Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Neuronal substrates of motor impairment after subcortical ischemic stroke: a functional neuroimaging meta-analysis.","authors":"Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02944-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02944-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional neuroimaging studies have been conducted to investigate the neural correlates of motor-related activity after subcortical ischemic stroke (SIS). However, the specific neural substrates underlying these motor-related changes remain inadequately understood. This meta-analytic study quantitatively synthesized data from 12 functional neuroimaging studies to examine alterations in neural activity related to motor function after SIS. The analysis included 135 patients with SIS and 148 healthy controls, with ages ranging from 27 to 83 years (33% female). Compared with healthy controls, patients with SIS exhibited: (1) hyperactivity in the bilateral precentral gyri (M1), postcentral gyri, supplementary motor areas, and superior parietal lobule, and the right supramarginal gyrus; (2) hypoactivity in the left middle frontal gyrus and the right lobule IV/V of the cerebellum. Meta-regression analysis further revealed that: (1) hyperactivity in the left precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus in patients with SIS relative to healthy controls was inversely correlated with the time after SIS; (2) hyperactivity in the left superior parietal lobule was positively associated with motor assessment scores. These findings suggest that altered neural activity within the motor-related areas may serve as biomarkers of motor impairment in SIS. Additionally, changes in the precentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule may reflect neural plasticity or recovery processes following SIS-related damage. These results provide valuable insights that could inform the development of predictive models and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving rehabilitation outcomes for individuals recovering from SIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEBATE: is tractography accurate enough to be used to inform surgery?","authors":"Fracesco Vergani, Silvio Sarubbo, Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02948-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02948-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of diffusion MRI tractography into neurosurgical practice raises an essential question: is this technology accurate enough to be used to inform surgery? This short communication summarizes the key points of a debate held at the 2024 Tract-Anat Retreat on the clinical utility and limitations of tractography in neurosurgery. While tractography in neurosurgery offers unique insights into patient-specific white matter anatomy and has proven value for surgical planning, risk stratification and patient counselling, we identified limitations, challenges, and areas for improvement. These include variability in reconstruction methods, the importance of multimodal integration, false negative results and intrinsic limitations at surgery, such as brain shift during navigation. These perspectives highlight the need for standardized protocols, functional validation, and enhanced surgeon training to ensure the cautious and effective use of tractography in the operative setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models are useful in studying human neuroanatomy with tractography.","authors":"Alard Roebroeck, Suzanne Haber, Elena Borra, Simona Schiavi, Stephanie J Forkel, Kathleen Rockland, Tim B Dyrby, Kurt Schilling","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02945-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02945-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the impact of tractography on human brain mapping, direct validation and biological interpretation remain challenging. This short communication summarizes the key points of a debate held at the 2024 Tract-Anat Retreat on whether animal models are useful for studying human neuroanatomy with diffusion MRI tractography. While recognizing limitations, such as anatomical and biological differences between species, hardware and acquisition considerations and direct translation and interpretation, we identified immense value and utility of animal models for tractography including validation with histology, acquiring high-resolution datasets, exploring disease mechanisms, and advancing comparative neuroanatomy. These perspectives highlight the translational potential of preclinical models to inform tractography methodologies and underscore the need for careful species selection, methodological rigor, and ethical oversight in cross-species neuroimaging research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered white matter architecture in patients with isolated congenital anosmia.","authors":"Yun-Ting Chao, Yin-Chun Liao, Pei-Shan Hsu, Divesh Thaploo","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02942-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02942-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated Congenital Anosmia (ICA) is a rare condition characterized by the absence of the sense of smell due to the underdevelopment of the olfactory bulbs and a corresponding lifelong lack of olfactory input to the brain. Previous studies have reported that ICA patients exhibit structural and volumetric alterations in both gray and white matter regions as well as slightly elevated fractional anisotropy (FA) in the orbitofrontal cortex. This study expanded on these findings by utilizing whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a 3T MR scanner to investigate microstructural changes in the white matter of 8 ICA patients and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Tract-based spatial statistics revealed significantly lower FA values in the right superior corona radiata (SCR) of ICA patients compared to HCs (p = 0.001), indicating compromised white matter integrity in this region. Elevated mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity values in the right SCR (p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, respectively) suggest underlying demyelination. In the HC group, FA values in the SCR cluster were positively correlated with odor identification scores (rho = 0.59, p = 0.026), highlighting the functional relevance of SCR in processing olfactory information and semantic formation of odor perception. These findings underscore the critical role of early sensory input in shaping the architecture of white matter, and illustrate the impact of congenital olfactory deprivation on the structural integrity and functional organization of neural pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain connectivity: complex, not chaotic.","authors":"Elena Borra, Derek K Jones, Martin Parent, Laurent Petit, Kathleen S Rockland, R Jarrett Rushmore, Diego Szczupak","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02943-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02943-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"connections\" is a commonly used and convenient shorthand for describing the complex organization of the brain, but it can easily lead to an overemphasis on pairwise or point-to-point, source-target network connectivity. Anatomical studies make clear that there are other important features to consider such as divergence and collateralization (axons or bundles branching to multiple targets), convergence (multiple bundles from different sources converging on the same target), and scrambled topography along a trajectory. This short \"Did You Know\" communication elaborates on several of these features from the anatomical perspective, while inviting continued dialogue with the tractography community in addressing the shared goals of better understanding brain organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-species neuroanatomy in primates using tractography.","authors":"Stamatios N Sotiropoulos, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Suzanne N Haber, Stephanie J Forkel","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02914-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02914-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to their integrative role in brain function, long-range white matter connections exhibit high individual variability, giving rise to personalised brain circuits. This neurovariability is more evident in the connection patterns of brain areas that have evolved more recently. Diffusion MRI tractography allows unique opportunities for comparative neuroanatomy across species to study evolution and provide unique insights into the phylogeny of brain networks, which we overview in this note, inspired by discussions at the International Society for Tractography (IST) retreat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging and immunofluorescence of the Pseudopus apodus brain: unraveling its structural complexity.","authors":"S Jiménez, R Morona, M J Ruiz-Fernández, E Fernández-Valle, D Castejón, M I García-Real, J González-Soriano, N Moreno","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02940-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02940-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study provides an in-depth neuroanatomical characterization of the brain of Pseudopus apodus, combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histological analysis by immunofluorescence. In the telencephalon, the pallial regions showed distinct anatomical features, including a cortical structure, a dorsal ventricular ridge and the spherical nucleus, but prominent layering patterns, observable on histological slides, were not fully resolved by MRI. Subpallial structures, such as the nucleus accumbens and the basal ganglia, were delineated with histological clarity and further supported by MRI. In the hypothalamic and diencephalic regions, the dense and complex cellular composition made precise delineation of individual nuclei difficult by MRI, in contrast to the histological accuracy, however by MRI the identification of the major tracts running through these domains are clearly identifiable. Mesencephalic and rhombencephalic structures, including the optic tectum, isthmic nuclei, cerebellum, and reticular groups, were systematically described using a combination of histological and MRI techniques. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of specific markers, such as Calretinin, ChAT, Isl1, Satb1, Serotonin and Tyrosine Hydroxylase, provided higher resolution of functional sub-regions, allowing precise identification of boundaries and facilitating comprehensive regional mapping, showing complex organizational arrangements, both in rostral regions, such as the dorsal ventricular crest, and in caudal regions, within the tegmental and posterior nuclei of the brain, including the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei. These findings establish a robust neuroanatomical framework for Pseudopus apodus, contributing significantly to the understanding of reptile brain organization and providing valuable insights into the evolutionary adaptations underlying a limbless lizard neuroanatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying athletes and non-athletes by differences in spontaneous brain activity: a machine learning and fMRI study.","authors":"Lei Peng, Lin Xu, Zheyuan Zhang, Zexuan Wang, Xiao Zhong, Letong Wang, Ziyi Peng, Ruiping Xu, Yongcong Shao","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02941-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02941-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different types of sports training can induce distinct changes in brain activity and function; however, it remains unclear if there are commonalities across various sports disciplines. Moreover, the relationship between these brain activity alterations and the duration of sports training requires further investigation. This study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) techniques to analyze spontaneous brain activity using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in 86 highly trained athletes compared to 74 age- and gender-matched non-athletes. Our findings revealed significantly higher ALFF values in the Insula_R (Right Insula), OFCpost_R (Right Posterior orbital gyrus), and OFClat_R (Right Lateral orbital gyrus) in athletes compared to controls, whereas fALFF in the Postcentral_R (Right Postcentral) was notably higher in controls. Additionally, we identified a significant negative correlation between fALFF values in the Postcentral_R of athletes and their years of professional training. Utilizing machine learning algorithms, we achieved accurate classification of brain activity patterns distinguishing athletes from non-athletes with over 96.97% accuracy. These results suggest that the functional reorganization observed in athletes' brains may signify an adaptation to prolonged training, potentially reflecting enhanced processing efficiency. This study emphasizes the importance of examining the impact of long-term sports training on brain function, which could influence cognitive and sensory systems crucial for optimal athletic performance. Furthermore, machine learning methods could be used in the future to select athletes based on differences in brain activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation patterns in male and female forebrain areas during habituation to food and context novelty.","authors":"Zoe R Irving, Eliza M Greiner, Mark Indriolo, Zhe Liu, Gorica D Petrovich","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02927-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02927-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novelty has significant effects on feeding behavior. New foods and unfamiliar environments suppress consumption, and adaptation to novelty is fundamental to survival. Yet, little is known about habituation to eating in a novel environment. The aim of the current study was to determine if context familiarity impacts habituation to novel food and to identify underlying neural substrates. Adult male and female rats were tested for consumption of a novel, palatable food in a novel or familiar environment across four habituation sessions and a final test session. Test-induced Fos expression was measured in amygdalar, thalamic, prefrontal, and hippocampal regions known to be recruited during the first exposure to novelty. Rats in the novel context ate less compared to rats in the familiar context during each habituation session and test, and females ate less than males during the first session. Habituation to eating in the novel context robustly induced Fos in the majority of regions analyzed, including the central, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei of the amygdala, thalamic paraventricular and reuniens nuclei, and the hippocampal field CA1. Females had overall higher Fos induction in most regions analyzed and higher in the novel condition in the reuniens nucleus. Bivariate correlation analyses of Fos induction between regions found a large number of correlations in the novel context condition. Females tested in the novel context had uniquely large number of correlations between all regions analyzed, except for one thalamic subregion. These results suggest that novelty from context remains relevant late in habituation and recruits a distinct and more interactive network in females than in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex underlying the association between self-control and delay discounting.","authors":"Wenzhuo Gong, Hengyue Zhao, Zhuoran Wei, Tingyong Feng, Pan Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02936-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02936-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delay discounting is the tendency for people to devalue future rewards as the time required to obtain them increases over time. Self-control is the ability to regulate behavior, emotions and cognition to achieve goals or adhere to social norms despite temptations, impulses or distractions. Previous studies have found that self-control was negatively correlated with delay discounting. However, the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between self-control and delay discounting remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the neural basis of the relationship between self-control and delay discounting using voxel-based morphometry(VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity analysis(RSFC). The behavioral results demonstrated a negative correlation between delay discounting and self-control. Furthermore, the voxel-based morphometry results showed a positive correlation between self-control and gray matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(dlPFC). Moreover, self-control was positively correlated with functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. More importantly, the association between self-control and delay discounting was shown to be partially mediated by the functional connectivity between the dlPFC and mPFC. These findings suggested that dlPFC-mPFC functional connectivity could be the neural basis underlying the association between self-control and delay discounting, which provided novel insights into how self-control affected delay discounting and offered new explanations from a neural perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}