The Development and Role of Micro Biome in Infant Gut: An Overview of Recent Literature

Abstract

More than 1 trillion microbes living inside and outside of our body environment throughout our life is microbiome, the interplay between microorganisms and the intestine of new born infant is associated with diverse functional and clinical outcomes that result from the specific interaction among microbial communities, their products and the unique characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome, the study of its origins and establishment of the neonatal gut microbiome beginning in utero and how it is affected by nutritional status (breast feeding versus formula feeding) and other by delivery mode (cesarean section versus vaginal delivery), environmental factors (inside and outside utero), gestational age (term versus preterm), use of antibiotics. This review is aimed at reporting the most recent knowledge of microbiota origin and development in the human newborn and on the multiple factors influencing development and maturation of microbiota including the use and misuse of antibiotics and use of probiotic. Methods: To evaluate the evidence based overview of recent literature about the development and role of microbiome in infant gut, the following key search terms were used: Infant, microbiome and influencing factors. Infant development and microbiome - microbiota effect and infant gut: The criteria for the search were limited to systematic reviews, meta-analysis, case studies, randomized control trials. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, web of science, from 1990 to 2015. Subjects, age and research in humans limited the search. Originally 596 references were obtained among them 47 were sent to trash and the rest systematic articles and reviews were used for the over view for recent literature.