Brain injury最新文献

{"title":"Developmental considerations in hydrocephalus after traumatic brain injury in children: a narrative review.","authors":"Olubunmi A Fariyike, Laura S Blackwell, Paolo Frassanito, Rafael T Holmgren, Amit Chakrabarty, Lucio De Maria, Virenda Deo Sinha, Jai Trivedi, Garlynd Johnson, Deepak K Gupta, Emma C Walson, Nina Fainberg, Maria Muhammad, Leslie Velasquez, Myer Khan, Saya P Brahma, Bethany Chern, Anna V Baer, Jacob R Lepard, Youssef M Zohdy, Nealen Laxpati, Meena S Verma, Mahwish Javed, Laura Lippa, Opara Oluwamayowa, Dong Van He, Amos O Adeleye, Lynne Lourdes N Lucena, Insa Katrin Janssen, P David Adelson, Elham Rostami, Corrado Iaccarino, Andrew Reisner","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2636707","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2636707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is an uncommon but serious complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although extensively studied in adults, important developmental differences in the pediatric central nervous system contribute to differing PTH pathophysiology, with important differences in diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review synthesizes current evidence regarding pediatric PTH, with specific attention to the influence of pediatric developmental pathophysiology on disease susceptibility, diagnosis, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Key takeaways: </strong>Pediatric-specific data on PTH remain limited; however, recent studies suggest that younger age - particularly under five years at injury - as well as injury severity are the two strongest predictors of PTH development. Clinically, PTH may present acutely with neurological deterioration or chronically with delayed recovery and neurodevelopmental regression. Early recognition is critical, as untreated PTH can lead to lifelong neurological dysfunction and even death, yet diagnosis is often delayed by symptom overlap with other posttraumatic conditions and difficulties in distinguishing true hydrocephalus from ventriculomegaly. Management is primarily surgical and centers on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, most commonly with external ventricular drainage (EVD) in the acute phase and permanent shunting or ventriculostomy in select cases. Despite timely intervention, long-term morbidity remains substantial, underscoring the importance of prevention, early detection, and multidisciplinary follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"558-565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effects of melatonin postconditioning in cerebral ischemia may be mediated through the modulation of FUNDC1 and Bnip3 levels.","authors":"Gulnur Aslan, Ozgur Bulmus, Mehmet Tuzcu, Ebru Gokdere, Kezban Can Sahna, Kazim Sahin, Engin Sahna","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2638954","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2638954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics - as one of the endogenous defense mechanisms against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury - has been considered promising. This study aimed to determine which mitophagy-related signaling pathways (parkin, Bnip3, or FUNDC1) mediate the protective effects of postconditioning (PostC) and melatonin, both of which enhance the intrinsic defense capacity of cerebral tissue. In addition, microRNA-137 and microRNA-145, as well as serum asprosin, a novel glucogenic adipokine, levels were analyzed in cerebral IR injury.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Rats were divided into four groups: control (sham), IR, IR+PostC and IR+Mel(n:10). After 90 minutes of occlusion, PostC was performed at the onset of reperfusion in three cycles of 30-sec reperfusion, followed by 10-sec ischemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All parameters involved in mitophagy pathways increased with IR in cerebral cortex, and serum asprosin level decreased. Parkin and PINK1 levels did not change due to the treatments, while the FUNDC1 and Bnip3 levels decreased and serum asprosin levels increased significantly compared to IR. MicroRNA-137 and microRNA-145 decreased, although treatment partially restored the levels of these microRNAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased expressions of parkin/PINK1, FUNDC1 and Bnip3 may suggest that all mitophagy pathways are activated by cerebral IR. Melatonin PostC may protect the cerebral tissue by inhibiting BNİP3- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"603-613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinician perspectives on determinants for assessing and treating intimate partner violence-related traumatic brain injury: a mixed methods content analysis.","authors":"Librada Callender, Christa Ochoa, Alexandria Suhalka, Simon Driver, Paul J Rowan, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Bridget Cotner, Enrico Quilico, Randi Dubiel, Katelyn Jetelina","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2626015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2626015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV)-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is understudied and underrecognized. Missed opportunities for managing IPV-TBI in the clinical setting leave survivors at risk for repeated injury and reduced access to care for cognitive and psychosocial repercussions. The objective of this study was to describe clinician perspectives with screening and managing IPV-related TBI in the clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinicians across the United States completed an online, cross-sectional survey regarding their perspectives on IPV-related TBI. Likert-scale questions were summarized, and open-text responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents (<i>n</i> = 60) were primarily physicians (38%) or nurses (42%) working in emergency (52%), trauma (52%), and rehabilitation (30%). Most (73%) agreed that IPV-related TBI was difficult to diagnose, reported no training/education on identification (63%) or treatment (67%), and were not aware of organizational (53%) or state/federal policies (48%). Content analysis revealed challenges, facilitators, and recommendations with the following higher order themes: 'Education and Training,' 'Clinical Practice,' and 'Policy.'</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Standardizing education and training across clinical disciplines and specialties may improve routine screening for IPV-related TBI, resulting in improved access to care pathways and enhanced treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"493-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic ability of salivary S100B in predicting unfavorable outcomes in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Lillian Caroline Fernandes, Dyenily Alessi Sloboda, Lilia de Souza Nogueira, Wellingson Silva Paiva, Leda Leme Talib, Cicero Augusto Costa Pereira, Augusto Magno Tranquezi Cordeiro, Regina Marcia Cardoso de Sousa","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625373","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>S100B is the most studied biomarker for prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and saliva is a promising matrix. This study evaluated the prognostic value of S100B in saliva and plasma after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort included 25 adult patients (18-60 years) admitted to three hospitals with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 to 12 within four hours post-trauma. Saliva and plasma samples were collected three hours after the trauma, with an additional saliva sample collected at six hours. Outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and its extended version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma S100B levels were higher than salivary (<i>p</i> = 0.0113) and decreased significantly between 3 and 6 hours (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Salivary S100B at 6 hours was significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes (<i>p</i> = 0.0248). Among all measures, salivary S100B at 6 hours demonstrated the highest prognostic accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC). AUC for salivary S100B was 0.71 at 3 hours and 0.62 at 3 months, compared to 0.66 for plasma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salivary S100B at 6 hours post-TBI showed superior prognostic performance compared to plasma and earlier saliva samples, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive biomarker for TBI prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"480-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative effects of mild traumatic brain injury in the general population: persistent post-concussion symptoms and post-traumatic stress.","authors":"Nicholas I J Smith, Lee Hogarth, John D Corrigan, W Huw Williams","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine theincremental effects of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) on persistent post-concussion-like symptoms (PPCS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD (C-PTSD) in a large community sample.</p><p><strong>Settingand participants: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of 1710 individuals from the UK general population, recruited online. Subgroups included individuals with no TBI history (<i>n</i> = 581), a single mTBI (<i>n</i> = 581), and multiple mTBIs (<i>n</i> = 548).</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>TBI history was assessed using the Ohio State TBI Identification method. PPCS and PTSD/C-PTSD symptoms were measured with the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and the International Trauma Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with multiple mTBIs reported significantly higher cognitive, somatic, affective, and total PPCS severity (R² = .04-.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to those with one or no mTBIs. Single mTBI participants also reported more symptoms than those with no TBI. Multiple mTBIs were associated with greater PTSD/C-PTSD symptom severity and higher C-PTSD prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Results remained significant after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple mTBIs are linked to increased PPCS and PTSD/C-PTSD severity in the general population. Early identification and tailored interventions are essential to reduce long-term psychological and neurological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"458-467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed but overlooked (possible) concussions in slap fighting - a video analysis study.","authors":"Yavuz Lima, Levend Karaçoban, Yasin Atay, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing literature on slap fighting is restricted to frequency and the distribution of visible signs of possible concussion. This study examines possible concussions and their assessments in male slap fighting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All male slap fights conducted between January 2023 and August 2025 were reviewed using video analysis and coded independently by two investigators with a focus on visible signs of possible concussion, referee and ringside physician assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 231 possible concussions were identified across 164 fights and 766 slaps (a mean of 1.4/fight and 0.3/slap). Overall, 558 visible signs were observed i.e. most commonly being motor incoordination (<i>n</i> = 224, 40.1%). Of the 231 possible concussions, 223 were assessed by the referee; 124 (55.6%) resulted in continuation of the fight, of which 113 (91.1%) presented with one or two visible signs. Eleven possible concussions were assessed by the ringside physician and 45.5% resulted in the fight's continuation. Both referee and ringside physician assessments were brief (16.9 ± 11.1 and 15.8 ± 11.2 seconds, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings underscore the need for referees and ringside physicians to receive structured training in identifying visible concussion signs-particularly motor incoordination-and to ensure that all suspected cases are referred for medical assessment and withheld from continuing competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"531-537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2629693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refinement and validation of sources of reading self-efficacy scale for college and university students (SOURSES-C) in college students with concussion.","authors":"Yalian Pei, Katy H O'Brien","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to refine and validate the Sources of Reading Self-Efficacy Scale for College and University Students (SOURSES-C).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using an iterative, user-informed approach grounded in Bandura's Sources of Self-Efficacy theory, the study proceeded in two phases. Phase 1 involved distributing the original scale via an online survey to college students with and without concussion, followed by interviews with students with concussion to guide item refinement. Phase 2 tested the revised SOURSES-C with new samples to evaluate its structural validity, convergent validity, and reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SOURSES-C was refined to a 10-item scale with three components: Effort, Enjoyment, and Processing. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-component structure with structural invariance across students with and without concussion. The scale showed strong convergent validity through significant correlations with both reading performance and academic self-efficacy. Internal consistency was high for the total scale (Cronbach's α = .88) and each component: Effort (α = .90), Enjoyment (α = .83), and Processing (α = .75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the SOURSES-C as a psychometrically sound tool for assessing reading self-efficacy in college students with concussion. With further validation, the scale shows promise as a measure that clinicians and educators can use to identify changes in reading self-efficacy following concussion and to evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"468-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoping review of secondary studies using the Federal Interagency of Traumatic Brain Injury Research datasets.","authors":"Amanda N Fitterer, Leila Ledbetter, Peter Duquette, Amy Switzer, Margaret Fletcher, Julia Smith, Karin Reuter-Rice","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625369","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2625369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the United States each year and represents a significant public health problem. There is considerable heterogeneity of causes, diagnostic tools, treatments, and outcomes of TBI, and the volume of research on the topic reflects this. Despite the large body of research, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of how to diagnose and treat TBI. To address this, the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) Informatics System was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review aimed to provide a descriptive overview of how FITBIR data has been used in published research since its inception, including the types of studies conducted, datasets used, and methodological approaches. Online databases were used to identify papers that utilized FITBIR data for secondary applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine articles were identified for inclusion through a literature search. We summarize the secondary uses of FITBIR data, focusing on how many and which data sets were used, as well as the varied approaches to data use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review demonstrates successful use of existing TBI data to expand the knowledge base regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, and suggests promising potential for future harmonization and synthesis of available datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"444-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head injuries in intimate partner violence: cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms.","authors":"Natasha C Hughes, Tag Alsir Osama, Grant H Rigney, Jacob Jo, Kristen Williams, Scott L Zuckerman, Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2628052","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699052.2026.2628052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, and these outcomes may be worse in those experiencing IPV-related head injuries. Cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms associated with these exposures are incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional survey study, participants completed questionnaires assessing demographics, IPV-related exposure, depression, anxiety, cognitive, and neurobehavioral symptoms. Participants were stratified into groups 1) without IPV history ('controls,' <i>n</i> = 1032), 2) with IPV history without IPV-related head injury ('IPV-only,' <i>n</i> = 163), and 3) with IPV-related head injury ('IPV-HI,' <i>n</i> = 102). ANCOVAs and logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, and race were used for comparison with subsequent pairwise comparisons using Tukey's post-hoc and estimated marginal means.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IPV groups had greater rates of all psychiatric conditions reported, general health problems including sleep difficulties and chronic pain, and motor symptoms (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to IPV-only, the IPV-HI group reported greater rates of migraines, chronic pain, and suicidal ideation, as well as greater anxiety, cognitive difficulties, and neurobehavioral symptoms (all <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IPV groups reported more health issues than controls, and those with IPV-HI had the greatest rates of general health, cognitive, psychiatric, and neurobehavioral difficulties. These findings provide novel insight into IPV and IPV-related head injury outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9082,"journal":{"name":"Brain injury","volume":" ","pages":"520-530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}