Brain Structure & Function最新文献_第5页

Functional connectivity of the superior temporal sulcus at term-equivalent age: effects of gestational age and sex. 月龄时颞上沟的功能连接：胎龄和性别的影响。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02979-5

Charlotte Mancuso, Maxime Bacquet, Lucas Benjamin, François Leroy, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz

{"title":"Functional connectivity of the superior temporal sulcus at term-equivalent age: effects of gestational age and sex.","authors":"Charlotte Mancuso, Maxime Bacquet, Lucas Benjamin, François Leroy, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02979-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02979-5","url":null,"abstract":"The superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays a central role in auditory and linguistic processing and undergoes rapid development during the last trimester of gestation. Yet, the extent to which its development is shaped by early sensory experience remains unclear. Premature birth offers a unique opportunity to address this question, as it exposes the brain to an extra-uterine auditory environment at a critical stage of network maturation. We analyzed resting-state fMRI data in 116 neonates (63 males), scanned at term-equivalent age but born at varying gestational age (24.3 to 41.7 weeks gestational age) using the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) database. Functional connectivity was computed in native space using regions of interest based on each infant's sulcal anatomy to assess the respective contributions of STS subregions. Our analyses reveal a functional division between the inferior and superior banks of the STS, with the inferior bank showing stronger connectivity to distant parietal and frontal areas along the dorsal language pathway. The left posterior STS emerged as a functional hub, displaying broad inter-area connectivity. Longer gestations correlated with increased local connectivity, notably in the right temporal region, despite equal age at scan. Additionally, female neonates exhibited stronger connectivity from the left posterior STS compared to males. These findings highlight the early emergence of adult-like auditory-linguistic networks and their sensitivity to the in-utero environment. Further research is needed to investigate the consequences of these early differences and to determine which postnatal interventions might help compensate, if necessary.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in neuropathological response to traumatic brain injury: increased neuronal loss and astrogliosis in females. 外伤性脑损伤的神经病理反应的性别差异：女性神经元丢失和星形胶质增生增加。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02986-6

Zuzanna Rauk, Joanna Jędrusik, Zofia Walczak, Zuzanna Setkowicz

{"title":"Sex differences in neuropathological response to traumatic brain injury: increased neuronal loss and astrogliosis in females.","authors":"Zuzanna Rauk, Joanna Jędrusik, Zofia Walczak, Zuzanna Setkowicz","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02986-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02986-6","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide and a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic epilepsy and mood disorders. Sexual differences in the tissue response to the injury may contribute to the varied pathophysiology of TBI, making it particularly challenging to develop a satisfactory therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual difference in astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neuronal loss after TBI. Penetrating cortical brain injury was performed in male and female rats that were sacrificed 2, 8, 16, or 30 days after injury. Glial scar development and neuronal loss were analysed, as well as the morphology of astrocytes and microglia in perilesional cerebral cortex. Increased astrogliosis was observed in females compared to males, including more complex and hypertrophied morphology of astrocytes 2 and 8 days after TBI, an earlier onset of contralateral astrocytic reaction, and a greater GFAP + (glial fibrillary acidic protein) area fraction in perilesional cortex in females 30 days post-injury. Sex differences in microglia morphology were also observed, such as more complex and ramified microglia in females 2 and 30 days after TBI. Moreover, an increased loss of parvalbumin- and neuropeptide Y-expressing neurons in perilesional and contralateral cortex was noticed in females compared to males, along with a higher number of cells expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase. These results suggest a sexual differences in the cellular response to traumatic brain injury, which may contribute to the different outcomes and development of post-traumatic pathologies in males and females.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activation of the tail of the ventral tegmental area in response to pup predicting cues in maternal rats. 母鼠腹侧被盖区尾部对幼犬预测线索的反应。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02987-5

Clara Pérez-Gozalbo, Julia L Gutiérrez-Arroyo, Manuela Barneo-Muñoz, Fernando Martínez-García, María José Sánchez-Catalán

{"title":"Activation of the tail of the ventral tegmental area in response to pup predicting cues in maternal rats.","authors":"Clara Pérez-Gozalbo, Julia L Gutiérrez-Arroyo, Manuela Barneo-Muñoz, Fernando Martínez-García, María José Sánchez-Catalán","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02987-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02987-5","url":null,"abstract":"Motherhood entails brain and behavioral changes associated with increased motivation for pups, ensuring their correct development and survival. Dopamine systems play a crucial role in motivated behaviors, although the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying maternal behavior remain unknown. The tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA) or rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) is a control center of dopamine systems involved in avoidance and prediction error, among other brain processes. In the present study, we explored its possible contribution in maternal motivation in rats. To do so, we analyzed maternal behavior, as well as the expression of cFos in several brain regions (tVTA/RMTg, anterior-posterior VTA, shell-core ACb, mPFC, LHb, MePD, MPO) of virgin and dam rats in response to pups (Virgin-P, Dam-P) or to pup-predicting cues (absence of pups) (Virgin-NP, Dam-NP). Overall, our results reveal that maternal behavior was only displayed by dams, whereas virgins did not display maternal sensitization in our experimental conditions. Regarding the brain activity, we show that pup-predicting cues induce higher cFos in the tVTA/RMTg of pup-deprived dams compared to non-pup deprived dams and to virgin females, suggesting a role of the tVTA/RMTg in maternal reward prediction error. By contrast, pup exposure or deprivation elicit slight differences on the recruitment of other dopamine and social-related brain regions in our females. Finally, the correlation analysis of activity of brain regions mainly highlights positive correlations in pup-exposed females and scarce correlations in pup-deprived females. Overall, our results reveal a main role of the tVTA/RMTg in maternal reward prediction error.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spinocerebellar neurons projecting to copula pyramidis, studied by retrograde labeling in the rat. 大鼠脊髓小脑神经元向锥体突起的逆行标记研究。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02985-7

Matsuo Matsushita

引用次数: 0

Developmental expression of α- and β- synuclein in the mouse retina. α-和β-突触核蛋白在小鼠视网膜中的发育表达。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02984-8

Wenhui Zhong, Zhongqun Chen, Shaoxuan Wang, Jun Cao, Xin Lin, Xiaoqian Lai, Bilin Rao, Jun Zhang

{"title":"Developmental expression of α- and β- synuclein in the mouse retina.","authors":"Wenhui Zhong, Zhongqun Chen, Shaoxuan Wang, Jun Cao, Xin Lin, Xiaoqian Lai, Bilin Rao, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02984-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02984-8","url":null,"abstract":"The synuclein family comprises three presynaptic proteins-alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), beta-synuclein (β-Syn), and gamma-synuclein (γ-Syn)-which are crucial for synaptic transmission. Our previous studies have detailed the precise cellular and subcellular localization of α- and β-Syn in the adult mouse retina, revealing distinct expression patterns in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic elements. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) is critical for neural development in the mouse retina. Here, we employed light-microscopic immunocytochemistry to investigate the expression of α- and β-Syn in the developing mouse retina, examining from embryonic day 13.5 to postnatal day 21 (E13.5, E16.5, E19.5, P1, P7, P10, P14, and P21). We revealed distinct developmental expression patterns across these stages. We found that α-Syn was first detected at E13.5, whereas β-Syn expression appeared later at E16.5. After E16.5, β-Syn exhibited a broader expression profile compared to α-Syn. Consistent with findings in the adult retina, α-Syn was confined to inhibitory synapses, while β-Syn was present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses during development. These unique expression patterns of α- and β-Syn in the developing retina suggest potential roles in modulating excitatory and inhibitory inputs during retinal maturation. Furthermore, this research may contribute to understanding the broader role of α- and β-Syn in neural development within the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning Chinese induces altered resting-state functional connectivity relating to orthographic and phonological processing in adult alphabetic language speakers. 汉语学习引起成人字母语言使用者正字法和语音加工相关的静息状态功能连接的改变。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02977-7

Xiaojin Liu, Ying Yang, Yuqi Liang, Xin Tong, Shan Jiang, Ruiwang Huang, Liu Tu

{"title":"Learning Chinese induces altered resting-state functional connectivity relating to orthographic and phonological processing in adult alphabetic language speakers.","authors":"Xiaojin Liu, Ying Yang, Yuqi Liang, Xin Tong, Shan Jiang, Ruiwang Huang, Liu Tu","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02977-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02977-7","url":null,"abstract":"The complex relationship between Chinese characters and their pronunciations presents challenges for alphabetic language speakers learning Chinese. While previous studies have demonstrated brain structural alterations, little is known about functional neuroplasticity after prolonged Chinese learning. Here, we examined its impact on the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) associated with orthographic and phonological processing. We acquired RS-fMRI data from 17 Indian students who had learned Chinese for 3.24 years (learned group, LG) and 21 university students (control group, CG). We then selected brain regions related to Chinese orthographic and phonological processing, applied seed-based connectivity analysis to generate RSFC maps, and examined the between-group differences. We found that, compared with those in the CG, stronger RSFC in the LG was associated with the fusiform gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), precuneus, middle occipital gyrus, insula, and cerebellum related to Chinese orthographic processing. Increased RSFC between the IFG and putamen was also observed for phonological processing in the LG. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between stronger RSFC related to orthographic processing and higher accuracy in Chinese character recognition. These findings suggest that increased neural integration between relevant functional regions plays key roles in Chinese orthography and phonology processing for alphabetic language speakers.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infralimbic prefrontal cortical projections to the autonomic brainstem: quantification of inputs to cholinergic and adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei. 边缘下前额叶皮层投射到自主脑干：对胆碱能和肾上腺素能/去肾上腺素能核输入的量化。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02983-9

Ema Lukinic, Tyler Wallace, Carlie McCartney, Brent Myers

{"title":"Infralimbic prefrontal cortical projections to the autonomic brainstem: quantification of inputs to cholinergic and adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei.","authors":"Ema Lukinic, Tyler Wallace, Carlie McCartney, Brent Myers","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02983-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02983-9","url":null,"abstract":"The ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulates both emotional and physiological processes. The infralimbic cortex (IL), a prefrontal subregion in rodents, integrates behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic responses to stress. However, the organization of cortical inputs to brainstem nuclei that regulate homeostatic responses are not well defined. We hypothesized that IL projections differentially target pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons and adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei. To quantify IL projections to autonomic brainstem nuclei in male rats, we utilized viral-mediated gene transfer to express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in IL glutamatergic neurons. YFP-positive projections to cholinergic and adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei were then imaged and quantified. Our results indicate that IL glutamate neurons innervated the cholinergic dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, with low projection density in the nucleus ambiguus. Furthermore, numerous DBH-positive cell groups received IL inputs. The greatest density was to the C2 and A2 regions of the nucleus of the solitary tract with intermediate levels of input to A6 locus coeruleus and throughout the C1 and A1 regions of the ventrolateral medulla. Minimal input was present in the pontine A5. Additionally, IL projections targeted the local GABAergic neurons that regulate activity within preautonomic nuclei. Collectively, our results indicate that IL pyramidal neurons project to vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, presympathetic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla, as well as diffuse homeostatic modulators the nucleus of the solitary tract and locus coeruleus. Ultimately, these findings provide a roadmap for determining circuit-level mechanisms for neural control of homeostasis and autonomic balance.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of sex and age on movie-watching functional connectivity and movie clip classification. 性别和年龄对观影功能连通性和电影片段分类的影响。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02962-0

Chengxiao Yang, Bharat B Biswal, Pan Wang

{"title":"The effects of sex and age on movie-watching functional connectivity and movie clip classification.","authors":"Chengxiao Yang, Bharat B Biswal, Pan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02962-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02962-0","url":null,"abstract":"Functional connectivity (FC) is a key tool for understanding the complex interactions within the human brain, highlighting connections between various regions. This study delves into the multifaceted influences shaping functional magnetic resonance imaging FC patterns during movie watching, focusing on the effects of sex, age, and movie clip. Leveraging the Human Connectome Project dataset, we systematically examine FC patterns elicited during movie watching. Notably, sex-specific variations in FC are observed, with females exhibiting heightened FC within visual, limbic, and default mode networks, while males display predominant intra-network connectivity within somatomotor and attention networks. Age-related variations further manifest, revealing FC increases with age in early adulthood (21-35 years old) within some specific networks. Moreover, our investigation unveils the profound influence of movie clips on FC patterns, with significant interactions observed between clips, sex, and age. Feature selection using the Average Cross-Session Correlation method highlights FC as distinct fingerprints of clips, and the Support Vector Machine classifier shows high accuracy (Accuracy > 0.9) when using these features. Our findings underscore the importance of considering individual demographic factors and external stimuli in understanding neural connectivity dynamics during movie-watching, with implications for both basic neuroscience research and clinical neuroimaging applications.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 6","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Touching" the brain: braille reading mitigates the SC-FC decoupling of brain networks in congenital blindness. “触摸”大脑：盲文阅读减轻先天失明的大脑网络SC-FC脱钩。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02975-9

Saiyi Jiao, Ke Wang, Jiahong Zeng, Zhenjiang Cui, Yudan Luo, Zaizhu Han

{"title":"\"Touching\" the brain: braille reading mitigates the SC-FC decoupling of brain networks in congenital blindness.","authors":"Saiyi Jiao, Ke Wang, Jiahong Zeng, Zhenjiang Cui, Yudan Luo, Zaizhu Han","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02975-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02975-9","url":null,"abstract":"Acquired experiences are crucial for brain structure and function development, with a strong covariance between them. However, how experience deprivation reorganizes the covariance between structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC), and how newly acquired experience influences this plastic reorganization remain unclear. To address these, we recruited 21 congenitally blind (CB) participants and 21 normally sighted (NS) controls. Using multi-modal MRI and graph-theoretical analyses, we examined the topological properties, and then investigated the SC-FC coupling reorganization and its relationship with braille reading ability. Compared to the NS group, the CB group showed significant topological reorganization in structural networks and disrupted intra-hemispheric SC-FC coupling. Importantly, braille reading proficiency and earlier braille onset mitigated SC-FC decoupling, suggesting that braille reading partially rescued disrupted network. Our findings highlight dynamic network plasticity in compensating for visual loss, and underscore the importance of early braille acquisition in maintaining brain networks stability in congenital blindness.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 6","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic variation of layer II cortical immature neurons in dog and horse confirms covariance with brain size and neocortical surface. 狗和马皮层第二层未成熟神经元的系统发育变异证实了与脑大小和新皮层表面的协方差。

IF 2.9 3区医学

Brain Structure & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-025-02981-x

Alessia Pattaro, Marco Ghibaudi, Chiara Corrente, Nikita Telitsyn, Jean-Marie Graic, Luca Aresu, Chet C Sherwood, Luca Bonfanti

{"title":"Phylogenetic variation of layer II cortical immature neurons in dog and horse confirms covariance with brain size and neocortical surface.","authors":"Alessia Pattaro, Marco Ghibaudi, Chiara Corrente, Nikita Telitsyn, Jean-Marie Graic, Luca Aresu, Chet C Sherwood, Luca Bonfanti","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02981-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02981-x","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research in brain structural plasticity has identified \"immature\" or \"dormant\" neurons in layer II of the cerebral cortex (cortical immature neurons; cINs), cells that remain in a prolonged state of arrested development but retain the ability to resume maturation and integrate functionally into mature cortical circuits. These immature cells are far more abundant in large-brained mammals, being restricted to paleocortex (piriform cortex) in small-brained rodents and extending in the widely expanded neocortical mantle of species with large gyrencephalic brains. In a previous systematic analysis, using a comparable method for quantification in eight mammalian species, including mice, chimpanzees, and others of diverse phylogenetic backgrounds and neuroanatomical structure, cIN density showed covariation with brain size. Notably, however, members of the order Carnivora (cats and foxes) displayed the highest cIN densities with respect to sheep and chimpanzees, endowed with larger brains. Here we used the same method to characterize and quantify the cINs in the cerebral cortex of dogs (carnivores) and horses (herbivores with a very large brain) to investigate the position of these two species in the phylogenetic variation. Our results further strengthen the finding of covariance between cIN density and increasing brain size and confirm a relationship with neocortical expansion. These results support the emerging view that immature or dormant neurons may represent a reservoir of undifferentiated (stem cell-independent) neuronal cells for the widely expanded cortices of mammals endowed with high order cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 6","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0