent, offer a valuable framework to explore ECM organization within the social brain. Here, we characterized ECM and PNN organization of social brain areas in sexually naïve adult male and female prairie voles. Using Wisteria floribunda agglutinin labeling and NeuN immunofluorescence, we quantified both ECM density and the number of PNN-positive neurons. ECM labeling revealed a heterogeneous organization, with diffuse components predominating in the olfactory bulb and more defined PNN structures in cortical and limbic regions, with a pronounced and region-specific sexual dimorphism. Males exhibited higher PNN expression or greater number of PNN-positive neurons in nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, and dentate gyrus regions, while females showed higher number of PNN-positive neurons in the anterior and posterior medial preoptic area, as well as increased labeling in hippocampal CA3. These findings reveal a mosaic pattern of ECM organization across the prairie vole brain, suggesting that PNN distribution is tailored to the functional demands of specific circuits. This work establishes a structural framework for understanding how extracellular matrix specializations may contribute to sex-dependent regulation of social and reproductive behaviors in adult mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting big five personality traits from resting-state EEG connectivity: a connectome predictive modeling study.","authors":"Chu Zhang, Yao Liu, Yiting Long, Siyuan Hu, Ming Li, Wenkai Bai, Yiting Li, Can Cui, Can Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03182-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03182-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality traits are stable individual differences linked to important life outcomes including mental health, occupational functioning, and interpersonal relationships, yet their neural bases remain poorly characterized. Prior electroencephalography (EEG) studies have mainly examined isolated features such as spectral power or frontal asymmetry and have yielded mixed results. Building on recent work in connectome based predictive modeling, this study tested whether resting state EEG connectivity can predict Big Five personality traits in a nonclinical student sample. Resting state EEG (eyes open and eyes closed; about five minutes) was recorded from 115 healthy Chinese university students aged 18 to 28 years, who completed a psychometrically validated Chinese version of the Big Five Inventory 2. The exploratory CPM analyses reported here were conducted using eyes-open connectivity matrices derived from amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) and debiased weighted phase lag index (dwPLI) across canonical frequency bands. At the model-specific level, three CPM models yielded modest cross-validated correlations between observed and predicted trait scores: alpha-band AEC for Conscientiousness (r = 0.30, 95% CI [0.12, 0.45]), beta-band AEC for Extraversion (r = 0.25, 95% CI [0.08, 0.42]), and theta-band dwPLI for Neuroticism (r = 0.25, 95% CI [0.05, 0.41]). No association was observed for Agreeableness and only the Neuroticism model met the criterion under the trait-wise FDR framework applied within each trait. These exploratory findings suggest that eyes-open resting-state EEG connectivity may contain modest trait-related information, but the effects require replication in larger, independent samples before mechanistic, applied or translation implications can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive mapping of Neurofibromin (NF1) expression in developing mouse brain.","authors":"Vishal Lolam, Achira Roy","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03173-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03173-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofibromin (NF1) is a critical negative regulator of the RAS-RAF-ERK pathway, mutations in which have been clinically implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the lack of a high-resolution spatiotemporal map has obscured the understanding of why specific cell populations and developmental processes are uniquely vulnerable to NF1 loss. In this study, we present a comprehensive atlas of NF1 expression in the developing mouse brain. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we characterized the spatial distribution of NF1 expression from early embryonic stages through postnatal maturation. We further integrated these findings with reanalysis of single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) datasets from adult mouse brain to achieve higher resolution. Our results reveal a previously undocumented graded expression pattern of NF1 across various brain regions and cell lineages. This comprehensive study will not only help us understand the fundamental role of NF1 in brain development but will also be pivotal in providing a framework for studying NF1-associated brain disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcriptional atlas of gyrification reveals dynamic spatio-temporal gene expression in the developing ferret cortex.","authors":"Mikaela Barresi, Alice Johnstone, Sebastian Quezada, Anita Quigley, Mary Tolcos","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03178-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03178-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gyrification of the cerebral cortex is essential for healthy brain development, and disruptions to this process lead to severe structural and functional abnormalities associated with long-term behavioural and psychiatric consequences. Basal radial glial cells (bRGC), residing in the expanded outer subventricular zone (oSVZ), are thought to drive gyrification. However, the transcriptional programs guiding this process remain poorly defined. We aimed to profile gene expression within the oSVZ of the developing ferret cortex, a species that displays postnatal gyrification, at two key stages of cortical folding, capturing its onset and progression. Discrete regions of the oSVZ were microdissected beneath the coronal gyrus and suprasylvian sulcus at the onset (P5, n = 5) and middle (P15, n = 5) of gyrification in the ferret. We performed RNA sequencing, differential expression analysis with gene ontology and pathway analyses with RT-qPCR validation of candidate genes. The results revealed spatially enriched gene sets associated with progenitor proliferation, self-renewal, and neurogenesis, as well as temporal transcriptional enrichment for axonogenesis and extracellular matrix regulation. RT-qPCR validated spatial and temporal expression differences, confirming consistent trends among some key folding-associated candidate genes. However, some genes (namely SOX9, AJAP1, and SEMA3D) showed inverse expression patterns compared to those detected by RNA-Seq and could not be considered validated. Together, these data define the molecular architecture of gyrification, providing a comprehensive transcriptional atlas of the oSVZ in the developing brain. Our findings advance understanding of how coordinated gene networks shape cortical folding, offering insights into the evolutional expansion of the mammalian brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neocortical pyramidal cells with axon-carrying basal dendrites: a prominent feature regulated by activity.","authors":"David Bietz, Burak Ceylan, Andrea Räk, Ina Köhler, Petra Wahle","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03180-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03180-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axon-carrying dendrites, AcDs, have been reported in hippocampus to be privileged dendrites which can directly feed synaptic inputs into an axonal output bypassing the soma and escaping somatic inhibition. In non-primate neocortex, 15-20% of the pyramidal cells have basal AcDs and comparable proportions occurred in organotypic cortex cultures. How does an axon happen to emerge from a dendrite? Very immature migrating pyramidal neurons have no basal dendrites but already have an axon. Sprouts were seen to emerge from the very proximal portion of axons suggesting that an AcD cell starts out as a 'dendrite-carrying axon' (DcA) cell. Further, the formation of basal AcD was influenced by neuronal activity. Inhibition of GluN2B receptors, overexpression of strongly calcium binding indicator proteins and activity deprivation impaired basal dendritic growth and reduced the proportion of AcD pyramidal neurons. In contrast, perinatal enhancement of glutamatergic network activity with kainate or carbachol via subplate neurons accelerated the appearance of AcD pyramidal neurons. None of the treatments altered the proportion of AcD interneurons. Together, the larvae stage of a cortical AcD pyramidal neuron can well be the DcA configuration, and the formation of basal AcDs was - at least transiently - regulated by neuronal activity, calcium and glutamatergic signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148720037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity.","authors":"Katrina Aberizk, Benson S Ku, Hengyi Cao, Charles H Schleifer, Jean M Addington, Carrie E Bearden, Kristin S Cadenhead, Tyrone D Cannon, Ricardo E Carrión, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H Mathalon, Diana O Perkins, William S Stone, Scott W Woods, Elaine F Walker","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03161-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03161-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present study examines structure-function relationships-specifically, the relation of hippocampal volume with patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity-in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and healthy controls (HCs). Participants at CHR-P and HCs completed clinical symptom measures and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline (n = 388, 42.5% female, age = 19.8 ± 4.2) in the second cohort of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation established a common functional network of temporoparietal effective connectivity in the full sample. Next, supervised (assuming the CHR-P and HC groups represent classes) and unsupervised (data-driven) clustering procedures interrogated effective connectivity parameters relevant to subsamples. Mean difference tests by unsupervised cluster membership determined whether clusters formed based on temporoparietal effective connectivity differed in hippocampal volume. Clusters were also compared on representation of CHR-P and positive and negative symptom totals to determine whether unsupervised clustering recovered clinical features. Unsupervised clustering generated two clusters that differed significantly in right hippocampal volume and attenuated positive and negative symptoms with small-to-medium effect sizes. The cluster demonstrating reduced right hippocampal volume reported greater symptoms. Unsupervised clustering did not recover diagnostic groups. Findings are consistent with literature indicating the transdiagnostic relevance of hippocampal volume to organizational properties of brain functional networks and patterns of temporoparietal connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential glutamate modulation in the anterior mid-cingulate cortex of healthy adults during inhibitory motor control utilizing a novel interleaved baseline control condition: a ¹H fMRS study.","authors":"Jillian M Eichstaedt, John M France, Dalal Khatib, Vaibhav A Diwadkar, Jeffrey A Stanley, Eric Woodcock","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03170-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03170-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Response inhibition, or the ability to suppress \"pre-potent\" behavioral responses, is subserved by both motor and inhibitory control processes and linked to the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC). We utilized an adapted Go/No-Go paradigm combined with proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H fMRS) of the dACC to investigate differences in glutamate level between an All-Go (non-selective motor responding) and Go/No-Go (selective motor responding) condition, both compared to a no-response condition. This allowed disambiguation of the excitatory neurochemistry underlying motor vs. inhibitory control processes. ¹H fMRS (midline dACC; 4.1 cm³) was acquired in 15 participants at 3T during non-selective (response to 100% of trials) vs. selective motor responding epochs [response to 80% of trials (20% inhibition)]. Each motor response mode was conducted as a separate task run (random order) with interleaved epochs matched for visual stimuli (timing and physical size) but without motor responses. Glutamate was quantified across motor responding modes (selective vs. non-selective), motor demands (present vs. absent), and their interaction. dACC glutamate was significantly higher (3.7%) during non-selective motor responding relative to interleaved periods without motor responding. aMCC glutamate was not significantly different during the selective vs. periods of no-response. A task order effect showed higher glutamate among participants who (randomly) completed the non-selective task run first. Non-selective motor responding drove increased aMCC glutamate relative to periods without motor responding whereas the effect was absent for the selective responding mode. Our findings suggest that generalized motor control processes increased aMCC excitatory neuromodulation drive, whereas the additional engagement of inhibitory control processes did not change the excitatory neuromodulation drive.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}