BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics and outcomes of individuals screening positive for borderline personality disorder on an adult inpatient psychiatry unit: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Joann J Chen, Sam A Mermin, Lucie A Duffy, Samantha A Wong, Savannah D Layfield, Fernando Rodriguez-Villa, Steven E Gelda, Eliot M Gelwan, Jane Eisen, Kerry J Ressler, Lois W Choi-Kain, Agustin G Yip","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06928-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outpatient psychotherapies are gold standard interventions for borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, in clinical reality, higher rates of psychiatric hospitalization and more severe symptoms, including suicidality and self-harm, occur for those with BPD compared to those with other psychiatric disorders in inpatient units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aims to distinguish the clinical profile and outcomes of patients screening positive for a threshold of BPD traits in the inpatient psychiatric setting using the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), from those who do not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to those screening negative on the MSI-BPD (MSI-BPD-), those who screen positive (MSI-BPD +) are younger, more likely to be female, and more likely to report a range of health and psychosocial risk factors such as unstable housing, reduced educational attainment, physical health problems, past trauma, and problematic drug and alcohol use. MSI-BPD + patients report significantly higher severity of anxiety, depression, suicidality, self-harm, and global symptoms on admission than MSI-BPD- patients. In terms of response to inpatient care, they also self-report significantly greater improvements and higher proportions of reliable change on measures of anxiety, depression, and general psychiatric severity. At discharge, MSI-BPD + patients no longer report significantly higher suicidality but do report greater levels of thoughts of self-harm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that patients with self-reported BPD symptoms experience acute symptom relief during short-term inpatient hospitalization, including for suicidality-related symptoms. Our study also demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the MSI-BPD screening tool within a large adult inpatient psychiatric population to identify individuals likely to have BPD with distinct clinical profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthorexia in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: the impact of perfectionism and metacognition.","authors":"Aslı Kazgan Kılıçaslan","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06799-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06799-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obsessive‒compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is characterized by a rigid need for control, orderliness, and perfectionism, often impairing functionality. Traits such as striving for an \"ideal\" figure can lead to orthorexic tendencies, characterized by an obsessive focus on healthy eating, which can result in significant social, psychological, and physical complications. This study investigates the presence of orthorexic tendencies in individuals with OCPD and examines whether these tendencies are predicted by metacognition and perfectionism, with a focus on the mediating role of metacognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 73 patients diagnosed with OCPD through the DSM-5 Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5-PD) and 73 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and education level. Perfectionism, orthorexia, and metacognition were assessed via the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Meta-Cognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and ORTO-11 scale. Pearson correlation, linear regression, and mediation analyses were conducted to explore these relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCPD patients had lower BMIs and higher scores for perfectionism, orthorexia, and metacognitive activity than did the control group. A negative correlation was found between the FMPS and ORTO-11 scores. MCQ scores were positively correlated with FMPS scores and negatively correlated with ORTO-11 scores. In the mediation analysis, metacognition was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between perfectionism and orthorexia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perfectionism and dysfunctional metacognition significantly contribute to orthorexic tendencies in individuals with OCPD. These findings suggest that metacognitive therapy may effectively address and reduce orthorexic behaviors in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How migration and its types affect mental health in later life: a cross-sectional study among the older adults in India.","authors":"Vasim Ahamad, Shamrin Akhtar, Sanjay Kumar Pal, Ram B Bhagat","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06891-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06891-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migration has extensive consequences on socioeconomic and health status among older adults at the place of destination; various factors in the migration process affect mental health, a prominent social determinant of health. However, no evidence exists of migration and health outcomes among India's older adults. Thus, the current study investigates the association of individual migration history with depressive symptoms among older Indian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used information on 64,340 older adults aged 45 and above from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-1, 2017-18. Migration history was calculated, and categories were based on boundary, duration, stream, and age at migration in this study. The depressive symptoms were calculated using both the CES-D and CIDI-SF scores. Using logistic regression models, the association of selected covariates and domains of migration on depressive symptoms was estimated to assess the links between migration and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of the older adults (56.3%) had migrant status in India. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher among migrants compared to non-migrants, as measured by both CES-D (30.6% vs. 25.2%) and CIDI-SF (9.3% vs. 6.5%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that intra-state migrants had significantly higher odds of depression (AOR: 1.08 for CES-D; 1.40 for CIDI-SF) compared to non-migrants. Inter-state migrants also had elevated odds, particularly for CIDI-SF based depression (AOR: 1.38). Among migration streams, rural-to-rural migrants showed the highest odds of depression (AOR: 1.12 for CES-D; 1.39 for CIDI-SF). Duration of migration also influenced mental health: migrants with 25 + years of stay had significantly higher odds (AOR: 1.10 for CES-D; 1.36 for CIDI-SF). Regarding age at migration, individuals who migrated at age 60 or older had the highest odds of depression (AOR: 1.22 for CES-D; 1.42 for CIDI-SF), followed by those who migrated in early life (0-14 years). These findings underscore a strong association between migration history and late-life depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study's findings shed light on migration and its association with depression symptoms among older Indians. Older healthcare services should be expanded in breadth while also addressing migration, resulting in considerable improvements in older individuals' mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota variations in depression and anxiety: a systematic review.","authors":"YuanYuan Cao, YiRan Cheng, WenChao Pan, JianWei Diao, LingZhi Sun, MiaoMiao Meng","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06871-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06871-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in depression and anxiety through a systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles were searched in the PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases from their inception to February 12th, 2023. Case-control studies on the characteristics of gut microbiota in depression and anxiety were included. Methodological quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A qualitative synthesis was conducted to assess bacterial diversity (α- and β-diversity) and taxa abundance differences at the phylum, family, and genus levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 articles were included in the systematic review, 20 studies were conducted in China. Our results showed that the findings of the α- and β-diversity assessments were inconsistent for both depression and anxiety. In gut microbiota composition, we found that depression and anxiety were characterized by an enrichment of pro-inflammatory bacteria and a depletion of anti-inflammatory SCFAs-producing bacteria. Specifically, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Rikenellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae were more abundant in the depression group, as well as Firmicutes, Prevotellacea and Ruminococcaceae in lower abundance. In the anxiety group, the abundance of Firmicutes, Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, Sutterella, and Butyricicoccus was lower, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Enterobacteriaceae, and Fusobacterium was increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The systematic review found that depression and anxiety might be characterized by an enrichment of pro-inflammatory bacteria and the depletion of anti-inflammatory SCFAs-producing bacteria. However, there were conflicting reports on the abundance of bacteria due to confounders such as diet and psychotropic medications. Further studies are strongly suggested.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based Monitoring and cognition Modification Against Recurrence of Depression (SMARD): An RCT of Memory Bias Modification Training vs. Cognitive Control Training vs. Attention Bias Modification Training in remitted recurrently depressed patients with 1.5 year follow-up.","authors":"N Ikani, A Tyborowska, N Kohn, N Günther, G J Siegle, A H Schene, J A S Vorstman, C J Harmer, M J Kas, J N Vrijsen, H G Ruhé","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06860-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06860-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a 50-80% recurrence rate highlighting the urgent need for more efficient recurrence prevention programs. Currently, recurrences are often identified too late, while existing preventive strategies may not sufficiently address ethio-patho-physiological mechanisms for recurrence. Negative memory bias (the tendency to better remember negative than positive events), negative attention bias (selective attention favoring mood-congruent information), and cognitive control deficits are important factors involved in the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive episodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we describe the protocol for the Smartphone-based Monitoring and cognition Modification Against Recurrence of Depression (SMARD) study, aiming to investigate different forms of cognitive training programs administered via smartphones, in order to develop a second-generation recurrence prevention program. In addition, we will gather Experience Sampling Method (ESM) assessments during a 6-day period, and during the follow-up period we will obtain behavioral data on (social) activities with BEHAPP, a smartphone-based Mobile Passive Monitoring application for remote behavioral monitoring to identify behavioral changes indicative of an imminent depressive episode. In a randomized controlled trial, SMARD will compare the effects of a smartphone-based Memory Bias Modification Training (MBT), Cognitive Control Training (CCT), and Attention Bias Modification Training (ABT) versus cognitive domain-specific (active-) sham trainings in 120 remitted MDD-patients with recurrent-MDD. Over the course of three weeks, participants receive multiple daily training sessions. Thereafter, participants will be followed up for 1.5 years with 3-monthly interviews to assess recurrences.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The SMARD study aims to 1. assess the effects of the cognitive training programs versus their training-specific (active-) sham conditions on changes in memory, cognitive control dysfunction and attention; 2. relate training effects to neural networks previously identified in (recurrence of) MDD (therefore we obtain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ((f)MRI) scans before and after the training in a subset of participants); 3. link baseline and change in memory, cognitive control, attention and neural functioning, and ESM data to prospective recurrences; 4. examine whether passive smartphone-use monitoring can be used for prediction of recurrences.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NL-OMON26184 and NL-OMON27513. Registered 12 August 2021-Retrospectively registered,  https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/26184 en https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/27513 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety in fibromyalgia patients: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Aneesh Rahangdale, Jeffrey Ferraro","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06708-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06708-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibromyalgia frequently coexists with psychiatric disorders, creating complex challenges in managing the health and quality of life for affected individuals. Existing literature points to significant overlap between fibromyalgia and conditions like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, but no large-scale analysis within a single American healthcare system has yet been conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study analyzed 1,516 fibromyalgia patients from HCA Healthcare facilities from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, including only patients aged 18 and older with at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Chi-square tests examined associations between psychiatric outcomes (PTSD, depression, anxiety) and demographic factors such as age, sex, and race. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was analyzed among comorbidity groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with Bonferroni correction applied for pairwise comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample had a mean age of 52.2 years, was predominantly female (95.98%) and white (77.51%). Anxiety (61.02%) and depression (39.75%) were highly prevalent, while PTSD was less common (8.64%). Significant age differences emerged. Younger patients had more PTSD than those 65 + years old. Those 30-39 years old had the highest PTSD prevalence. Conversely, the prevalence of depression increased with age, peaking in the 65 + years old group. Anxiety was more prevalent in the middle-aged patients, peaking in the 40-52 years old group. White patients and nonwhite patients did not have significant differences in PTSD, anxiety, or depression prevalence. Sex differences were significant for anxiety only (p = .028), showing higher rates among females (62% in females versus 48% in males). Mean LOS was 1.93 days, with significant differences across comorbidity groups (p = < .0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that patients with only anxiety tended to have significantly shorter LOS than patients with only depression and with two psychiatric comorbidities (p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychiatric comorbidities are highly prevalent in hospitalized fibromyalgia patients and influence hospitalization outcomes. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD demonstrate unique relationships with age. The presence of multiple psychiatric comorbidities is associated with longer hospital stays, highlighting the need for integrated care approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait anxiety negatively modulates the coupling of motor event-related desynchronization and event-related synchronization.","authors":"Chia-Hsiung Cheng, Pei-Ying S Chan, Si-Yu Chen, Yu-Han Chen, Hsinjie Lu, Chia-Yih Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06901-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06901-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent neurophysiological studies showed that patients with psychiatric disorders demonstrated abnormalities in sensorimotor functions in addition to cognitive deficits. These findings intrigued us to investigate whether trait anxiety, a persistent inclination towards being anxious in multiple contexts, would affect motor cortical functions. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS) of α and β oscillations are associated with movement execution and movement termination, respectively. However, no study has comprehensively examined the effects of trait anxiety on motor ERD and ERS. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how trait anxiety influences these motor cortical oscillations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty subjects (top 10% of the trait anxiety score distribution from 400 college students) with higher trait anxiety (HTA) and 20 subjects (bottom 10% of trait anxiety score distribution from the same sample) with lower trait anxiety (LTA) were recruited to perform a Go-Nogo task during electroencephalographic recordings. ERD and ERS of α and β oscillations to Go responses were compared between these two groups. The associations between ERD and ERS in each group were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither ERD nor ERS power changes were significantly different between LTA and HTA groups. Interestingly, a significant correlation between β ERD and α ERS/β ERS was found in the individuals with LTA; however, such functional coupling was not present in the individuals with HTA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trait anxiety negatively modulates the coupling of motor ERD and ERS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific patterns in social visual attention among individuals with autistic traits.","authors":"Ludan Zhang, Xin Guan, Huiqin Xue, Xiaoya Liu, Bo Zhang, Shuang Liu, Dong Ming","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06896-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06896-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition more prevalent in males, with sex differences emerging in both prevalence and core symptoms. However, most studies investigating behavioral and cognitive features of autism tend to include more male samples, leading to a male-biased understanding. The sex imbalance limits the specificity of these features, especially in female individuals with autism. Hence, it is necessary to explore sex-related differences in behavioral-cognitive traits linked to autism in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we designed a dynamic emotion-discrimination task to investigate sex differences in attention to emotional stimuli among the general population with autistic traits. Behavioral and eye movement data were recorded during the task, and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was used to assess autistic traits. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze gaze patterns in male and female groups. Additionally, correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between AQ scores and proportion of fixation time in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant sex differences in attention to the eye regions of faces were observed, with females focusing more on the eyes than males. Correlation analyses revealed that, in males, lower eye-looking was associated with higher levels of autistic traits, whereas no such association was found in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these results reveal that attention patterns to emotional faces differed between females and males, and autistic traits predicted the trend of eye-looking in males. These findings suggest that sex-related stratification in social attention should be considered in clinical contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe bradycardia triggered by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with major depressive disorder and premature ventricular contractions: a case report.","authors":"Shuping Fang, Bowen Song, Xin Yang, Ling Ma, Zhe Li","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06882-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06882-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) with a low incidence of adverse effects. However, bradycardia is not commonly recognized as an adverse effect of rTMS. In this case report, we present the first documented instance of a patient with MDD and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) who developed severe bradycardia following rTMS treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 46-year-old Chinese woman with a 7-year history of MDD and a 6-year history of PVCs. She had been taking paroxetine, tandospirone citrate, and metoprolol long-term without experiencing bradycardia. After initiating rTMS treatment, she developed severe bradycardia. Even after discontinuing metoprolol, the severe bradycardia persisted for several days. Notably, the severe bradycardia disappeared one day after pausing rTMS therapy. When rTMS was resumed, the bradycardia reoccurred and subsequently resolved again upon pausing the rTMS treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The influence of rTMS on heart rate (HR) is likely mediated through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Currently, severe arrhythmias are not widely recognized as adverse effects of rTMS. While the exact mechanisms by which rTMS affects the cardiovascular system remain unclear, this case underscores the necessity for caution when using rTMS to treat psychiatric patients with arrhythmias.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the help-seeking motivation scale for patients with schizophrenia(HSMS).","authors":"Jin Song, Rui Ma, Xi-Wu Zhao, Xiao-Xu Zhang, Yuzhi-Nan Wang, Min Ling, Yu-Qiu Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06872-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06872-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders with the longest delay in treatment. Motivation for help-seeking is an important factor in getting professional treatment. There is no instrument to measure help-seeking motivation in schizophrenia. We aim to develop a scale to provide a valid measurement tool for assessing help-seeking motivation in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review and semi-structured interviews were used to construct the dimensions and item pool. Then, the scale was adjusted according to the results of Delphi study, cognitive interviews and pilot survey. Next, we screened the items and determined the potential structure via item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Lastly, we tested the reliability and validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 21-item scale comprised three factors (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed the factor loading ranged from 0.602 to 0.888. Three factors explained 60.462% of the total variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate model fit (χ²/df = 1.932, GFI = 0.908, AGFI = 0.885, NFI = 0.907, NNFI = 0.946, CFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.953, RMR = 0.048, RMSEA = 0.052). The Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.903. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.890 ~ 1.000, scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.983.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The help-seeking motivation scale for patients with schizophrenia has excellent psychometric properties. This scale may be a reliable measure for assessing help-seeking motivation in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}