BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Severe combined immunodeficiency with BCG-osis by salvage therapy with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: cases report and literature review.","authors":"Yuqing Jiao, Quan Li, Zhi Chen, Li Yang, Zhuo Wang, Fang Tao, Yu Du, Xiuwen Xu, Zuofeng Li, Hao Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06127-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06127-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life among caregivers of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.","authors":"Sumayyah Nasiruddin Saudin, Ashfaq Abdulshakoor, Anthony Ngowi, Willbroad Kyejo, Nancy Matillya, James Orwa, Riaz Ratansi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06154-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06154-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social, communication, and cognitive domains of brain function. The unexpected challenges and specific needs related to caring for children with ASD often have a detrimental effect on the Quality of Life (QoL) of caregivers. In Tanzania, there is growing recognition of ASD, yet research on its impact on caregivers remains limited. This study seeks to assess QoL among caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD, and the associated sociodemographic factors. Findings from this study will help inform comprehensive interventions aimed at improving both, caregiver wellbeing and overall outcomes for families of children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 caregivers of children with ASD. Caregivers were recruited at two tertiary hospitals in urban Dar es Salaam from May to July 2023. The WHOQOL-BREF self-administered questionnaire was employed to assess caregivers' QoL. Sociodemographic data for both children and caregivers were analyzed using medians (interquartile range) and frequency (percentages). The WHOQOL-BREF results were summarized into four distinct domains, with each domain score compared across sociodemographic characteristics using independent t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for each QoL domain to evaluate significant associations between sociodemographic variables and QoL outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (79.2%) of caregivers reported having poor or average QoL, with impairments noted across all domains, particularly in the environment and social relationships domains. Significant negative predictors of caregiver QoL included older age (> 35 years), being separated or widowed, unemployment, and lack of formal education. Child-related factors associated with poorer caregiver QoL were older age (> 12 years), longer duration since diagnosis, and absence of school placement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By focusing on this fundamental yet overlooked aspect of ASD research, this study addresses an important gap in literature, highlighting the repercussions on wellbeing of caregivers as they play a critical role in nurturing children with ASD. This study calls for scaling up interventions and support programs aimed at addressing environmental and societal challenges faced by caregivers, in addition to thorough exploration of caregiver QoL through qualitative study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative delirium in pediatric patients after orthopedic surgery: a single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Yiwen Sun, Ying Han, Wenyan Dong, Xiaoyan Zhou, Qianrong Jiang, Yongmin Mao, Shuoxiong Wu, Guilong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06110-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06110-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative delirium (POD) in pediatric patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included pediatric patients aged 3-12 years who underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery and received single-shot caudal block combined with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups according to intraoperative adjuvant medication: dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) or sufentanil (0.1 µg/kg). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD, assessed by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores (r-FLACC scale) and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, 128 patients (64 pairs) were analyzed. The incidence of POD was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the sufentanil group (14.1% vs. 34.4%, p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that intraoperative dexmedetomidine was independently associated with a reduced risk of POD (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.74, p < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine also resulted in lower r-FLACC pain scores in the PACU and during the first 6 h postoperatively (all p < 0.01). No significant differences in hemodynamic changes or adverse events were observed between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraoperative dexmedetomidine significantly reduces the incidence of POD and improves early postoperative pain control in pediatric patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery, without increasing adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambulatory pediatric cochlear implantation: safety, efficacy, and feasibility - first multicentric Moroccan study on 681 children.","authors":"Amal Hajjij, Khadija Elbouhmadi, Oussama El Gamali, Anas Benjilali, Sara Benchikh, Amal Haoudar, Said Anajar, Loubna Taali, Chafik Elkettani, Khalid Snoussi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06169-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06169-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining barriers and challenges to child safety during driving from parents' perspectives: a qualitative content analysis.","authors":"Saeed Fallah-Aliabadi, Somayyeh Sadeghi, Ahad Heydari, Mahnaz Sanaeefar, Mehdi Raadabadi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06006-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06006-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal exposure to exogenous progesterone during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment.","authors":"Yanling Su, Hongjie Mao, Xin Chen, Yuanyuan Lin, Xiaodan Yu, Yiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05913-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05913-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of prognostic nutritional index and hgb/rdw level on morbidity in children with pneumonia.","authors":"Ozlem Ozcanli Cay, Ozlem Kemer Aycan","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06087-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumonia in children remains a significant public health concern as it records high cases of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. This research work is the first in the literature which systemically looks at the association of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as well as Hemoglobin/RDW (Hgb/RDW) ratio with morbidity in childhood pneumonia. No research so far has explored the prognostic value of PNI in children suffering from pneumonia, and hence this study seeks to bridge this critical knowledge gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study was conducted in Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital. The study included 150 children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and 150 healthy control subjects of similar age group. PNI was calculated using the formula \"(10 x serum albumin [g/dL]) + (0.005 x absolute lymphocyte count [x10^9/L])\". Hgb/RDW ratio was obtained by dividing hemoglobin value by RDW. Demographic data, laboratory findings and clinical observations were collected from all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PNI values of the pneumonia group were significantly lower than those of the control group (42.4 vs. 48.6, p < 0.001). In addition, low PNI (< 40) and high Hgb/RDW ratios were found to be significantly associated with length of hospitalization, need for oxygen support and need for mechanical ventilation. A strong negative correlation was found between PNI and length of hospital stay (r=-0.682, p < 0.001) and recovery time (r=-0.724, p < 0.001), while Hgb/RDW ratio was significantly associated with these clinical indicators. In the ROC analysis, the AUC value expressing the predictive power of PNI for pneumonia severity was 0.874.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In childhood pneumonia, both PNI and Hgb/RDW ratio may be effective markers for predicting disease severity and clinical course. Low PNI and high Hgb/RDW ratios have been associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased risk of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive role of maternal and umbilical cord triglyceride-glucose index on neonatal health in preeclamptic pregnancies: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Dilara Duygulu Bulan, Merve Ayas Ozkan, Ruken Dayanan, Zeynep Seyhanli, Gulsan Karabay, Eda Beydilli Sural, Aydan Sezgin, Mevlut Bucak, Seda Kunt, Zehra Vural Yilmaz","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06185-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06185-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictive value of maternal and umbilical cord blood triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This prospective case-control study included 43 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 45 normotensive controls. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were collected at the time of delivery to measure glucose and triglyceride levels. TyG index was calculated for both maternal and cord blood. Neonatal outcomes including Apgar scores, NICU admission, and composite neonatal morbidity were recorded. ROC analysis was performed to assess the predictive accuracy of TyG indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal and cord blood TyG indices were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that a cord blood TyG index > 7.59 predicted composite adverse neonatal outcomes with 92% sensitivity and 72% specificity (AUC: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96, p < 0.001). NICU admission rates and low Apgar scores were more frequent in the preeclampsia group, indicating a significant association between elevated TyG indices and adverse neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index, particularly when measured in umbilical cord blood, may serve as a useful predictor of adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. This easily accessible metabolic marker could support perinatal risk stratification and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with greater trochanteric overgrowth secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Kezhi Chen, Tianjiu Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06148-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06148-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic effects of ketogenic diet, lacosamide, and combination therapy in children with refractory epilepsy.","authors":"Qiming Pang, Bangtao Li, Suli Zhang, Jiaoyang Li","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06008-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06008-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intractable epilepsy in children poses significant clinical challenges due to limited efficacy of conventional anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), leading to persistent neurodevelopmental impairments. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of ketogenic diet (KD), lacosamide (LCM), and their combination on refractory epilepsy, with comprehensive assessment of seizure control, EEG dynamics (including epileptiform patterns and spectral characteristics), cognitive function, lipid metabolism, and endothelial health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety children with refractory epilepsy were divided into three treatment groups: KD (n = 30), LCM (n = 30), and KD + LCM (n = 30). Assessments included detailed EEG characterization (seizure types, interictal discharges, spectral bands), cognitive testing (attention/memory), lipid profiles, and endothelial markers at baseline, 3-, and 6-months post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The KD + LCM group showed superior seizure reduction at 3/6 months (t = 2.171, P = 0.035; t = 3.177, P = 0.003), with 76.7% achieving ≥ 50% interictal discharge reduction (P = 0.008) and 63.3% seizure type simplification (P = 0.003) at 6 months. Cognitive performance significantly improved (attention: Δ=-10.8 ± 2.0; memory: Δ=-9.4 ± 1.8; both P < 0.001), strongly correlating with frontal θ-band modulation (|r|>0.68). Combination therapy also enhanced α/β/δ/θ spectral power (P ≤ 0.019), improved lipid profiles, and restored endothelial function versus monotherapies (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KD and LCM combination therapy provides comprehensive benefits-superior seizure control, EEG normalization, cognitive enhancement, metabolic optimization, and vascular protection-making it a promising multimodal approach for refractory epilepsy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}