Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Involvement of the left uncinate fasciculus in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an exploratory longitudinal multi-modal neuroimaging and neuropsychological study.","authors":"Sadegh Ghaderi, Farzad Fatehi, Sanjay Kalra, Sana Mohammadi, Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02884-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02884-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the microstructural integrity, tract volume analysis, and functional connectivity (FC) alterations of the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to healthy controls (HCs). Fourteen limb-onset ALS patients were recruited at baseline and ten at follow-up, along with 14 HCs. All participants underwent 3D T1-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging and kurtosis imaging (DTI/DKI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) using a 3 Tesla scanner with 64-channel coils. Eight metrics of diffusion, rs-FC of the left UF, and graph theory analyses were extracted. Statistical group comparisons and correlation analysis for significant diffusion metrics were also conducted. Significantly lower radial kurtosis (RK), mean kurtosis (MK), and higher DTI diffusivity metrics were observed in the left UF of ALS patients than in HCs. RK and MK were correlated with various cognitive scores, particularly executive function and visuospatial ability. The volume of the left UF was positively correlated only with RK and MK at follow-up. While rs-FC analysis did not reveal group differences, a negative functional link between the left UF and cerebellum was observed in HCs but not in patients. Graph theory analysis suggested decreased connectivity in baseline patients and potential compensatory effects during the follow-up. Our study reveals microstructural abnormalities and potential network changes in left UF. DKI metrics, especially RK and MK, may be more sensitive biomarkers than DTI metrics, particularly longitudinally. Diffusion changes appear to precede volume and functional connectivity alterations, suggesting diffusion as a potential early biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quantitative anatomy of the hippocampal formation in homing pigeons and other pigeon breeds: implications for spatial cognition.","authors":"Audrey E M Guyonnet, Kelsey J Racicot, Benjamin Brinkman, Andrew N Iwaniuk","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02882-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02882-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial selection for specific behavioural and physical traits in domesticated animals has resulted in a wide variety of breeds. One of the most widely recognized examples of behavioural selection is the homing pigeon (Columba livia), which has undergone intense selection for fast and efficient navigation, likely resulting in significant anatomical changes to the hippocampal formation. Previous neuroanatomical comparisons between homing and other pigeon breeds yielded mixed results, but only focused on volumes. We completed a more systematic test for differences in hippocampal formation anatomy between homing and other pigeon breeds by measuring volumes, neuron numbers and neuron densities in the hippocampal formation and septum across homing pigeons and seven other breeds. Overall, we found few differences in hippocampal formation volume across breeds, but large, significant differences in neuron numbers and densities. More specifically, homing pigeons have significantly more hippocampal neurons and at higher density than most other pigeon breeds, with nearly twice as many neurons as feral pigeons. These findings suggest that neuron numbers may be an important component of homing behaviour in homing pigeons. Our data also provide the first evidence that neuronal density can be modified by artificial selection, which has significant implications for the study of domestication and interbreed variation in anatomy and behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dendrite morphology in Wistar and genetic absence epileptic rats.","authors":"Sevdenur Yazi, Umit S Sehirli, Rezzan Gulhan, Filiz Onat, Ozlem Kirazli","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02868-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02868-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), a rodent model genetically predisposed to absence epilepsy, serves as an experimental tool to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms underlying human absence epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the morphological features of dendrites and dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of Wistar and GAERS rats.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Adult male GAERS (n = 5) and control Wistar (n = 5) rats were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion and brains were removed. Brain tissues were processed by Golgi impregnation method using FD Rapid GolgiStain Kit. Coronal sections were obtained with a cryostat. Pyramidal neurons in layers V-VI of the somatosensory cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus were examined using a light microscope and Neurolucida 360 software. Dendrite nodes, dendrite segments (dendritic branching), dendrite terminations, total dendrite length, dendritic spine density, and dendritic spine types were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to Wistar, GAERS exhibited significantly higher numbers of nodes (p = 0.0053, p = 0.0047), segments (p = 0.0036, p = 0.0036), and terminations (p = 0.0033, p = 0.0029) in the dendrites of the somatosensory cortex and the hippocampus, respectively. Furthermore, the total dendrite length (µm) (p = 0.0002, p = 0.0007) and the density of dendritic spines (1/µm) (p = 0.0168, p = 0.0120) were significantly high in GAERS compared to Wistar. When dendritic spine types were evaluated separately, stubby-type dendritic spines in the hippocampus were higher in GAERS compared to Wistar (p = 0.0045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intense synaptic connections in the somatosensory cortex and the hippocampus of genetic absence epileptic rats led to morphological alterations in the dendrites and the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in these regions, potentially contributing to the pathophysiology of absence seizures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling brain and cognition in fossil minds.","authors":"Emiliano Bruner","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02880-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02880-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructurally informed subject-specific parcellation of the corpus callosum using axonal water fraction.","authors":"Sohae Chung, Els Fieremans, Dmitry S Novikov, Yvonne W Lui","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02872-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02872-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corpus callosum (CC) is the most important interhemispheric white matter (WM) structure composed of several anatomically and functionally distinct WM tracts. Resolving these tracts is a challenge since the callosum appears relatively homogenous in conventional structural imaging. Commonly used callosal parcellation methods such as Hofer and Frahm scheme rely on rigid geometric guidelines to separate the substructures that are limited to consider individual variation. Here we present a novel subject-specific and microstructurally-informed method for callosal parcellation based on axonal water fraction (ƒ) known as a diffusion metric reflective of axon caliber and density. We studied 30 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project dataset with multi-shell diffusion MRI. The biophysical parameter ƒ was derived from compartment-specific WM modeling. Inflection points were identified where there were concavity changes in ƒ across the CC to delineate callosal subregions. We observed relatively higher ƒ in anterior and posterior areas known to consist of a greater number of small diameter fibers and lower ƒ in posterior body areas of the CC known to consist of a greater number of large diameter fibers. Based on the degree of change in ƒ along the callosum, seven callosal subregions were consistently delineated for each individual. Therefore, this method provides microstructurally informed callosal parcellation in a subject-specific way, allowing for more accurate analysis in the corpus callosum.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in hippocampal volume and affective functioning after a moderate intensity running intervention.","authors":"Patrick Klepits, Karl Koschutnig, Thomas Zussner, Andreas Fink","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02885-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02885-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of a moderately intense seven-week running intervention on the hippocampal volume and depressive symptoms of young men (20-31 years of age) from the general population (N = 21). A within-subjects-design involving a two-week baseline period before the running intervention, and two subsequent intervention cycles was applied. At four time points of assessment (t₁: start of the study; t₂: end of baseline period/start of the intervention; t₃: end of the first intervention cycle; t₄: end of the 2nd intervention cycle/study end) magnetic resonance imaging was performed and symptoms related to depression were assessed employing the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in the estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max), measured with a standardized walking test (average increase from 42.07 ml*kg^- 1*min^- 1 to 46.07 ml*kg^- 1*min^- 1). The CES-D scores decreased significantly over the course of the running intervention (average decrease from 12.76 to 10.48 on a 20-point scale). Significant volumetric increases in the hippocampus were found, most notably after the first intervention cycle in the left (average increase from 613.41 mm³ to 620.55 mm³) and right hippocampal tail (average increase from 629.77 mm³ to 638.17 mm³). These findings provide new evidence regarding the temporal dynamics of hippocampal changes following engagement in physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta oscillation modulations of the orienting attention network effect correlate with dopamine-dependent motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Bo Jiang, Lei Ding, Keke Chen, Qiwei Huang, Xingyu Han, Zhaohui Jin, Li-Zhi Cao, Jianxu Zhang, Qing Li, Cuiping Xue, Yiliu He, Boyan Fang, Guangying Pei, Tianyi Yan","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02863-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02863-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention impairment, a prevalent non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), plays a crucial role in movement disorders. PD patients exhibit abnormalities in the attentional network related to alerting, orienting, and executive control. While dopamine medications have well-documented effects on motor function, their impact on attention networks and the underlying neural mechanisms involved in motor functions remain unclear. In this study, we utilized a modified attention network test to investigate the neural correlates underlying attention network effects measured by electroencephalography (EEG) in 29 PD patients, both on and off dopamine medication and examined their association with motor performance. Interestingly, we found that dopamine medication specifically modulated the orienting effect of the attention network. We analyzed event-related potential components, time-frequency oscillations, and brain network connectivity, as determined by the weighted phase lag index, within the orienting effect under different dopamine medication states. We observed that event-related desynchronization in the beta_low, event-related synchronization in the beta_high, and functional connectivity of the beta_low in the frontal, central, and parietal were regulated by dopamine medication in the orienting effect. We discovered an association between the attention network's orienting effect and motor performance alterations, which may be attributed to enhanced functional connectivity within the beta_low-brain network. Enhanced weighted phase lag index of the beta_low-brain network in the orienting effect may contribute to dopamine-dependent changes in motor performance. These preliminary findings provide insights into the EEG mechanisms that underlie the impact of the orienting effect in individuals with PD, shedding light on the influence of dopamine medication and its potential role in regulating top-down attention processes. These findings could help in the advancement of substitution strategies and may have the potential to address both motor and cognitive deficits in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining current neuroanatomical models of reading: the view from Arabic.","authors":"Mohamed L Seghier, Sami Boudelaa","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02827-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02827-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing interest in imaging understudied orthographies to unravel their neuronal correlates and their implications for existing computational and neuroanatomical models. Here, we review current brain mapping literature about Arabic words. We first offer a succinct description of some unique linguistic features of Arabic that challenge current cognitive models of reading. We then appraise the existing functional neuroimaging studies that investigated written Arabic word processing. Our review revealed that (1) Arabic is still understudied, (2) the most investigated features concerned the effects of vowelling and diglossia in Arabic reading, (3) findings were not always discussed in the light of existing reading models such as the dual route cascaded, the triangle, and the connectionist dual process models, and (4) current evidence is unreliable when it comes to the exact neuronal pathways that sustain Arabic word processing. Overall, despite the fact that Arabic has some unique linguistic features that challenge and ultimately enrich current reading models, the existing functional neuroimaging literature falls short of offering a reliable evidence about brain networks of Arabic reading. We conclude by highlighting the need for more systematic studies of the linguistic features of Arabic to build theoretical and neuroanatomical models that are concurrently specific and general.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"2167-2185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the basic architecture of neocortical circuitry in the human fetus as revealed by the coupling spatiotemporal pattern of synaptogenesis along with microstructure and macroscale in vivo MR imaging.","authors":"Ivica Kostović","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02838-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02838-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In humans, a quantifiable number of cortical synapses appears early in fetal life. In this paper, we present a bridge across different scales of resolution and the distribution of synapses across the transient cytoarchitectonic compartments: marginal zone (MZ), cortical plate (CP), subplate (SP), and in vivo MR images. The tissue of somatosensory cortex (7-26 postconceptional weeks (PCW)) was prepared for electron microscopy, and classified synapses with a determined subpial depth were used for creating histograms matched to the histological sections immunoreacted for synaptic markers and aligned to in vivo MR images (1.5 T) of corresponding fetal ages (maternal indication). Two time periods and laminar patterns of synaptogenesis were identified: an early and midfetal two-compartmental distribution (MZ and SP) and a late fetal three-compartmental distribution (CP synaptogenesis). During both periods, a voluminous, synapse-rich SP was visualized on the in vivo MR. Another novel finding concerns the phase of secondary expansion of the SP (13 PCW), where a quantifiable number of synapses appears in the upper SP. This lamina shows a T2 intermediate signal intensity below the low signal CP. In conclusion, the early fetal appearance of synapses shows early differentiation of putative genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis, transport and assembly of synaptic proteins. \"Pioneering\" synapses are likely to play a morphogenetic role in constructing of fundamental circuitry architecture due to interaction between neurons. They underlie spontaneous, evoked, and resting state activity prior to ex utero experience. Synapses can also mediate genetic and environmental triggers, adversely altering the development of cortical circuitry and leading to neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"2339-2367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining language networks: connectivity beyond localised regions.","authors":"Stephanie J Forkel, Peter Hagoort","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02859-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02859-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"2073-2078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}