Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Brain connectivity: complex, not chaotic.","authors":"Elena Borra, Derek K Jones, Martin Parent, Laurent Petit, Kathleen S Rockland, R Jarrett Rushmore, Diego Szczupak","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02943-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02943-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"connections\" is a commonly used and convenient shorthand for describing the complex organization of the brain, but it can easily lead to an overemphasis on pairwise or point-to-point, source-target network connectivity. Anatomical studies make clear that there are other important features to consider such as divergence and collateralization (axons or bundles branching to multiple targets), convergence (multiple bundles from different sources converging on the same target), and scrambled topography along a trajectory. This short \"Did You Know\" communication elaborates on several of these features from the anatomical perspective, while inviting continued dialogue with the tractography community in addressing the shared goals of better understanding brain organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-species neuroanatomy in primates using tractography.","authors":"Stamatios N Sotiropoulos, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Suzanne N Haber, Stephanie J Forkel","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02914-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02914-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to their integrative role in brain function, long-range white matter connections exhibit high individual variability, giving rise to personalised brain circuits. This neurovariability is more evident in the connection patterns of brain areas that have evolved more recently. Diffusion MRI tractography allows unique opportunities for comparative neuroanatomy across species to study evolution and provide unique insights into the phylogeny of brain networks, which we overview in this note, inspired by discussions at the International Society for Tractography (IST) retreat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging and immunofluorescence of the Pseudopus apodus brain: unraveling its structural complexity.","authors":"S Jiménez, R Morona, M J Ruiz-Fernández, E Fernández-Valle, D Castejón, M I García-Real, J González-Soriano, N Moreno","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02940-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02940-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study provides an in-depth neuroanatomical characterization of the brain of Pseudopus apodus, combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histological analysis by immunofluorescence. In the telencephalon, the pallial regions showed distinct anatomical features, including a cortical structure, a dorsal ventricular ridge and the spherical nucleus, but prominent layering patterns, observable on histological slides, were not fully resolved by MRI. Subpallial structures, such as the nucleus accumbens and the basal ganglia, were delineated with histological clarity and further supported by MRI. In the hypothalamic and diencephalic regions, the dense and complex cellular composition made precise delineation of individual nuclei difficult by MRI, in contrast to the histological accuracy, however by MRI the identification of the major tracts running through these domains are clearly identifiable. Mesencephalic and rhombencephalic structures, including the optic tectum, isthmic nuclei, cerebellum, and reticular groups, were systematically described using a combination of histological and MRI techniques. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of specific markers, such as Calretinin, ChAT, Isl1, Satb1, Serotonin and Tyrosine Hydroxylase, provided higher resolution of functional sub-regions, allowing precise identification of boundaries and facilitating comprehensive regional mapping, showing complex organizational arrangements, both in rostral regions, such as the dorsal ventricular crest, and in caudal regions, within the tegmental and posterior nuclei of the brain, including the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei. These findings establish a robust neuroanatomical framework for Pseudopus apodus, contributing significantly to the understanding of reptile brain organization and providing valuable insights into the evolutionary adaptations underlying a limbless lizard neuroanatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying athletes and non-athletes by differences in spontaneous brain activity: a machine learning and fMRI study.","authors":"Lei Peng, Lin Xu, Zheyuan Zhang, Zexuan Wang, Xiao Zhong, Letong Wang, Ziyi Peng, Ruiping Xu, Yongcong Shao","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02941-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02941-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different types of sports training can induce distinct changes in brain activity and function; however, it remains unclear if there are commonalities across various sports disciplines. Moreover, the relationship between these brain activity alterations and the duration of sports training requires further investigation. This study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) techniques to analyze spontaneous brain activity using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in 86 highly trained athletes compared to 74 age- and gender-matched non-athletes. Our findings revealed significantly higher ALFF values in the Insula_R (Right Insula), OFCpost_R (Right Posterior orbital gyrus), and OFClat_R (Right Lateral orbital gyrus) in athletes compared to controls, whereas fALFF in the Postcentral_R (Right Postcentral) was notably higher in controls. Additionally, we identified a significant negative correlation between fALFF values in the Postcentral_R of athletes and their years of professional training. Utilizing machine learning algorithms, we achieved accurate classification of brain activity patterns distinguishing athletes from non-athletes with over 96.97% accuracy. These results suggest that the functional reorganization observed in athletes' brains may signify an adaptation to prolonged training, potentially reflecting enhanced processing efficiency. This study emphasizes the importance of examining the impact of long-term sports training on brain function, which could influence cognitive and sensory systems crucial for optimal athletic performance. Furthermore, machine learning methods could be used in the future to select athletes based on differences in brain activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation patterns in male and female forebrain areas during habituation to food and context novelty.","authors":"Zoe R Irving, Eliza M Greiner, Mark Indriolo, Zhe Liu, Gorica D Petrovich","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02927-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02927-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novelty has significant effects on feeding behavior. New foods and unfamiliar environments suppress consumption, and adaptation to novelty is fundamental to survival. Yet, little is known about habituation to eating in a novel environment. The aim of the current study was to determine if context familiarity impacts habituation to novel food and to identify underlying neural substrates. Adult male and female rats were tested for consumption of a novel, palatable food in a novel or familiar environment across four habituation sessions and a final test session. Test-induced Fos expression was measured in amygdalar, thalamic, prefrontal, and hippocampal regions known to be recruited during the first exposure to novelty. Rats in the novel context ate less compared to rats in the familiar context during each habituation session and test, and females ate less than males during the first session. Habituation to eating in the novel context robustly induced Fos in the majority of regions analyzed, including the central, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei of the amygdala, thalamic paraventricular and reuniens nuclei, and the hippocampal field CA1. Females had overall higher Fos induction in most regions analyzed and higher in the novel condition in the reuniens nucleus. Bivariate correlation analyses of Fos induction between regions found a large number of correlations in the novel context condition. Females tested in the novel context had uniquely large number of correlations between all regions analyzed, except for one thalamic subregion. These results suggest that novelty from context remains relevant late in habituation and recruits a distinct and more interactive network in females than in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex underlying the association between self-control and delay discounting.","authors":"Wenzhuo Gong, Hengyue Zhao, Zhuoran Wei, Tingyong Feng, Pan Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02936-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02936-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delay discounting is the tendency for people to devalue future rewards as the time required to obtain them increases over time. Self-control is the ability to regulate behavior, emotions and cognition to achieve goals or adhere to social norms despite temptations, impulses or distractions. Previous studies have found that self-control was negatively correlated with delay discounting. However, the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between self-control and delay discounting remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the neural basis of the relationship between self-control and delay discounting using voxel-based morphometry(VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity analysis(RSFC). The behavioral results demonstrated a negative correlation between delay discounting and self-control. Furthermore, the voxel-based morphometry results showed a positive correlation between self-control and gray matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(dlPFC). Moreover, self-control was positively correlated with functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. More importantly, the association between self-control and delay discounting was shown to be partially mediated by the functional connectivity between the dlPFC and mPFC. These findings suggested that dlPFC-mPFC functional connectivity could be the neural basis underlying the association between self-control and delay discounting, which provided novel insights into how self-control affected delay discounting and offered new explanations from a neural perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Katrin Amunts.","authors":"Katrin Amunts","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02929-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02929-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixel-based evidence for preserved white matter asymmetry in human situs inversus totalis.","authors":"Emma M Karlsson, Helena Verhelst, Guy Vingerhoets","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02931-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02931-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Situs inversus totalis (SIT), a rare condition involving the complete reversal of thoracic and abdominal organ placement, provides a unique model for investigating potential relationships between visceral and cerebral asymmetries. In this study, we examined whether white matter asymmetries are altered in a group of 21 SIT participants compared with 21 matched situs solitus (SO) controls. This sample represents the largest cohort of SIT individuals studied to date. Using fixel-based analysis, an advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging framework, we compared micro- and macrostructural white matter asymmetries across the whole brain between the two groups, specifically assessing fiber density and cross-section (FDC). Both groups showed extensive yet comparable patterns of white matter asymmetry, with no significant group differences. These asymmetry patterns were consistent with those reported in previous fixel-based studies. These results suggest that white matter lateralization is preserved despite complete visceral reversal. The observed divergence between brain and visceral asymmetry patterns suggests that symmetry breaking in visceral laterality relies on distinct mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic inferior olive activation in a cognitive task: an fMRI study.","authors":"Annakarina Mundorf, Laura C Rice, Jutta Peterburs, John E Desmond","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02933-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02933-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inferior olive provides powerful inputs to the cerebellum hypothesized to support cerebellar learning and error detection. Given cerebellar involvement in verbal working memory and the close interplay with the inferior olive, the inferior olive is likely also involved in verbal working memory. In order to elucidate the inferior olive's role in verbal working memory, we utilized an MRI-based Sternberg verbal working memory task which involved learning novel vs repeated sequences. As hypothesized, inferior olive activation was stronger during encoding and retrieval compared to maintenance, especially for novel compared to repeated sequences, indicative of diminished inferior olive activity with stimulus repetition. Results also revealed differential inferior olive activation during retrieval, with increased activation on matching probes for novel and on non-matching probes for repeated sequences. This underlines the crucial role of the inferior olive in novel information encoding and error feedback, and that conditions triggering strong inferior olive responses can change as a function of novelty.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant cerebral activity in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm: a resting-state functional MRI study.","authors":"Wei Li, Weijie Fan, Si Zhang, Haiyu Zhang, Dong Zhang, Li Wen","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02934-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02934-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients carrying unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) often experience emotional alterations and cognitive impairments. While the specific mechanisms underlying these impairments are still not fully understood. The study measured the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) to investigate the abnormal brain functional alterations in 49 UIA patients compared with 50 healthy controls, and also analyzed the correlations among neuroimaging indices, the clinical data, and the neuropsychological test results. UIA patients exhibited more active brain region activity in the right hippocampus than the healthy group and showed negatively activated brain regions, including the cuneus, left paracentral lobule, and right postcentral gyrus. Furthermore, the strength of FC decreased in the bilateral middle cingulate gyrus; right superior temporal gyrus and insula; and left parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. The abnormal activities in the aforementioned brain regions were closely linked to worse performance in emotion and cognition. The study presents a potential neuroimaging-based mechanism of brain function that could explain the emotional alterations and cognitive impairments in UIA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}