BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the mental health challenges of children with autoimmune thyroiditis.","authors":"Yomna Ahmed Hosni, Marise Abdou, Mennat-Allah Tarek, Basant Ahmed Abd El-Alim","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06109-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06109-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune thyroid disease is a common autoimmune disorder affecting the pediatric age group with a wide array of clinical presentations. Psychiatric symptoms may occur in association with autoimmune thyroiditis. This area has scarcely been explored in the pediatric age group. This study aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory features of autoimmune thyroid disease and to assess their behavioral characteristics and health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the records of 134 children up to the age of 18 years, who were following up in the Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU) at Abo El Rish El-Mounira Children's Hospital, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University. Data collected from their medical records included clinical and laboratory parameters, including thyroid antibodies and thyroid ultrasound. Out of 134 patients' records, 47 consented to participating in a psychiatric evaluation. Data obtained from theses evaluations was compared to that of 50 healthy matched control subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the study group was 9.38 with IQR (7.16-11.68) years at the initial presentation of the illness. Goiter was the most prevalent presenting symptom in 26.1% of the cohort. Most of them (48.5%) were on thyroid replacement therapy (levothyroxine). Forty-seven of the patients consented to participate in a psychiatric evaluation. The patients had higher emotional and behavioral conduct problems scores than the controls with median and IQR [6 (4-80 and 4 (2-5)] versus [3 (1-5) and 2 (1-4)] with significant p-values of < 0.001 and 0.001 respectively on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Additionally, the cases had lower physical well-being with a median of 3.25 and IQR (2.25-4.25) than the controls with a median of 4 and IQR (3.5-4.5) with a p-value of 0.014 on the KINDLR-parents' version.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autoimmune thyroid disorders affecting the pediatric population can lead to emotional and conduct problems. Also, it affected their quality of life as they showed lower physical well-being scores. This should encourage earlier and thorough assessment of their psychological status and prompt management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic overuse in a contemporary cohort of children hospitalized with influenza, RSV, or SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Mrinmoyee Kalasikam, Natalia Jimenez-Truque, Anisa B Kloek, Ritu Banerjee","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06165-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06165-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children hospitalized with viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are often prescribed antibiotics due to concern for bacterial co-infection, although most do not have concurrent bacterial infections. This unnecessary antibiotic treatment can lead to bacterial resistance and adverse events. The extent of antibiotic overuse in hospitalized children with community-onset viral LRTIs has not been described in recent years. To identify antibiotic stewardship opportunities in this population, we quantified the extent of antibiotic overtreatment and determined predictors of antibiotic use among children hospitalized with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a single-center retrospective study evaluating antibiotic use and culture-confirmed bacterial co-infection among children and adolescents hospitalized with influenza, RSV, or COVID-19 between April 2020 and May 2023. Predictors of antibiotic treatment were determined using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1,718 patients (influenza: 188; RSV: 1,022; COVID-19: 535). Patients with RSV were younger and more likely to be in intensive care. While only 8% of patients had culture-confirmed bacterial co-infection, the proportion receiving antibiotics was high and varied by virus (influenza: 60.6%, RSV:41.2%, COVID-19: 48.6%, p < 0.001). Independent predictors for receipt of > 3 days of antibiotics were elevated inflammatory markers, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, influenza infection, and a concurrent non-respiratory infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In children hospitalized with community-onset viral LRTIs, antibiotic treatment is substantially higher than the burden of culture-confirmed bacterial infection, especially for influenza, suggesting antibiotic overuse and antibiotic stewardship opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatment modalities available for children afflicted from cystic fibrosis.","authors":"Thamer Alshami Marghel Alruwaili, Muhannad Faleh Alanazi, Bashayer Farhan Alruwaili, Hamada K Fayed, Mahmoud Elsaeed, Talal Difallah Alnazi, Ahmad Aljared, Aasheq M W Alanazi, Abdulrahman M Alanazi, Saleh Dhifallah Alsharari, Amirah Alshammari, Khaled Saad","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06161-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06161-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment modalities in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and determine the superiority of specific treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using different search strings across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, WOS, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, up to October 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies and cohort studies were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The triple therapy indicated a significant reduction in CF-related complications, with an OR of 0.29 and an RR of 0.54, accompanied by low heterogeneity (I² = 0% for both). Physiotherapy and pulmonary exercises also yielded a beneficial effect, with an OR of 0.24 and an RR of 0.49, without heterogeneity. In contrast, nutritional interventions revealed non-significant outcomes (OR = 6.91 and RR = 2.63), suggesting the need to re-evaluate these strategies. Ivacaftor alone did not achieve statistical significance (OR = 0.34 and RR = 0.58), and the confidence intervals were broad, indicating uncertainty in the effect estimates. Azithromycin exhibited a positive effect on CF management, with an OR of 2.37 and an RR of 1.54. The overall pooled OR across all treatments was 0.71, with an RR not computed due to substantial heterogeneity (I²=93%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the effectiveness of certain treatments, such as triple therapy and physiotherapy exercises, for CF while highlighting the considerable variability in treatment outcomes. Notably, nutritional interventions need to be carefully reassessed. The findings emphasize integrating physiotherapy and targeted pharmacological interventions into standard CF management tailored to individual needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of community-based treatments for asthma in children.","authors":"Yanyan Li, Ming Ren, Yajuan Wang, Xiaomi Qi, Hui Wang, Na Liang, Tianyang Ren, Lihong Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06048-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06048-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to appraise and compare the influence of community‑based interventions (C-BIs) for childhood asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined meta-analysis data and employed dichotomous or continuous random or fixed-effect models to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This review examined 13 papers that included a total of 8824 people with asthma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with C-BI had significantly lower asthma-connected emergency department visits (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.22-0.39, p < 0.001), hospitalizations (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.15-0.40, p < 0.001), duration of asthma symptoms (MD, -2.56; 95% CI, -2.84- -2.28, p < 0.001), nighttime asthma symptoms (MD, -2.14; 95% CI, -2.94- -1.34, p < 0.001), and use of bronchodilator (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.16-0.51, p < 0.001), and higher use of asthma action plan (OR, 8.87; 95% CI, 3.85-20.45, p < 0.001) compared to children without C-BI in asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with C-BI had significantly lower asthma-related emergency department visits, hospitalization duration of asthma symptoms, night-time asthma symptoms, and use of bronchodilators, and a higher use of asthma action plans compared to children without C-BI in asthma. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of studies involved in the comparisons, their values warrant careful consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontline therapy combining with intrathecal dexamethasone effectively alleviate immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome in pediatric relapsed B-ALL receiving pCAR-19B-cases report.","authors":"Lu Cao, Min Zhou, Zhequn Wei, Ruixin Zhu, Hongmei Chen, Libing Zhou, Shaoyan Hu, Zhengjiang Bai, Shuiyan Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06118-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06118-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and validation of an automated time label segmentation method for infant cries.","authors":"Qiongfang Cao, Min Huang, Xiuju Zhu, Yuling Duan, Qicheng Shu, Xi Huang, Xun Guo, Fangfagn Liu, Ziyu Hua, Fan Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06071-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06071-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infant cries serve as critical indicators of an infant's physiological and psychological states, holding essential clinical value in distinguishing between normal and pathological conditions during early development. However, most studies on infant cries failed to segment between inhalation and exhalation during the crying analysis because segmentation remains great challenge. Therefore, we developed an audio data analysis tool capable of accurately segmenting inhalation and exhalation phases in infant cries, followed by extraction of the duration, frequency, and intensity parameters of each segment. Here, 226 sound clips of infants' cries were collected and analyzed. The results revealed the significant differences in sound parameters between premature and term infants. The whole process allows automatic identification and digital collection of infant cries, and it provides an objective method to evaluate the significance behind the cries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Duong Anh Dang, Thuan Van Nguyen, Dung Thi Thu Nguyen, Dung Thi Pham, Phuong Thi Ha Nguyen, Thuong Duc Nguyen, Tuan Anh Pham, Dung Thi Thuy Le, Mung Thi Ngo, My Ha Nguyen, Hien Hai Dao, Son Hong Pham, Mai Thi Thanh Nguyen, Ha Thi Thu Tran, Son Ngoc Do, Ngoc Huy Nguyen, Chinh Quoc Luong","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06108-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06108-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has a high mortality rate, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate mortality rates and associated factors in CDH neonates in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included CDH neonates admitted to a central children's hospital in Vietnam between November 2021 and September 2023. We collected data on neonates' characteristics, management, complications, and outcomes, comparing these data between survivors and non-survivors. We also employed logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 74 neonates with CDH, 64.9% (48/74) were male. The hospital mortality rate was 50.0% (37/74). The median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]: 38-39), and the median age at admission was 5.2 h (IQR: 3.0-15.8). All neonates were referred from various prior hospitals, with 83.8% (62/74) requiring immediate postnatal intubation. The neonates presented in critical condition, as reflected by a median pre- and post-ductal SpO₂ difference of 2.5% (IQR: 1.0-10.0), a mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of 51.7 mmHg (standard deviation: 18.3) on admission, and a median Oxygenation Index at 6 h of life of 13.3 (IQR: 6.8-28.2). The median peak Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) during surgical intensive care unit stay was 35.0 (IQR: 15.0-80.0). High-frequency oscillatory ventilation was used as the initial ventilatory mode in 52.7% (39/74) of cases. Supportive therapies included vasopressors (84.9%; 62/73), inotropic agents (29.6%; 21/71), inhaled nitric oxide (13.5%; 10/74), Ilomedin (29.7%; 19/64), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (6.8%; 5/74). Surgical repair was performed in 70.3% (52/74) of neonates. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified higher peak VIS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.061; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-1.113; p = 0.017) and elevated admission PASP (AOR: 1.140; 95% CI: 1.041-1.247; p = 0.005) as independent predictors of hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this selected cohort of CDH neonates admitted to a central children's hospital in Vietnam, a high hospital mortality rate was observed. The findings suggest that limited access to neonatal intensive care and surgical repair may have influenced outcomes, warranting further evaluation in similar resource-limited settings to improve care strategies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial meningitis in children: a decade of clinical insights.","authors":"Osman Oguz Demir, Kubra Aykac, Ertugrul Sancak, Burcak Bilginer, Ali Bulent Cengiz, Yasemin Ozsurekci","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06098-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06098-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical characteristics, microbiology, treatment and outcomes of Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) meningitis with/without ventriculitis in children are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All hospitalized patients with GNB meningitis in a tertiary care university hospital between January 2012 and December 2022 were retrospectively recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 10-year study period, 55 GNB meningitis were identified. The median age was 28 months. The majority were male (65.5%), while 29.1% had a history of prematurity, and 25.5% were primarily diagnosed with malignancy. Acinetobacter spp. (22%) and Pseudomonas spp. (20%) were the leading causative agents of meningitis, followed by Klebsiella spp. (18%) and Escherichia coli. (16%). Neurosurgical operation history in the last month (71%) appears to be one of the most common contributing factors and time from previous neurosurgery to meningitis episode was median 12 days. Both ventriculoperitoneal shunt or external ventricular drainage were present in 45 (82%) cases. While the combination of meropenem and ciprofloxacin was the most commonly used intravenous treatment, colistin was mostly used in five episodes (4/5 survived) intraventricular/intrathecal way. Infection-related mortality was 13% and deaths were commonly seen in cases infected with Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Managing GNB meningitis is challenging due to poor CSF penetration of many antibiotics and rising multidrug resistance. Given the evolving resistance patterns, particularly the persistence of penicillin resistance and the emergence of carbapenem resistance, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is essential. This allows for timely adaptation of empiric therapy protocols and supports effective infection control strategies. Although surgical procedures and catheter use were not significantly associated with mortality in our cohort, these remain key risk factors for the development of Gram-negative meningitis and ventriculitis. Therefore, strict adherence to aseptic technique is essential for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood-onset primary Sjögren's Syndrome presenting as nephrotic syndrome: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Yuanjin Song, Lili Sun, Guangmei Cui, Dongning Feng, Qing Sun, Yibing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric primary Sjögren's syndrome typically presents with oral and ocular dryness, along with a broad spectrum of extraglandular manifestations affecting multiple organ systems. Among renal manifestations, tubulointerstitial nephritis is most commonly observed, whereas glomerular involvement is exceedingly rare.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of an 8-year-old girl referred for evaluation of persistent foamy urine. Laboratory investigations revealed significant proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Kidney biopsy confirmed membranous nephropathy. Further evaluation indicated ocular involvement, evidenced by positive Schirmer's I test and reduced tear film break-up time. A labial salivary gland biopsy demonstrated focal lymphocytic infiltration. The patient was diagnosed with primary Sjögren's syndrome and was treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, resulting in a favorable outcome and remission of proteinuria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the diverse clinical spectrum of primary Sjögren's syndrome and highlights the potential for rare glomerular involvement in children. It emphasizes the need for heightened awareness among pediatric healthcare providers regarding the systemic manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome to prevent delayed diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pediatric UTIs in the West bank, Palestine: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tala Amleh, Aseel Salah, Reem Hamayel, Bayan A Ibrahim, Hamza Sayeh, Suha Hamshari, Mohammad Qadi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-06054-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-06054-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}