BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations among hospitalized COVID-19 children.","authors":"Reza Sinaei, Ali Hosseininasab, Parvin Abbaslou, Mazyar Zeinali, Elham Iranmanesh, Roya Sinaei, Keramat Rahmanian","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05599-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05599-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations have been reported as the most extra-pulmonary manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recognizing the various manifestations, especially as presenting symptoms of COVID-19 is of great importance. We aimed to investigate the GI and hepatic manifestations of COVID - 19 in children, determining the factors associated with the disease severity and prognosis related to GI symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, children aged 1-month to 16-years who were admitted to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran. for a period of one year (from October 2020 to October 2021) with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The comparison of clinical symptoms and laboratory variables in the appendectomy and non-appendectomy groups were evaluated. Patients' information was extracted from the patient's medical record and analyzed in SPSS statistical. software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 163 patients (107 boy and 56 girls) with mean age of 4.35 ± 3.86 (range 0.08 to 16) years were included. The most frequent GI symptoms at the time of admission were watery diarrhea (46.6%), vomiting (45.4%), and abdominal pain (32.5%). There was no significant relationship between clinical symptoms and laboratory variables in the appendectomy and non-appendectomy groups, but the severity of COVID-19 was significantly associated with appendicitis (P = 0.03). There was no statistically significant relationship between liver enzyme levels and disease severity and pediatric intensive care unit admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most COVID-19 patients present with GI manifestations, we could not determine the relationship between GI and hepatic manifestations and disease severity in this study.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal artery branch stenosis induced hypertension in children: a case series.","authors":"Hongwei Zhang, Yao Lin, Yang Liu, Mingming Zhang, Yanjun Deng, Gang Shen, Lin Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05637-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05637-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Renal artery branch stenosis induced hypertension (HTN) in children is rare and facing a great challenge in diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to summarize the clinical features and experience in diagnosis and treatment of these children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four children diagnosed with renal artery branch stenosis induced HTN in the Cardiovascular Department of Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics were retrospectively summarized with the clinical data, the process of diagnosis and treatment, and the prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients were male with the age of 8 ~ 9 years. All were diagnosed with stage 2 HTN and most had significant symptoms. Routine examinations showed no abnormalities. A slight perfusion defect in the kidney was observed on abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in all cases. Renal artery branch stenosis was clearly detected by selective renal artery angiography. One had stenosis in the interlobular artery of the kidney, and the remaining had secondary branches stenosis. In terms of treatment, two children underwent selective renal artery embolization (SRAE), one underwent dilation by microcatheter, and the other one did not undergo interventional therapy due to arterial segmental narrowing. More than one year after SRAE, the number of antihypertensive medications was cut down with the blood pressure (BP) level reduced to normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Renal artery branch stenosis should be considered in younger children with early onset of HTN and significantly elevated BP. Selective renal artery angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis. However, the treatment is challenging, and SRAE may be a better choice in some cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrauterine growth restriction and sugar consumption at two years of age in the BRISA cohort.","authors":"Liliana Yanet Gómez Aristizábal, Susana Cararo Confortin, Juliana Ramos Carneiro, Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto E Alves, Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05448-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05448-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alterations in insulin sensitivity in the fetus during pregnancy have been associated with IUGR and future increases in sweet food cravings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and sugar consumption at two years of age in the BRISA cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the pre-natal study and the follow-up of the BRISA cohort in the second year of life were used. The outcome assessed was sugar consumption, using three indicators: total energy from sugars, total grams of sugars and % of energy from sugars, analyzed continuously using a 24-hour recall (24 h). The exposure was IUGR, assessed as p50 and defined by the birth weight ratio (KRAMER et al., 1988), calculated by dividing the weight of the newborn by the weight corresponding to the 50th percentile of the birth weight for gestational age curve. To analyze the relationship between sugar consumption and IUGR, a propensity score based on the Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) for continuous treatment was used. To minimize the bias due to loss to follow up, the sample was weighted by the inverse of the probability of selection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 553 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. The mean birth weight was 3,291 g, with an IUGR rate of 15.19%. There was no association between IUGR and the percentage of energy intake that was derived from sugars. It was observed that infants without IUGR had a lower total energy intake of sugars (β: -11.29; 95%CI: -21.19; - 1.19) and a lower total gram intake of sugars (β: -1.89; 95%CI: -3.48; - 0.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IUGR infants had higher sugar intake at two years of age than non-IUGR infants, which means fetal growth restriction can affect eating behavior in later life, leading to the choice of highly palatable, energy-rich foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional rickets and its associated factors among under-five children in Assela referral and teaching hospital, Ethiopia: a hospital based cross-sectional study design.","authors":"Helen Abebe, Berhe Gebremichael, Assefa Desalew, Melat B Maruta, Addis Eyeberu, Jemal Ahmed Nure, Adera Debella, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Ibsa Mussa","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05665-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05665-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutritional rickets is a preventable skeletal disorder caused by deficiencies in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softening and weakening of bones. While it was once nearly eliminated in high-income countries, the resurgence of rickets in various parts of the world-particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)-reflects the ongoing challenges of malnutrition, inadequate healthcare, and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of nutritional rickets in the study area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to July 30, 2022, involving 442 children under the age of five who visited the pediatric ward, pediatric OPD, EPI, and pediatric emergency departments of referral and teaching hospitals in Assala, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. A checklist was used for chart reviews. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA version 18. Predictors of nutritional rickets were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the prevalence of nutritional rickets in the study area was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.90-5.70). Factors significantly associated with nutritional rickets included being male (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10-16.57), lack of information about rickets (AOR = 7.16, 95% CI: 4.22-12.68), and exposure to sunlight while fully dressed (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.05-5.28).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that nearly one in every twenty-five children in the study area is affected by nutritional rickets. Factors such as male sex, lack of information about rickets, and inadequate sun exposure due to full clothing were identified as significant risk factors. To prevent this condition, coordinated efforts from all relevant bodies are required. Additionally, raising awareness among mothers and caregivers, particularly through maternal education, is essential. Educated mothers are more likely to adopt improved childcare practices, which can reduce the incidence of nutritional rickets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic injuries among children: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of first aid among mothers in Arar, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Hanaa E Bayomy, Maha Mohammed T Alshalan, Wujud Khalid Alanazi, Ahad Falah M Alanazi, Fai Salamah Alanazi, Yasmin Saadi H Alenazi, Amal Ahmed Elbilgahy, Awwad Alenezy","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05583-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05583-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Home injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability in children worldwide. Home accidents strain the healthcare system and can hurt family income and children's quality of life. To save lives and avoid sequelae, parents and carers should be competent in giving emergency management to children engaged in house accidents.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine the pattern of home injuries affecting children (0-5 years old) in Arar City, to assess Saudi mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding first aid measures to be taken for injured children, and to identify some of the factors associated with mothers' level of KAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on Saudi mothers with under-five children in Arar, Saudi Arabia. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on recruited mothers' sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards home injuries and first aid measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the total 348 respondents, 24.7% demonstrated a high level of knowledge about domestic injuries, while 38.8% had a moderate level of awareness, and 36.5% had a low level of knowledge on the subject. Knowledge was associated with mother's age, educational level, employment, being married, high economic status and fewer number of children (P < 0.05). Regarding the attitude score, 28.5% demonstrated a good attitude towards domestic injuries, while 31.0% exhibited a fair attitude, and 40.5% had a poor attitude. However, the practice score revealed that most participants fall into the categories of good practice (37.1%) and Fair practice (30.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings revealed varying levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the respondents, with a significant portion demonstrating gaps in understanding and implementation of first aid measures. Factors such as age, marital status, type of residence, and family household income were found to be associated with levels of knowledge about first aid.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of complete atrioventricular septal defect in which extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be removed after performing the bilateral Glenn procedure for severe cardiac dysfunction after tricuspid valve replacement: a case report.","authors":"Hiroki Ishii, Yu Matsumura, Yuji Hamamichi, Yuya Komori, Naoki Wada, Tadahiro Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05654-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05654-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart disease (CHD) in which patients require surgery in early infancy. Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) is a complication that can occur a long time after intracardial repair for AVSD, and surgical intervention is occasionally necessary. However, to date, there have been no reports of TR occurring in the acute phase after surgery for AVSD in infancy. In addition, the mortality rate is high for patients with severe symptomatic TR who undergo surgical intervention to correct the tricuspid valve position.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient was a 17-year-old adolescent girl with severe scoliosis, who was diagnosed as having complete AVSD in the neonatal period owing to a heart murmur detected after birth. The 2-patch repair method was performed at 2-months old, but severe TR was presented from an early phase after the operation. In addition, myxomatous degeneration of the atrioventricular valve was observed as an intraoperative finding. Subsequently, the patient was admitted to our hospital owing to chest discomfort at 17-years old, and tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) was performed. As substantial deterioration of cardiac contraction was observed after the TVR, the patient was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, because it was subsequently difficult to remove the patient from ECMO, the bilateral Glenn procedure was performed to increase right ventricular (RV) protection. After the bilateral Glenn procedure, the patient's cardiac contractile function improved, and she could be taken off ECMO. The patient began treatment with 2new types of therapeutic agents for heart failure, and was discharged from our hospital on the 305th hospital day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If severe TR appears in a patient, it is important to intervene surgically at the asymptomatic phase with no dilatation of the RA. However, in cases of severe symptomatic TR in patients with CHD, the Glenn procedure might be a useful treatment strategy to increase RV protection.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis for measuring body composition and predicting low muscle mass in apparently healthy pediatric outpatients: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Qiongyao Hu, Qi Long, Wenqiao Wang, Ming Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05579-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05579-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle is a proposed indicator of sarcopenia in adults. This study assessed the body composition of pediatric outpatients without underlying medical conditions to evaluate the predictive value of the phase angle in identifying low muscle mass, a risk factor for pediatric sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses were performed separately for each sex among 480 pediatric outpatients aged 5-18 years. Body composition variables were compared between low and normal body mass index-for-age z-score (BMIz) groups, including correlation analysis between the phase angle and other variables. The receiver operating characteristic curves of the phase angle, body mass index, and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were compared to predict a severely low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), defined as an ASMI below - 1 or - 2 standard deviations based on sex- and ethnicity-specific reference curves derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The low BMIz group showed a greater prevalence of a low fat-mass percentage and severely low ASMI, accompanied by notable changes in fat mass, muscle mass, height-squared adjusted indices, body water, protein, visceral fat area, and the phase angle (P < 0.05) compared with the normal BMIz group. The phase angle exhibited moderate correlations (P < 0.001) with the FFMI and ASMI (positive) and the visceral fat area and the extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio (negative) but no or negligible correlation with fat mass, fat-mass percentage, the fat mass index, or minerals. The phase angle' area under the curve for predicting a severely low ASMI was 0.743-0.785 (sensitivity: 62.3-80.4%; specificity: 67.0-75.0%). The area under the curve of the FFMI was 0.853-0.931 (sensitivity: 78.4-92.9%; specificity: 79.6-87.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body composition can identify fat and muscle wasting in children with a normal BMIz. The phase angle moderately correlated with the FFMI, ASMI, visceral fat area, and ECW/TBW ratio. The phase angle is a reasonable, although not a surrogate, indicator of the sarcopenia risk in pediatric outpatients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic disparities in organized sports participation and physical activity among a population based sample of preschool children: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Charlotte Wilén, Viktor H Ahlqvist, Chu Chen, Martin Neovius, Cecilia Magnusson, Pontus Henriksson, Micael Dahlén, Erik Sander, Daniel Berglind","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05651-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05651-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Encouraging children to participate in organized sports could increase physical activity and may promote lifelong healthy habits. There are socioeconomic disparities in organized sports participation in school-aged children and adolescents. However, it is not known if these socioeconomic disparities exist among preschool-aged children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine (i) the association between organized sports participation and physical activity (ii) differences in organized sports participation according to socioeconomic status among preschool children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample was a representative population-based sample of 2935 preschool-aged children (48.3% girls; age range 2-6 years) in Stockholm, Sweden. Physical activity was measured using GT3X + accelerometers for one week at the fall of 2020 or in the spring of 2021 and organized sports participation was parent-reported. Parental education and a Stockholm based socioeconomic index were used to examine socioeconomic disparities. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between organized sports participation and physical activity and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the differences in organized sports participation over parental education and neighborhood socioeconomic index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population had a mean age of 4.5 years (SD = 0.9), consisted of 48.3% girls and spent in average 46.5 min (SD = 15.4) engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. Additionally, 1,658 children (56.5%) did not participate in organized sports. Participation in organized sports once a week or more was associated with a 2.8-min increase in average daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (95% CI; 1.56, 4.06), compared to not participating. Further, both living in a higher socioeconomic index area and higher parental education was associated with higher organized sports participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participation in organized sports indicates a modest contribution to physical activity among preschool-aged children. However, participation in organized sports varies according to neighborhood socioeconomic index and parental education. These findings highlight the importance of targeting organized sport participation according to socioeconomic gradients, to moderate inequities in access and opportunity to organized sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of oral diseases among adolescents in prisons in Taiwan: a population-based study.","authors":"Yu-Pei Yang, Ho-Tsung Hsin, Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke, Yen-Chun Wang, Bing-Long Wang, Pi-Ching Yu, Shi-Hao Huang, Ren-Jei Chung, Yao-Ching Huang, Tao-Hsin Tung","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05660-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05660-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of oral disease in Taiwanese adolescent prisoners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 1,610 participants from the National Health Insurance (NHI) Program. Outcomes were measured using the clinical version of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9-CM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence rate of oral diseases among adolescent prisoners in Taiwan was 29.38%, which was slightly higher among male (30.02%) adolescent prisoners than among female (27.34%) adolescent prisoners (p = 0.316). Among all the patients diagnosed with oral diseases, the top three disease categories were hard tissues of teeth diseases (19.01%), gingival and periodontal diseases (7.70%), and diseases of the oral soft tissues, excluding lesions specific for the gingiva and tongue (4.16%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral disease is not rare among Taiwanese adolescent prisoners. Early prevention and appropriate treatments are important. It is also essential to explore sex-specific needs for this subpopulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of haematological parameters for tuberculosis in children living with HIV (0-14 years): a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Yogesh M, Roshni Vamja, Parth Anilbhai Parmar, Naresh Makwana","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05655-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05655-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of tuberculosis (TB) in children living with HIV (CLHIV) is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and reducing disease transmission. This study aimed to evaluate the association between hematological parameters, including the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and anemia status, and the presence of TB in CLHIV aged 0-14 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort follow-up study included data from 276 CLHIV registered at the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Centre of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gujarat, India, from January 2009 to March 2024. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Logistic regression models were developed to assess the predictive ability of hematological parameters for TB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the study population, 56.9% had moderate anemia, and 11.2% had severe anemia. Children with TB had significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels, higher absolute neutrophil counts, and higher median MLR (0.460 ± 0.117 vs. 0.167 ± 0.143, p = 0.001) and NLR ratios (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.7 ± 0.7, p = 0.001) compared to those without TB. Model 1 (MLR and anemia status) showed that individuals with a greater MLR ratio had 15.62 times higher adjusted odds of having TB (95% CI: 6.84-35.67, p < 0.001). Model 2 (NLR and anemia status) revealed that a high NLR ratio was associated with 17.28 times higher adjusted odds of TB (95% CI: 7.41-40.35, p < 0.001). Model 3 (MLR, NLR, and anemia status) demonstrated the best predictive ability (AUC = 0.892, accuracy = 88%, sensitivity = 94.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher MLR and NLR ratios were associated with increased odds of having TB in CLHIV. The combination of these hematological parameters, along with anemia status, exhibited promising predictive ability for TB in this population. These findings highlight the potential utility of routinely available hematological parameters in predicting TB disease in CLHIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}