Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research最新文献

{"title":"The Development and Role of Micro Biome in Infant Gut: An Overview of Recent Literature","authors":"Sanjay Kumar Azad, X. Ben","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"More than 1 trillion microbes living inside and outside of our body environment throughout our life is microbiome, the interplay between microorganisms and the intestine of new born infant is associated with diverse functional and clinical outcomes that result from the specific interaction among microbial communities, their products and the unique characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome, the study of its origins and establishment of the neonatal gut microbiome beginning in utero and how it is affected by nutritional status (breast feeding versus formula feeding) and other by delivery mode (cesarean section versus vaginal delivery), environmental factors (inside and outside utero), gestational age (term versus preterm), use of antibiotics. This review is aimed at reporting the most recent knowledge of microbiota origin and development in the human newborn and on the multiple factors influencing development and maturation of microbiota including the use and misuse of antibiotics and use of probiotic. Methods: To evaluate the evidence based overview of recent literature about the development and role of microbiome in infant gut, the following key search terms were used: Infant, microbiome and influencing factors. Infant development and microbiome - microbiota effect and infant gut: The criteria for the search were limited to systematic reviews, meta-analysis, case studies, randomized control trials. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, web of science, from 1990 to 2015. Subjects, age and research in humans limited the search. Originally 596 references were obtained among them 47 were sent to trash and the rest systematic articles and reviews were used for the over view for recent literature.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road Traffic Injuries and Road Safety Measures-Can We Do Any Better?","authors":"M. Morgado, Filipa Jalles, S. Lobo, F. Abecasis, Miroslava Gonçalves","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death under 30 years, causing over a million deaths every year. Helmets, seat-belts and child-restraints have an important role in death and injury prevention. Our purpose was to analyze how safety measures relate to pediatric polytrauma severity in road traffic injury. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, including polytraumatized pediatric patients, hospitalized after road traffic accidents, from January 2011 to December 2015. Comparison groups were classified according to protective equipment use. Logistic regression and generalized liner models describe the probability of safety equipment use, head trauma, higher injury severity score and permanent sequelae. Results: Of a total of 149 inpatients, 63.8% were male with a median age of 11 years. Absence of personal protective equipment was predictive for head trauma (p-value=0.014) and diffuse axonal injury associated with neurologic sequelae and death (p-value<0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed a higher risk of protective equipment misuse in unsupervised children and in two-wheel accidents (p-value<0.05). Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were inversely proportional (p-value<0.001). Sequelae were more frequent with lower GCS (p<0.001) and diffuse axonal lesion (p<0.001). Conclusions: Despite increasing alertness, helmet use in road accidents remains limited, reflecting on head trauma severity and subsequent neurological impairment. Absence of protective equipment on car collisions provoked more severe injury scores and prolonged hospital stay. In the \"Decade of Action for Road Safety\" we still find important handicaps in road safety measures, demanding more effective laws and alerting campaigns.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46400961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shwartz Jampel Syndrome: Rarest of the Rarest Case/A Rare Cause of Blepharospasm","authors":"V. Badlani, M. Rajan, Senthil T. Nathan, Bina John, Shreyas N. Shah","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of 4 year old girl presenting with the inability to open her left eye, which was identified as blepharospasm. She was also found to have pursed lips, micrognathia and puckered facial appearance, all of which are characteristic of Schwartz jample syndrome. Schwartz jample syndrome is a rare disorder that harbors a mutation in the HSPG gene on chromosome 1.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44896767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants for Acute Malnutrition among Under-Five Children at Public Health Facilities in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Teshome Abuka, Dawit Jember, Desalegn Tsegaw","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Childhood poor nutritional status continues to be a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. Despite the high magnitude of childhood acute malnutrition, previously there is no study conducted to determine risk factors for acute malnutrition in Gedeo Zone. Thus, the main aim of this study was to identify risk factors for acute malnutrition among under-five children in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: The unmatched case-control study was conducted on 451 under-five children (151 cases and 300 controls). Data were collected through interviewer-administered the structured questionnaire and measuring midupper arm circumference. Statistical package for social science version 20 software was used for data entry and analysis. Odds Ratio along with 95% the confidence interval was estimated using the multivariable logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. Result: Determinants identified for acute malnutrition among under five children were; diarrheal diseases (AOR=3.601 CI=(1.36, 9.53)), complimentary feeding started before 6 months or late after 6 months (AOR=4.4, CI=(1.6, 11.84)), household monthly income <750 ET.BRR, (AOR=4.6 CI=(1.1, 21.6)), maternal illiteracy (AOR=4.18, CI=(1.36, 12.8)), merchant mothers (AOR=7.45 CI=(2.6, 21.2)), mothers’/care givers’ infrequently hand washing (AOR=5.4 CI (1.15, 25.8)) and family size more than four (AOR=5.9, CI (2.1, 16.7)). Conclusion: In this study, socio-demographic and behavioral factors were identified as determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children. Therefore; collaborative effort is needed to prevent diarrhea among underfive children, promote hand washing practice, create mass awareness about complementary feeding, make family planning methods available and empower women.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Relative to Body Mass Index among School Children in Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Alhusaini","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased time spent on sedentary activities and decreased time spent on physical activities has been linked with lower levels of energy expenditure, overweight, obesity, and increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. During the past few years, rapid improvements in living standards, mechanization and urbanization has a profound impact in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia resulting in low levels of physical activity and sedentary living. Therefore the purpose of the research is to provide basic data of subjectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior of the Saudi school children in relation with BMI. \u0000Methods: This study used cross sectional survey of 357 school children aged 10-16 years (82 boys and 275 girls) recruited from different schools in central Riyadh between 2015 and 2016. Demographic information such as age, gender, weight, height was obtained from each participant. Sedentary behavior was recorded as time spent on activities such as TV viewing, playing video games, computer use and homework, and physical activity was assessed using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), and Godin leisure- time exercise questionnaire. \u0000Results: Majority of participants were girls (77%). Values of body fat expressed as percentiles of body mass index of appropriate age and height were used as criteria to stratify the sample. The sample proportion stratified based on percentile of body weight constituted of 5.3% of underweight (19), 54.6% of normal (195), 18.8% of overweight (67) and 23% of obese (76) children. A high proportion (68.3%) of Saudi school children spent more than 2 hours on screen time (TV+PC) daily. PAQ-C reported 26.3% are less active, 51.5% are moderately active and 22.1% are highly active. Using ANOVA, no significant variation was shown in PAQ-C scores in relation to BMI. PA findings by Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire concluded that 70.3% are insufficiently active, 20.4% are moderately active and 9.2% are active. Analysis done by Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant difference observed in Godin moderate scores (P=0.01) and total scores (P=0.03) but not in other subcategories (strenuous, mild, Sweat) in relation to BMI. \u0000Conclusion: Sedentary behaviors, physical inactivity and increased BMI among Saudi school children are the major public health concerns. There is an urgent need for national policy promoting active living and healthy eating and reducing sedentary behaviors among children in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0665.1000312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43916514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrinsic Iron Staining in Infant Teeth from Vitamin Supplement Containing Iron","authors":"A. Gailey, Gerardo do Rivera Silva, H. R. M. Menchaca","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000I121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000I121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41882751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floppy Infant with Respiratory Failure: A Case of Infantile Polymyositis","authors":"Premlatha R, Divya S, Gayathri N","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"An eleven month old infant presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness, hypotonia and elevated creatinekinase. Muscle biopsy showed inflammatory changes suggestive of polymyositis. Infantile polymyositis, an inflammatory myopathy affecting children under 1 year of age is a rare disorder but potentially treatable. Early diagnosis is crucial for better outcome.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46457644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolyte Imbalance Caused by Diuretic Therapy in Infants with Congenital Heart Diseases","authors":"K. Ogawa, F. Kawachi, Takuma Mori, K. Hoshino","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although furosemide and spironolactone are widely used to treat heart failure in infants and children because of their effectiveness and few side effects, there have been no prospective studies about the frequency and degree of serum electrolyte abnormality after the use of diuretics in pediatric patients. \u0000Methods: We prospectively studied 126 infants at our outpatient clinic aged less than 2 months old with left-toright shunt who received oral diuretics. All patients were started on furosemide at 0.5~3 mg/kg/day and spironolactone at 0.5~2 mg/kg/day, orally divided into two or three doses according to the degree of congestive heart failure. \u0000Results: Serum sodium level ranged from 128 to 142 mEq/L (mean 136 mEq/L) and was 6.0 mEq/L) was complicated in 19 patients. Eighteen patients with sodium levels of <134 mEq/L after diuretics showed lower body weight at the start of diuretics and lower postnatal age than the patients with serum sodium levels ≥ 134 mEq/L. \u0000Conclusion: Although neither severe hyponatremia nor hypokalemia developed, there were a few patients with prolonged hyponatremia after diuretic therapy. It seems to be preferable to monitor serum electrolyte levels carefully after the start of diuretic therapy in infants with congenital heart disease.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0665.1000313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70477525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Particulate Dosage Forms for Pediatric Use","authors":"María Esther Martínez-Terán, Thanh Huong Hoang-Thi, M. Flament","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, regulations on pediatric medicines have induced an increased need for research into novel childappropriate dosage forms. Indeed, children cannot be considered as « small adults » as they present different anatomical and physiological characteristics. Whatever the route of administration, the age-appropriateness of the formulation is of major importance and has to be taken into consideration. The development of new pediatric dosage forms encounters technical complexities such as dose modification, ease of administration/swallowing, tastemasking, chemical and physical stability, preservation, considerations of a multi-phase and/or multi-use product, packing, providing/designing the measuring device. Innovations are important and the research of new ways to deliver medicines tends to improve compliance, convenience and pharmacokinetic. Recently, the World Human Organization recommended that small sized solid forms or orally disintegrating solid forms should be favored. Solid multi-particulate systems such as pellets have the advantage to cover a broad range of doses for different patients. Dose adjustment can be accurately done by means of dosing device such as a multi-particulate counting device. Developing multi-particulate dosage form with fast disintegration can be useful for children as they present both advantages of solid and liquid formulations. This led to the concept of Orally Disintegrating Tablet which disintegrates rapidly in the mouth into small particles or pellets. Their small size enables them to be well distributed along the gastrointestinal tract improving the bioavailability while reducing local drug concentration, risk of toxicity and side effects. They offer easy swallowing and dose flexibility for pediatric patients and caregivers. The promising results of our fast disintegrating pellets used in multi-particulate dosage forms indicate that they might be the base of a solid platform technology for pediatric medicines.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0665.1000314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43670207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Children with Down Syndrome using the Xbox 360® Console","authors":"G. V. Brito, Alef Aparecido Alves-Rodrigues, J. Dionisio, C. Lopes, Franciely Fern, E. Andrade, Fern, A. Canuto","doi":"10.4172/2161-0665.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Down syndrome is characterized by a delay in the development of motor function. Games with interactive technology are shown as a new type of therapy that assists motor learning and postural control. \u0000Objective: To evaluate the variables of gross motor coordination, balance and postural reaction of children with Down syndrome during the performance of virtual games through the X-Box 360® console. \u0000Methodology: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Human Beings (795,905). Nine children with Down syndrome based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. After signing the consent form Clarified, general data were collected from children such as anthropometry, vital data, among others. After this procedure the children were directed to a room and positioned within a rectangle demarcated to execute the games, being disregarded the actions when the child leaves the rectangle. The \"leaks\" and \"rapids\" games of X-Box 360® were selected, where children should play at the levels, basic, intermediate and advanced. After this procedure the variables gross motor coordination, balance and postural reaction were qualitatively analysed by the images captured from three cameras arranged in the place. \u0000Results: Parametric Student's T test (<0.05) and the Kruskal Walls test was used. When comparing the variables coordination, balance and postural reaction, there was significant difference between coordination and balance (t: 3.11, p: 0.04) and coordination and postural reaction (t3, 17, p: 0.04), identifying greater difficulty in gross motor coordination of children during the Xbox games. Regarding difficulty levels, there was no significant difference. \u0000Conclusion: We suggest that children with Down syndrome present difficulties of gross motor coordination when compared to the balance and postural reaction during the execution of virtual games by the independent X-box in the difficulty level of the games.","PeriodicalId":91373,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics & therapeutics : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0665.1000315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}