BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"The effectiveness of the educational program on knowledge and caring performance of parents of children with colostomy: a clinical trial study.","authors":"Ashrafalsadat Hakim, Sara Kazemi, Mehran Peyvasteh, Mohammad Hossein Haghighizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05591-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05591-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colostomy is an important emergency procedure to save children's lives. It is necessary to use a suitable educational program to improve the knowledge and caring performance of parents. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the educational program on the knowledge and caring performance of parents of children with colostomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial study was conducted on 78 parents of children with colostomy. The patients were randomly divided into 39 test groups and 39 control groups using the 4 block method. The data were collected with demographic information questionnaire and parents' knowledge and care performance questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS₂₅, employing descriptive (including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (including paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square, and analysis of covariance) statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is no difference between the control and test groups with demographic characteristics. There was a significant difference between the average score of parental care knowledge after the intervention in the control and test groups (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the average score of parental care performance after the intervention in the control and test groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The educational program can be used as an effective way to increase the knowledge and care performance of parents of children with colostomy and to control complications caused by colostomy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRCT20230507058110N1, 2023-05-13.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and inequalities in full immunisation coverage among one-year-olds in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019.","authors":"Augustus Osborne, Camilla Bangura, Umaru Sesay, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05644-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05644-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Full immunisation of children by their first birthday is a crucial public health target. Vaccines protect children from preventable diseases, promoting individual and community health. In Sierra Leone, a country with a history of high childhood mortality rates, achieving full immunisation coverage is a critical step towards a healthier future. This study examined the trends and inequalities in full immunisation coverage among children aged one year in Sierra Leone from 2008 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three rounds of the Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (2008, 2013, and 2019) were analysed. A descriptive approach was adopted for the analysis. Simple [difference (D) and ratio (R)] and complex [population attributable risk (PAR) and population attributable fraction (PAF)] measures of inequalities were computed using the World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (WHO's HEAT) software. The measures were computed separately for each of the three surveys, and their estimates were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that full immunisation coverage for one-year-olds in Sierra Leone increased significantly between 2008 (40.1%) and 2013 (68.3%). However, there was a decrease in coverage in 2019 (56.5%). Region-related inequalities were the largest and increased slightly between 2008 (D = 13.8; R = 1.4; PAF = 17.8, PAR = 7.1) and 2013 (D = 20.7.; R = 1.3; PAF = 14.2, PAR = 9.7) but decreased in 2019 (D = 18.2; R = 1.3; PAF = 15.3, PAR = 8.6). Substantial education-related inequalities were observed in 2008 (D = 10.1, R = 1.2, PAF = 19.4, PAR = 7.7), but this decreased in 2013 (D = 6.7, R = 1.1, PAF = 8.0, PAR = 5.4; and 2019 D = 5.0, R = 1.0, PAF = 4.7, PAR = 2.4). The age and sex of the child appeared to have minimal influence on the overall inequality in immunisation coverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights education and region as key contributors to the inequalities. Mothers with lower education were less likely to get their children fully immunised. Immunisation coverage varies significantly across regions, with the Eastern region leading and the Northern region lagging. Age and sex have minimal impact. The government and partner organisations in Sierra Leone should focus outreach programs on these high-risk groups, implement geographically targeted strategies and invest in education and improve access to healthcare facilities. Ensuring vaccine availability, trained personnel, and data collection for monitoring could be useful. There is also the need to develop targeted interventions for regions with lower coverage. These steps are crucial to achieving universal immunisation coverage.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registration was not necessary since we analysed a secondary dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality, morbidity and growth among moderately low birthweight infants in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.","authors":"Tisungane Mvalo, Sangappa M Dhaded, Karim P Manji, Linda Vesel, Katherine E A Semrau, Rodrick Kisenge, Sarah Somji, Msandeni Chiume, Friday Saidi, Irving F Hoffman, Sunil Vernekar, Roopa Bellad, Bhavana Koppad, Danielle E Tuller, Rana Mokhtar, Anne C C Lee, Krysten North, Christopher R Sudfeld","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05668-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05668-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite notable global reductions in infant and under-five mortality over the last two decades, about half of the remaining neonatal deaths occur among low birth weight (LBW) infants. We conducted a prospective study to characterize the mortality risk and morbidity of moderately LBW (MLBW; 1500-2499 g birth weight) infants during the first year of life in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multi-site Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration (LIFE) study was conducted from September 2019 to July 2021 and followed a cohort of MLBW infants from India, Malawi, and Tanzania from birth to 52 weeks of age. At follow-up visits conducted at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, 26, 39, and 52 weeks of age, mothers/caregivers were asked to recall the presence of diarrhea, fever, acute respiratory infections, and convulsions during the past week, and infant weight and length were assessed. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to evaluate study site and sociodemographic risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality, and also to assess the relationship between infant morbidity and anthropometric measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,121 MLBW infants were included in the analysis and 47 (4.2%) deaths were recorded by the age of 12 months. Preterm-appropriate-for-gestational age infants had approximately twice the risk of infant death compared to term-small-for-gestational age infants (RR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.05). Period prevalence of diarrhea and fever increased with infant age and differed by study site (p-values < 0.05). In time-varying analyses, reported diarrhea during the past week was associated with lower length-for-age z-score (LAZ) (mean difference (MD): -0.20; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.09), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) (MD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.16), and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) (MD: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.36, -0.12), while fever was associated with lower WAZ (MD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.06), and WLZ (MD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.08) but not LAZ at the concurrent study visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of death during the first year of life is high for MLBW, but differs by the contribution of prematurity and size-for-gestational age. Interventions that reduce the incidence of diarrhea and fever may improve the growth of MLBW infants.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The LIFE study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04002908).</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BASNEF behavioral transformation: effect of empowerment program on children's knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice of nail biting.","authors":"Zohour Ibrahim Rashwan, Hamida Ahmed Mostafa Darweesh, Fatma Ahmed Elsobky, Samah Abdallah Mohamed Amer, Mabrouka Attia Ali Nada","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05450-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05450-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nail-biting or onychophagia is a common phenomenon affecting children. Excessive nail biting is associated with several adverse consequences beyond mere appearance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an empowerment program based on the BASNEF model on children's knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and nail-biting practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the pediatric wards of Menoufia University Hospital and Benha University Hospital. A convenience sample of 135 children (6 to 18 years) was randomly assigned to the study or control group who received routine care. To effectively measure the dependent variables, four questionnaires were developed and tested for content validity, stability reliability and internal consistency. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified the underlying factors while the findings of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated a satisfactory fit. The researcher developed the session objectives, learning activities and designed a booklet with relevant content. The participants of the study group were divided into sub-groups (six children and their mothers) who attended four empowerment sessions based on the BASNEF model, emphasizing (a) age-appropriate information, (b) fostering a positive attitude towards quitting nail-biting, (c) discovering the subjective norms, perceived social expectations, and influences of nail-biting behaviors, and (d) equipping children with enabling factors to quit. The comparison between the two groups was done using the Mann-Whitney (U) test, while the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test conducted for the intragroup comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant improvement in knowledge about nail-biting among children in both groups and a noticeable decline in the nail-biting habits/practices among children in the study group (22.42 ± 5.69) compared to the control group (42.76 ± 6.75). The attitude scores towards nail-biting significantly improved among children in the study group compared to the control group with appositive impact on children's self-efficacy in controlling the habit (P < 0.001 for each).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The empowerment program based on the BASNEF model effectively improved children's knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice of nail biting.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>Trial registration number: NCT06471153, ClinicalTrails.gov, Retrospectively registered June 18th, 2024), URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06471153 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of home visiting interventions aimed at enhancing child mental health, psychosocial, and developmental outcomes in vulnerable families.","authors":"Sara Cibralic, Weng Tong Wu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Christa Lam-Cassettari, Susan Woolfenden, Jane Kohlhoff, Rebekah Grace, Lynn Kemp, Patrice Johnson, Elisabeth Murphy, April Deering, Shanti Raman, Valsamma Eapen","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05580-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05580-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous systematic reviews have shown home visiting interventions to be effective at improving a variety of parent and child outcomes. No review has, however, examined the impact of home visiting programs targeting child (aged 0-5 years) mental health, socioemotional and/or developmental outcomes in the context of families with high vulnerability and complex needs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to examine and synthesize the literature on home visiting programs administered by professionals/paraprofessionals for families with young children, high vulnerability, and complex needs. PsychInfo, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched through August 2023. A manual review was also undertaken of the reference lists of the articles selected for the review and the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness 2023 review/database. English language studies were included if they were evaluated with a group of participants (case studies were excluded), reported results of home visiting intervention targeted at improving mental health and psychosocial outcomes of caregivers and/or developmental outcomes for children (aged 0-4 years 11 months) of families with high vulnerability and complex needs. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed for risk of bias. Qualitative results were consolidated narratively while a meta-analysis was used to synthesize quantitative results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial searches identified 623 articles, of which 22 were included in the final review. Findings showed that 18 different home visiting interventions have been implemented with families with high vulnerability and complex needs, and that these interventions are effective at improving a variety of child outcomes. The meta-analysis showed that the weighted mean standardised effect sizes ranged from -0.31 to 0.20, with only one of the four outcomes (i.e., socioemotional and/or behavioural outcomes) being significantly different from 0 (standardised mean difference -0.31; 95% CI: -0.49, -0.13; z = 3.45, p = 0.00). High intervention variability and missing information meant that it was not possible to determine clear patterns regarding features that led to effective versus non-effective interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, results indicate that there is some evidence showing that home visiting interventions targeted at families with high vulnerability and complex needs can be effective at improving some child outcomes. More research is required to solidify findings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (PROSPERO) registration number CRD42023460366.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III in an infant presenting with intestinal perforation and low percentage of natural killer cells: first case report from Iran.","authors":"Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Samin Sharafian, Samin Alavi, Minoo Ahmadinejad, Negar Shams, Fatemeh Malek, Mohammad Saberi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05674-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05674-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leukocyte adhesion deficiency III (LAD III) is a very rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections without pus formation and bleeding syndrome of Glanzmann-type and life-threatening infections. The main etiology of this condition is variations in the FERMT3 gene, which encodes kindlin-3, an integrin-binding protein. We present a toddler with unique symptom of intestinal perforation followed by prolonged bleeding due to Glanzmann-like thrombasthenia who was diagnosed as LAD-III.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report presents a toddler with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III (LAD III), who was diagnosed because of protracted surgical wound and gastrointestinal bleeding following surgery for small bowel perforation at the age of 16 months. The patient's history was positive for febrile episodes after vaccinations, recurrent pulmonary infections, frequent severe epistaxis and ecchymotic purpuric lesions since early infancy. The presence of severe bleeding symptoms encouraged us to consider LAD III. Accordingly, sanger sequencing was performed which identified that the patient was homozygote for mutation in exon 14 of FERMT3 gene, the gene encoding for kindlin-3. Our patient also showed low percentages of CD16 and CD56 on peripheral blood flow cytometry, an unheard finding in LAD type III.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LAD III should be considered in differential diagnosis of any child with recurrent infections, persistent leukocytosis, and bleeding disorders. This is the first case of LAD III presenting with intestinal perforation. The present case also showed low percentage of natural killer cells which should be followed in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing machine learning models for predicting anemia among under-five children in Ethiopia: insights from Ethiopian demographic and health survey data.","authors":"Ali Yimer, Hassen Ahmed Yesuf, Sada Ahmed, Alemu Birara Zemariam, Endris Mussa, Nurye Sirage, Adem Yesuf, Abdulaziz Kebede Kassaw","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05659-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05659-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare practitioners require a robust predictive system to accurately diagnose diseases, especially in young children with conditions such as anemia. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can have severe consequences, potentially leading to serious complications and childhood mortality. By leveraging machine learning methods with extensive datasets, valuable and scientifically sound insights can be generated to address pressing health and healthcare-related challenges.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to identify the most effective machine-learning algorithm for predicting anemia among under five children in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data utilized in this study were sourced from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Six machine-learning models, comprising a classic logistic regression model along with random forest, decision tree, support vector machine, Naïve Bayes, and K-nearest neighbors, were employed to predict factors influencing anemia in children under five. The predictive capacities of each machine-learning model were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and various measures of model accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The random forest model demonstrated the highest accuracy among the algorithms tested, achieving an overall accuracy of 81.16%. The accuracy rates for the decision tree, support vector machines, Naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, and classical logistic regression models were 68.40%, 59.94%, 53.06%, 69.96%, and 54.79%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, the random forest algorithm emerged as the preferred model for predicting anemia in children under five. The model exhibited a specificity of 79.26%, sensitivity of 83.07%, positive predictive value of 80.02%, negative predictive value of 82.40%, and an area under the curve of 81.80%.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the causes of redo pull-through for recurrent constipation and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the Hirschsprung's disease: a single-center retrospective study and systematic review.","authors":"Jun Xiao, Shimin Yang, Lei Xiang, Bo Qin, Jingyi You, Mei Dong, Youshan Xie, Xuan Zhang, Xuyong Chen, Zejian Li, Honglin Li, Jiexiong Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05680-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05680-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gastrointestinal disorder. Pull-through (PT) surgery, the primary treatment, often leads to recurrent constipation. The causes of redo pull-through (redo-PT) for recurrent constipation remain unclear, with limited research on follow-up outcomes and prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched \"PubMed\" and \"Web of Science\" for references using the title/abstract terms \"Hirschsprung\" and \"Redo pull-through\". We enrolled patients from the literature review group and our retrospective group who underwent redo-PT for recurrent constipation. A comparative analysis was conducted between two groups based on the clinical information for redo-PT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 360 cases were collected from the references (327 patients) and our center (33 patients). Recurrent aganglionosis (RA) and Mechanical Obstruction (MO) were the primary reasons for redo-PT, accounting for 52.50% and 36.67%, respectively. When comparing the causes of redo-PT between the literature group and our center group, RA accounted for 49.85% and 75.76%, while MO accounted for 49.85% and 21.21%, respectively. Prognostic outcomes of 31 patients from our center were analyzed, revealing no significant associations between postoperative complications and gender, age, causes of redo pull-through, or surgical approach (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recurrent constipation requiring redo-PT are predominantly caused by RA and MO. Gender, age, causes of redo pull-through, or surgical approach do not affect the prognosis of redo-PT. The laparoscopic approach demonstrated superior cosmetic outcomes compared to the laparotomy approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an Arabic questionnaire to assess the knowledge of neonatal danger signs (AQ-KNDS) and its possible determinants among Arab population.","authors":"Esraa Abdellatif Hammouda, Suzan Abdel-Rahman, Marwa Abdelwahab Hassan, Marwa Abdelkarim, Engy Saad Abdelmoneim Elkaragy, Ayed A Shati, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy","doi":"10.1186/s12887-024-05286-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05286-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The neonatal period is the most dangerous time during which the newborn challenges the highest risk of death. This study aimed to develop a validated questionnaire to assess the knowledge of the population about neonatal danger signs (NDS) in Arab-speaking communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted; participants were recruited from the population visiting El-Raml Pediatric Hospital and El-Shatby Hospital in Alexandria in 2023.The study used Item Response Theory (IRT) techniques to evaluate the validity of the Arabic questionnaire. Various IRT models (1PL, 2PL, 3PLS) were employed to improve the scale's accuracy. To assess how the item response model fits the data, we used the M2 index and other fit indices (Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)). Additionally, item fit indices including Pearson's χ2 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were measured to determine how well each item fits the final model. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Additionally, we utilized a logistic regression model to identify the predictors of knowledge of the NDS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 283 participants were included, their mean age was 32.3 ± 8.62 years, 96.5% were female, 94.7% were currently married, 27.6% had a university or higher education, and 83.7% were of urban residence. The final questionnaire consists of 16 items. The best model was retained where its M2 statistics were comparatively low indicating that there was no significant difference between the model and the data (M2 = 84 with 88 degrees of freedom and a P = 0.688) with the following fit measures RMSEA = 0.001, AIC = 2650.04, BIC = 2825.7, and TLI and CFI were 1.0. Full information factor analysis indicated that the total proportion of variance extracted by the model was 63.7%. Multiple logistic regression indicated that the explanatory variables for the level of knowledge toward danger signs were female sex (AOR = 5.54, 95% CI:1.25-31.0, P = 0.034), age (AOR = 1.04. 95%CI:1.01-1.08, P = 0.025), and working outside the medical field (AOR = 3.26, 95%CI: 1.14-9.73, P = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed questionnaire is valid and reliable in informing public health policymakers about community awareness regarding NDS and implementing interventions to improve neonatal health and reduce newborn morbidity and mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents: a population-based analysis.","authors":"Yi Shi, Yang Wu, Jiezhi He, Yinjie Ling, Wenyuan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05653-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05653-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to use a population-based cohort to examine the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic and clinicopathological variables of pediatric patients diagnosed with NPC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2018). The survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate survival analysis used the log-rank test, whereas multivariate analysis used Cox proportional-hazards regression to find factors impacting overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 233 pediatric patients were analyzed, with a median age at diagnosis of 16 years (range: 7-19 years). The cancers primarily affected males (70.0%). In terms of grade, 8 (3.5%) patients were well and moderately differentiated, 31 (13.3%) patients were poorly differentiated, and 134 (57.5%) patients were undifferentiated. TNM stage and radiotherapy were significant independent predictors of overall survival. The risk of death was higher for M1 stage (hazard ratio (HR) 20.1, 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.0-50.5; P < 0.001) as compared to M0 stage. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed a significant survival advantage for radiotherapy treatment (HR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.09-0.68; P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NPC in children is rare and should be studied independently. This study found that TNM stage and radiotherapy were the most significant survival predictors, emphasizing the importance of these parameters in the prediction and treatment of pediatric NPC.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}