BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Sexual dysfunction and distress in patients with depressive disorders at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ahmad H Almadani, Mohammed A Aljaffer, Nouf F Alshammari, Naif S Alsaber, Osama M Bin Nujayfan, Abdulrahman I Binbakhit, Ziyad B Alenazi, Lama M Alruwaili, Abdulrahman A Alshahwan, Abdullah K Muhnna, Ayedh H Alghamdi","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08412-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08412-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sexual dysfunction and distress are common among depressed patients and significantly affect their quality of life. This study aims to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and distress and identify potential associated factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with data collection from April to June, 2025. The study involved 258 participants with depression aged 18-65, recruited using a convenience sampling technique. The study tool consisted of a questionnaire we developed to assess sociodemographic and other factors and the validated Arabic versions of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) to measure sexual distress and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) to evaluate sexual functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ASEX mean total score was 18.04 ± 6.4, with 45.74% of participants exhibiting sexual dysfunction. A statistically significant relation was found between sexual dysfunction and female sex (p < 0.001), lower monthly income (p = 0.004), history of chronic diseases (p = 0.022), taking medications for them (p = 0.016), and experiencing physical symptoms (p = 0.001). The FSDS-R mean total score was 20.62 ± 14.4, and 72.09% were deemed to be experiencing sexual distress. A statistically significant relation was found between experiencing sexual distress and marital status (p = 0.008), having other psychiatric disorders (p = 0.048), positive history of smoking cigarettes (p = 0.010) and its duration (p = 0.024), and positive history of chronic diseases (p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the concerning figures of sexual dysfunction and distress among patients with depression and that numerous factors could be associated with them. These findings underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving teams from psychiatry, gynecology, and urology. The findings also reflect the need to screen for high-risk groups, such as those with other psychiatric and chronic medical illnesses. Moreover, the findings highlight the need for prevention, early detection, and effective intervention for sexual dysfunction and distress to mitigate their negative consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Impairment of delayed recall as a predictor of amnestic mild cognitive impairment development in normal older adults: a 7-year of longitudinal cohort study in Shanghai.","authors":"Xiaoqian Bao, Wei Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Xia Li, Ling Yue, Shifu Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-07879-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-07879-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risperidone for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and severe behavioral dysregulation: a randomized placebo-controlled assessor-blinded trial.","authors":"Ezatollah Abbasi, Alireza Abdi, Rana Eskandari","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08433-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08433-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, and treatment of children with severe behavioral dysregulation remains challenging. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adjunctive risperidone specifically in children with ADHD and clinically significant behavioral dysregulation - including irritability, impulsive aggression, and oppositional symptoms - refractory to behavioral intervention alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 48-week randomized, placebo-controlled, assessor-blinded trial, children aged 3-12 years with moderate-to-severe ADHD and significant behavioral dysregulation refractory to behavioral intervention alone were allocated to risperidone (n = 48) or matched placebo (n = 46), both in addition to ongoing structured behavioral intervention and parental psychoeducation. The primary outcome was change in clinician-rated ADHD-RS-IV score from baseline to week 48. Secondary outcomes included parent-rated Conners' scores, Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), treatment response, adverse events, and metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Risperidone produced a significantly greater reduction in ADHD-RS-IV scores than placebo over time (baseline: 28.85 ± 2.62 vs. 28.70 ± 2.50; week 48: 15.63 ± 1.82 vs. 26.47 ± 2.92; p < 0.001). Parent-rated Conners' scores also improved more in the risperidone group (week 48: 16.94 ± 1.81 vs. 28.42 ± 3.04; p < 0.001). Functional improvement was greater with risperidone, with higher CGAS scores and a higher clinical response rate (70.8% vs. 21.7%; p < 0.001). The most common adverse effects were somnolence and increased appetite. Risperidone was associated with greater weight gain and prolactin elevation than placebo, but no serious adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, risperidone was associated with improvement in ADHD symptom severity and global functioning in carefully selected children with ADHD and prominent behavioral dysregulation. However, treatment was also associated with clinically relevant metabolic and endocrine adverse effects. These findings support selective use as a pharmacological adjunct to behavioral intervention in closely monitored patients with significant behavioral comorbidity, and do not justify routine use for uncomplicated ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13681987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG microstate alterations in psychotic depression: prolonged microstate C duration and associations with psychotic symptoms.","authors":"Yu Yang, Dexin Liao, Yudiao Liang, Yanping Feng, Shanhong Wang, Sha Zhang, Kezhi Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08440-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08440-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features (MDD-Psy) represents a severe clinical subtype with distinct psychopathology, yet its underlying large-scale brain network dynamics, as measured by resting-state EEG microstates, remain poorly characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We compared 68 patients with MDD-Psy and 63 patients with MDD without psychotic features (MDD-NonPsy). Clinical assessment included the Kangduo Antidepressant Scale (KDAS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Resting-state EEG microstate parameters (duration, time coverage, occurrence, and transition probabilities) were analyzed. Group comparisons employed Mann-Whitney U/t-tests with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Correlations between microstate alterations and psychotic symptom severity were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation with FDR correction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The groups were comparable in age and sex. The MDD-Psy group exhibited significantly greater severity in thought disturbance, activation, and hostility (all p &lt; 0.001). EEG microstate analysis revealed a significantly prolonged median duration of microstate C, putatively associated with salience-network-related activity in MDD-Psy (91.99 ms) versus MDD-NonPsy (85.56 ms; p-corr = 0.004). Altered transition probabilities characterized MDD-Psy, including increased B→A but decreased B→C and C→A transitions (all p-corr &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in the combined sample, the duration of microstate C positively correlated with thought disturbance (ρ = 0.243, p-FDR = 0.030), while the reduced B→C transition probability was strongly negatively correlated with both thought disturbance (ρ=-0.393, p-FDR &lt; 0.001) and hostility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Within patients with major depressive disorder, the psychotic subtype is associated with a distinct pattern of aberrant resting-state brain network dynamics relative to the non-psychotic subtype, characterized by prolonged microstate C duration, commonly linked to salience network dynamics and reconfigured temporal transitions between the salience, visual, and auditory networks. The altered visual-to-salience network transition (B → C) demonstrated the most robust association with core psychotic symptom dimensions, including thought disturbance and hostility. These findings suggest that dysregulated dynamic coupling between perceptual processing and salience evaluation may represent a candidate neurophysiological indicator of psychotic features in depression. However, these results should be considered hypothesis-generating preliminary: the high rate of antipsychotic medication use in the MDD-Psy group, the absence of a healthy control group, and the cross-sectional design preclude tentative causal or specificity claims. Future longitudinal studies incorporating medication-naïve patients, healthy controls, and complementary neurophysiological markers are required to validate the clinical ut","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13681976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of non-hormonal pharmacotherapies for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the menopausal transition and postmenopause: a systematic review.","authors":"Mojtaba Hedayati Ch, Zahra Bostani Khalesi, Mahmood Abedinzade","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08428-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08428-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-hormonal pharmacotherapies are widely used to manage depressive and anxiety symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women, but comparative evidence across drug classes remains heterogeneous.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-hormonal pharmacological interventions for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the menopausal transition and postmenopause.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of six databases and trial registries identified randomized and non-randomized studies evaluating SSRIs, SNRIs, gabapentinoids, and other pharmacotherapies. Due to substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity, a structured Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) approach was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of Thirty-one studies (n = 8,124 participants) were included. SNRIs showed more frequent positive effects on depressive symptoms compared with other pharmacological classes, while SSRIs demonstrated modest and variable effects. Gabapentinoids consistently improved vasomotor symptoms but showed limited and low-certainty effects on mood outcomes. Evidence for anxiety outcomes was inconsistent across all drug classes. Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-hormonal pharmacotherapies may provide benefit for mood symptoms during the menopausal transition and postmenopause, particularly SNRIs; however, conclusions are limited by heterogeneity, indirectness, and lack of head-to-head comparative trials.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13682037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and protective factors for relapse after residential substance use treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sajid Naeem, Amna Rasheed, Hasnain Ali","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08330-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08330-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Relapse after residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) remains common, yet no prior systematic review and meta-analysis has comprehensively synthesized the risk and protective factors associated with post-discharge relapse. We aimed to identify and quantify factors associated with relapse after residential SUD treatment, while also examining whether outcomes differed by primary substance and by treatment type (mandatory versus voluntary).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a PRISMA 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251252324). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus and grey literature were searched from inception to March 31, 2026. Primary studies of residential, inpatient, or therapeutic community SUD treatment reporting relapse-related outcomes were included. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to pool risk ratios (RRs) for binary outcomes and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and RoB-1 for observational studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty-one studies involving 18,693 participants were included: 60 cohort studies and one cross-sectional study. Twenty-seven studies were rated Good and 34 Fair. Interventions modestly increased abstinence (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25). Relapsed participants had higher depression scores (SMD, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23-1.66), whereas psychological distress was lower among abstinent participants, and self-efficacy was higher among abstinent participants after harmonizing the direction of effects. Longer treatment duration was associated with better outcomes, although heterogeneity was extreme and the pooled magnitude should be interpreted cautiously. Peer-support-specific analysis showed improved abstinence, whereas broader continuing-care or intervention analyses produced a separate estimate. Alcohol was the dominant substance category, followed by polysubstance, opioids/heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine use. Descriptive evidence suggested lower 6- to 12-month abstinence in heroin-focused than alcohol-focused cohorts, but no study compared substances within one framework. Two studies examined correctional or prison-based mandatory settings, and none compared mandatory with voluntary treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Relapse after residential SUD treatment was associated with greater depressive burden and lower self-efficacy, whereas peer support, longer treatment duration, and adherence-related interventions were associated with better outcomes. Evidence was insufficient to draw firm conclusions regarding substance-specific differences or mandatory versus voluntary treatment effects, underscoring the need for better-designed comparative studies that standardize relapse definitions, classify treatment voluntariness, and report outcomes by primary substance category.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol for a parallel-group superiority randomized controlled trial comparing Sage- a couple psychotherapy- to supportive individual psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Skye Fitzpatrick, Vinushini Arunagiri, Jenna M Traynor, Beverley K Fredborg, Alexander R Daros, Alexander O Crenshaw, Danielle Fitzpatrick, Shelley F McMain, Candice M Monson, Lynn Courey, Rachel E Liebman","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08374-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08374-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity, frontline BPD interventions are difficult to access and have suboptimal efficacy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop and test brief, optimized BPD interventions. BPD is associated with disrupted intimate relationships, and recent theoretical models suggest that such disruptions may play a central role in driving BPD pathology. This led to the development of Sage, a protocolized, conjoint psychotherapeutic intervention delivered to people with BPD and their intimate partners to treat BPD and simultaneously improve relationship conflict and intimate partner's mental health. While preliminary research supports the efficacy of Sage, a key next step is identifying whether Sage is more efficacious compared to standard care in improving its targets. This manuscript outlines the study protocol for a single-blind, parallel two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Sage to a supportive psychotherapy that is delivered separately to people with BPD and their intimate partners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Couples wherein one member has BPD (target N = 152 couples) are actively being recruited. After eligibility and baseline assessments are complete, couples are randomized to Sage or Supportive Individual Psychotherapy. Weekly supervision meetings are held for both conditions by independent supervisors to ensure intervention adherence and prevent drift. Primary (BPD symptoms), secondary (relationship conflict, partner mental health), and exploratory outcomes (e.g. people with BPD's emotion dysregulation, suicidal ideation, suicidal and self-injurious behaviors, relationship satisfaction) are assessed by masked assessors at baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and at a one-, three, and six-month follow-up. Generalized mixed linear models using an intent-to-treat philosophy will be conducted to examine differences between study outcomes across conditions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results will illuminate whether Sage is an efficacious means of treating BPD and expanding intervention outcomes to include relationship conflict and partner mental health in a short timeframe.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT06458933, registered on June 12, 2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of oxidative stress markers in multi-episode schizophrenia: a comparative study before and after electroconvulsive therapy and their correlation with clinical improvement.","authors":"Man Yang, Qing Tian, Xue Yuan, Dongliang Liu, Qiang Shi, Haidong Yang, Xiaobin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08437-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08437-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined oxidative stress (OS) markers in acute relapse schizophrenia, assessed the impact of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and explored correlations with clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>110 Han Chinese patients and 55 healthy controls were enrolled. All enrolled patients had multi-episode schizophrenia with a mean illness duration of 11.15 ± 9.11 years. Patients received 8-12 bilateral ECT sessions plus antipsychotics. Serum levels of GSH-Px, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and CAT were measured before and after ECT. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, schizophrenia patients showed significantly lower serum levels of GSH-Px, MnSOD, and CAT, while the MnSOD/CuZnSOD ratio was decreased, CuZnSOD levels showed a non‑significant trend as compared to healthy controls. GSH-Px levels were negatively correlated with the PANSS positive subscale scores (p = 0.007). Following ECT, all PANSS scores significantly decreased (all p < 0.001). Serum levels of GSH-Px, TSOD, CuZnSOD, and CAT increased significantly, while MnSOD levels and the MnSOD/CuZnSOD ratio significantly decreased (all p < 0.01). In responders, changes to OS markers were significant (all p < 0.01). Increases in GSH-Px levels were positively correlated to reductions in the PANSS total score (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.024) and general subscale scores (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the baseline GSH-Px level as an independent potential indicator of clinical improvement (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute relapse schizophrenia shows significant redox imbalance. ECT in combination with antipsychotics modulates antioxidant enzymes, and GSH-Px dynamics correlate with symptom improvement, suggesting its potential as a predictive and monitoring biomarker for ECT outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13682131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric assessment and exploratory scale refinement of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale among adolescents and young adults in a Swedish context.","authors":"Emma Ahlqvist Lindqvist, Magnus Johansson, Emma Hovén, Andreas Frick, Hanna Ljungvall, Pernilla Åsenlöf","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08423-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08423-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) could provide currently lacking data on anxiety levels among adolescents and young adults in Sweden. However, psychometric assessments of the scale are scarce in this population. Additionally, the structural validity of the scale needs to be examined further, given conflicting findings in other populations. The aim of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the GAD-7 among 15-29-year-olds using Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in a Swedish, general population sample. In addition, an iterative process explored if revised versions of the scale could be identified that fit the Rasch model in this sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A random, age- and sex-stratified sample of 15-29-year-olds from the Swedish population register was drawn, from which stratified groups were randomly invited to participate. Data (n = 590) were collected through a study-specific app. Rasch analyses included investigation of item fit, local independence, principal components analysis of standardized Rasch model residuals, response category functioning, measurement invariance, scale-to-sample targeting, and reliability. In addition, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted and interpreted using dynamic, data-adaptive cutoffs. An exploratory, iterative process was undertaken aiming at scale refinement based on results for the GAD-7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No Rasch analyses provided support for the unidimensionality of the GAD-7, which also displayed issues with disordered response categories and measurement invariance. The CFA found substantial misfit for the one-factor model. The exploratory scale refinement resulted in two abbreviated scales warranting further investigation: Items 1-3 fit the Rasch model as a unidimensional scale and demonstrated acceptable to good reliability. Items 5-7 had good fit after merging the two highest response categories, although demonstrated poor reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No analyses provided support for the unidimensionality of the GAD-7 among 15-29-year-olds in Sweden. While these findings do not support the use of a single sum score, they require confirmation in independent samples. Future research should evaluate whether the abbreviated, candidate scale comprising items 1-3 could be useful to assess anxiety in this population, including examination of criterion validity and the potential benefits of adding a response category to enhance both reliability and scale-to-sample targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the feasibility, safety and preliminary clinical effects of amygdala-targeted temporal interference stimulation for major depressive disorder: a pilot study.","authors":"Zixuan Zeng, Shupei Zhou, Dianhong Shi, Manling Long, Simeng Zhang, Fan Wu, Qi Zhang, Lulu Zhang, Hengfen Gong, Jingjing Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08439-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08439-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a novel noninvasive neuromodulation technique. However, whether it can be applied in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. This pilot study investigated the feasibility, safety, and preliminary clinical effects of amygdala-targeted TIS in patients with MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center, single-arm pilot study, 32 MDD patients received a 5-day amygdala-targeted TIS. The primary outcomes were feasibility (defined by the intervention completion rate) and safety (evaluated through participant-reported adverse events). The secondary outcomes assessed preliminary clinical efficacy, including changes in depressive symptoms measured by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), as well as anxiety, anhedonia, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline, postintervention, and at the 1-week and 1-month follow-ups. Statistical analyses included mainly linear mixed-effects models and paired t tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants completed the full intervention while maintaining stable psychiatric medication. TIS was well tolerated, with mostly mild adverse events (sleepiness, 24.1%; dizziness, 14.1%; unusual scalp sensations, 10.5%) and no serious safety concerns. The HAMD-17 response rates were 59.4% post-intervention, 65.4% at the 1-week follow-up, and 50.0% at the 1-month follow-up. The corresponding MADRS response rates were 54.8%, 65.4%, and 53.3%, respectively. Significant improvements were also observed in anxiety, anhedonia, sleep quality, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study suggests that amygdala-targeted TIS is feasible, well tolerated, and associated with promising clinical improvements in patients with MDD, warranting further investigation in randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study has been prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on June 14, 2024 (Registration ID: NCT06461260).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}