BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of anxiety symptoms in a Ugandan population sample and psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) in Luganda and Runyoro.","authors":"Leo Ziegel, Cristina Espinosa da Silva, Robert Bulamba, Alex Daama, Grace Kigozi, Amanda P Miller, Godfrey Kigozi, Emmanuel Kyasanku, Stephen Mugamba, Anders Hammarberg, Anna Mia Ekström, Fred Nalugoda, Anna-Clara Hollander","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06944-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06944-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Locally validated measures are required for robust clinical and epidemiological assessments of anxiety symptoms and disorders. Few studies on the African continent have examined the psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7). We aimed to investigate certain psychometric properties of GAD-7 translated into Runyoro and Luganda, two Ugandan languages, and to measure the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in a Ugandan population sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected in 2021-22 through the African Medical and Behavioural Sciences Organization (AMBSO) Population Health Surveillance (APHS), a population cohort study in Uganda. GAD-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and questions on socio-demographic factors were administered during individual face-to-face interviews. Construct validity, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of the Runyoro- and Luganda-translated GAD-7 were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), two internal consistency coefficients (Revelle's omega total and Cronbach's alpha), and Pearson's correlation coefficient, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and likely anxiety disorders was also estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4107 individuals aged 13-80 participated, with 2206 and 1901 speaking Runyoro and Luganda, respectively. The Runyoro-translated GAD-7 retained its one-factor structure (RMSEA = 0.097, CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.966), had good internal consistency (omega total = 0.85), and correlated moderately with the PHQ-9 (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). The Luganda-translated GAD-7 also fit a one-factor structure (RMSEA = 0.097, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.983), exhibited excellent internal consistency (omega total = 0.90), and strong concurrent validity with PHQ-9 (r = 0.71, p < 0.01). Overall, participants reported low levels of anxiety symptoms. Using GAD-7 ≥ 10 binary cut-offs, the total prevalence of likely anxiety disorders was 1.5% (0.5% among males, 2.2% among females).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GAD-7 was translated into Runyoro and Luganda, two Ugandan languages, and both translations showed good psychometric properties. The prevalence of likely anxiety disorders was low in this diverse large Ugandan population sample, the largest population study on anxiety in Uganda to date. The low prevalence could partly be due to individuals with more severe anxiety symptoms not participating or GAD-7 not including local idioms of anxiety. Further clinical validation is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mortality, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in adults aged 60 years or older, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive analysis for the global burden of disease 2021.","authors":"Dong-Ting Yu, Rui-Xuan Li, Jing-Ran Sun, Xue-Wen Rong, Xu-Guang Guo, Guo-Dong Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06661-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are major public health concerns with an increasing global impact. The burden of these conditions varies by region, age, and gender, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these disparities, potentially influencing disease prevalence, mortality, and disability burden. This study aimed to assess the global and regional burden and trends of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in adults aged 60 years or older from 1990 to 2021, with a particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) data, we analyzed age-standardized death rates (ASDR), incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were assessed using the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC). Projections were modeled using Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) techniques. We evaluated excess mortality by comparing actual versus expected deaths during the pandemic. Decomposition analysis examined the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological shifts. We analyzed health inequality to highlight and address disparities in health status and resource access across regions. All plots and tables were created using Joinpoint Regression model (Version 4.8.0.1), StataMP 18, and R statistical packages (Version 4.4.1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, global mortality from AD and other dementias among individuals aged 60 and older reached approximately 1,922,970.75 cases (95% CI: 480,348.08 to 5,104,315.95), and the prevalence was 52,560,253.51 cases (95% CI: 41,399,948.84 to 65,633,448.71). High Body Mass Index (BMI) and High Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) were prominent risk factors. Projections suggest a near fourfold increase in AD cases by 2050, driven by population growth and aging, with females disproportionately affected. Health inequalities persist, with higher disease burdens in high-SDI regions. The pandemic impacted mortality unevenly, highlighting regional disparities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although incidence rates declined from 1990 to 2021, the overall burden of AD and dementias remains substantial and is expected to rise significantly by 2050. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing risk factors like High FPG, gender disparities, and the socioeconomic effects of COVID-19, particularly in high-SDI countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring non-medical prescribing for patients with mental illness: a scoping review.","authors":"Bashayr A Alsaeed, Jason Hall, Richard N Keers","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06938-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06938-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-medical prescribing (NMP) qualifications extend prescribing authority to nurses, pharmacists, and other allied health professionals and are advocated as a means to help improve healthcare efficiency and access to services. However, despite non-medical prescribers (NMPs) being utilised in some countries for more than two decades, less is known about their role and impact in the mental health context. This scoping review therefore aims to map published research evidence concerning NMP for patients with mental illness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five electronic databases were searched from January 2003 to July 2024. Reference lists of identified papers were also checked for relevant studies. Full text primary research studies exploring the nature, impact, and implementation of NMP services for patients with mental illness and dementia in community settings were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 22,547 retrieved papers, 63 studies were included. Of these, 57 (90.4%) detailed the nature (including the service or team they were based in, medicines prescribed, and main role(s)) of NMPs, 45 (71.4%) assessed the impact of services, and 16 (25.3%) explored factors influencing service implementation and delivery. The majority of studies originated from the USA (30/63, 47.6%), or the United Kingdom (27/63, 42.8%). Either nurse (44/63, 69.8%), pharmacist (16/63, 25.3%) or non-medical prescribing models featuring both professionals were exclusively studied (3/63, 4.7%). In the UK and USA, antidepressants (60%, 54.5%) were the most prescribed by NMPs. Although the conditions of patients managed by both nurse and pharmacist prescribers were reported to be well managed based on clinical outcomes (3/24, 12.5% and 3/13, 23%, respectively), few studies evaluated health outcomes. Training-related barriers to service delivery were commonly mentioned in UK studies (4/9, 44.4%), with financial issues reported in the USA (2/4, 50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the diverse roles of NMPs in the care of people with mental illness. Whilst the limited evidence suggests a positive impact on patient care, more quantitative research is needed. Given the focus on nursing prescriber models in this review, along with rising mental health demand and continuing staff shortages, future research should prioritise exploring and evaluating the contribution of pharmacist NMP services as well other healthcare professionals' NMPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical and social issues in prediction of risk of severe mental illness: a scoping review and thematic analysis.","authors":"Ivars Neiders, Signe Mežinska, Neeltje E M van Haren","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06949-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06949-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the last decade, there has been considerable development in precision psychiatry, especially in the development of novel prediction tools that can be used for early prediction of the risk of developing a severe mental disorder such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder. Although the clinical efficiency of those tools is still unclear it is crucial to consider the future ethical and social consequences of their clinical use before they are used in clinical practice. The literature on this issue is rapidly growing and represents input from scholars from different fields-psychiatrists, bioethicists etc. However, to our knowledge, nobody has produced a review addressing these issues. Therefore, the present study aims to bridge the gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review, allowing integration of both empirical and non-empirical studies. The research question addressed is: what are the ethical and social issues raised by the potential use of predictive tools for the risk of developing of severe mental disorder identified in the existing empirical and theoretical literature? After developing the search terms, we conducted a search in three electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. For the included articles bibliometric analysis and inductive thematic coding was performed. To ensure the transparency and rigour of this scoping review we followed he Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A qualitative inductive thematic analysis of the included articles was performed using Atlas.ti.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening, evaluation for eligibility and citation tracing 129 publications were included in the scoping review. The articles represent a wide range of fields of research-clinical psychology, general medicine, neuroscience, genetics, clinical genetics, psychiatry and mental health, philosophy, ethics, etc. The majority of the articles (83) are theoretical studies, 35 papers report results of empirical research and 11 are review papers. Qualitative thematic analysis of the included articles revealed four main themes: 1) Potential benefits and harms; 2) Rights and responsibilities; 3) Counselling, education and communication; 4) Ethical issues in different applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The articles included in the review cover a wide variety of concerns that might be raised when implementing predictive tools for the risk of developing of severe mental disorder. However, some important gaps in the literature are indicated. First, there are issues that should deserve more attention than they have received thus far (clinical utility, extensive or mandatory use). In several cases there is no empirical knowledge that determines whether particular concerns are justified (stigmatisation, use of machine learning algorithms).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of depression among caregivers of children with malnutrition in Gedeo zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: case-control study.","authors":"Biazin Yenealem Mekuriaw, Alemayehu Molla, Misrak Negash, Tadese Teferi, Endashaw Habtamu, Mastewal Aschale, Aklile Tsega","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06959-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06959-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, significantly impacting global health, particularly for women. It accounts for 4.3% of the total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), making it a major contributor to global disability. The high rate of depression in developing nations, the caregiving responsibilities of caregivers, their susceptibility to depression, and maternal mental health in these nations may significantly impact childhood development. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the predictors of depression among caregivers of children with malnutrition in Gedeo Zone public hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 226 caregivers (113 cases and 113 controls). Depression of caregivers was assessed using a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors, and the association was presented with an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, not attended formal education [AOR = 2.9(95%CI: 1.0-8.1)], unemployment [AOR = 3.7, (95% CI: 1.4-9.7)], low socioeconomic status [AOR = 3.3 (95% CI: 1.2-9.4)], physical abuse [AOR = 2.3(95% CI = 1.2-3.3)], poor social support [AOR = 2.6(95% CI: 1.0-6.5)], and stunting [AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4] were a significant positive predictors of depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Nearly half of the study participants had a significant burden of depression among caregivers of malnourished children; particularly those facing not attended formal education, unemployment, low socioeconomic status, physical abuse, poor social support, and having a stunted child. Therefore, implementing early depression screening and interventions is crucial. Additionally, enhancing caregiver education, reducing unemployment, strengthening social support systems, preventing stunted physical growth, and boosting parents' financial stability with malnourished children are essential strategies for sustainable improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acceptability and feasibility of an internet-administered, guided, low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for parents of children treated for cancer: findings from a qualitative study involving public contributors.","authors":"Ella Thiblin, Johan Lundgren, Mattias Bergqvist, Tho Huynh, Christina Reuther, Sandra Rösler, Joanne Woodford, Louise von Essen","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06897-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06897-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite parents of children treated for cancer commonly reporting psychological difficulties such as symptoms of depression and anxiety, there is a lack of evidence-based psychological interventions tailored to their needs. We therefore developed an internet-administered, guided, low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy-based self-help intervention (EJDeR). We examined the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and study procedures in the single-arm feasibility trial ENGAGE. Results suggested the intervention and study procedures are feasible and acceptable. However, a need for modifications and refinements to the intervention and study procedures was identified. We conducted a qualitative interview study to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and study procedures from the perspective of parents to inform modifications and refinements to the intervention and study procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 parents (17 fathers, 35 mothers). A public contribution group (three parents of children treated for cancer) analysed the data independently from the research team and contributed to dissemination. An inductive content analysis was performed using the Framework Method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention was perceived as acceptable and relevant, and parents expressed positive attitudes toward internet-administered support. However, parents identified a need for adaptations to intervention content, e.g., a greater focus on the family, trauma, and the cancer experience. Barriers to engagement were also identified, including technical difficulties and a need for modifications to improve intervention user-friendliness and smartphone and/or tablet compatibility. Study procedures were also perceived as acceptable and feasible. However, a need was identified to improve parents' understanding of the study and to reduce the amount and frequency of assessments. The public contributors' analysis was similar to that of the research team. However, the research team overlooked important nuances. For example, the public contributors' analysis highlighted parents' difficulties distinguishing between the intervention and study procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intervention and study procedures were perceived as acceptable and feasible. However, the need for important modifications and refinements were suggested to improve future acceptability and feasibility. Involving public contributors in the analysis resulted in developing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the data.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN 57,233,429 (Registration date: 19/04/2018); ISRCTN 18,404,129 (Registration date: 25/11/2019).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation in reducing craving in patients with alcohol use disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dae Jin Kim, Hyunsuk Jeong, Su Yeon Kim, Young Hwa Kim, Hyeon Woo Yim","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06883-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06883-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Craving plays a central role in reinforcing alcohol use disorder (AUD), and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown potential as a therapeutic intervention in AUD. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety following the application of NIBS in patients with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases for articles published up to June 30, 2024 using predefined search terms identified a total of 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 22 units. The primary outcome of this study was the change in craving severity. The secondary outcome was the rate of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the effect of alcohol craving severity reduction between the NIBS group and the sham group, the NIBS group showed a significant reduction in alcohol craving severity compared to the sham group (SMD = -0.211; 95% CI = -0.379 to -0.042). The I² value was 22.2%, indicating a low level of heterogeneity (p = 0.17). Regarding safety, the NIBS group had an increased rate of adverse events compared to the sham group, but this was not significant (OR = 1.494; 95% CI = 0.834 to 2.675). In a subgroup analysis based on the types of NIBS, only transcranial direct current stimulation showed a significant effect (SMD = -0.214; 95% CI = -0.427 to -0.002). Subgroup analyses of stimulation parameters in NIBS showed that a significant reduction in craving severity was observed when NIBS was applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (SMD = -0.200; 95% CI = -0.381 to -0.019) and when multiple sessions were administered (SMD = -0.388; 95% CI = -0.620 to -0.156). In addition, a significant reduction in craving severity due to delayed effects was observed even 4 weeks after the last stimulation (SMD = -0.553; 95% CI = -0.979 to -0.126), but this finding should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NIBS is effective in reducing the severity of craving in patients with AUD. This study provides the latest evidence on the effect of NIBS in reducing craving severity in AUD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring causal associations between plasma metabolites and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Shangyun Shi, Ancha Baranova, Hongbao Cao, Fuquan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06951-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06951-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies reported altered levels of plasma metabolites in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aim to explore the causal link between plasma metabolites and ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between plasma metabolites and ADHD and the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets were sourced from public databases. GWAS summary datasets were used in the study, including ADHD (n = 292,548) and 871 plasma metabolites (n = 8,299). Moreover, we used DrugBank and ChEMBL to evaluate whether the identified metabolites are potential therapeutic targets, and in addition, Bayesian colocalization analyses were conducted to assess the shared genetic signals between these metabolites and ADHD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our MR analysis identified 20 plasma metabolites that conferred protective effects against the risk of ADHD, including dimethylglycine, 3-methoxytyramine sulfate, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (OR: 0.97-0.98). Additionally, 22 metabolites were associated with an increased risk of ADHD, including N-acetylneuraminate and 3-indoleglyoxylic acid (OR:1.01-1.03). Druggability evaluation showed that 12 of the ADHD-related metabolites have been targeted by pharmacological interventions. For example, doconexent has been used to increase the levels of docosahexaenoic acid. Our reverse MR analysis showed that genetic liability to ADHD may affect the abundance of 91 metabolites. Notably, several plasma metabolites had bidirectional causal associations with ADHD, including docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3), docosatrienoate (22:3n3), N1-methyladenosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and 4-allylcatechol sulfate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study supported a causal role of plasma metabolites in the susceptibility to ADHD, and the identified metabolites may provide a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of physical activity on anxiety through sleep quality among Chinese high school students: evidence from cross-sectional study and longitudinal study.","authors":"Xianghe Chen, Yuxin Yang, Chenghao Zhong, Xinyu Zeng, Xiao Qiu, Xiangxiang Zhou, Chi Liu, Zhikai Tian, Bo Liu, Rongbin Yin","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06909-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06909-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorder is a significant concern in the context of mental health among Chinese high school students. Based on cross-sectional study and longitudinal study, this study constructed mediation models in order to evaluate the mediation effects of sleep quality in the improvement of anxiety by physical activity among Chinese high school students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32,974 Chinese high school students were surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7). We conducted the survey to construct a mediation model of anxiety, and then verified it with longitudinal data. After 12 weeks of exercise, 80 high school students were tested for physical activity level, sleep quality score and anxiety level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mediation model based on cross-sectional study showed a good fit with the data. Physical activity significantly positively predicted sleep quality but negatively predicted anxiety. Sleep quality significantly negatively predicted anxiety and had a mediation effect between physical activity and anxiety. Further longitudinal study proved that physical activity could improve both sleep quality and anxiety among high school students.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence from cross-sectional study and longitudinal study indicated the mediation role of sleep quality in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety among high school students, providing a theoretical and practical basis for physical exercise to improve high school students' anxiety and other psychological problems. Besides, physical activity could relieve anxiety through sleep quality, but causality cannot be inferred when using only a cross-sectional study design.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate variability and heart rate asymmetry in adolescents with major depressive disorder during nocturnal sleep period.","authors":"Wanlin Chen, Haisi Chen, Wenchen Jiang, Cheng Chen, Moya Xu, Haoxuan Ruan, Hang Chen, Zhenghe Yu, Shulin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06911-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06911-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), substantial between-study heterogeneity and conflicting outcomes exist. Moreover, few studies have investigated heart rate asymmetry (HRA) features despite the high sensitivity of nonlinear indices to heart rate fluctuations. This study aimed to investigate the variations in HRV measures, especially the nonlinear features of HRA, among adolescents with MDD during the nocturnal sleep period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents with MDD and healthy controls completed the clinical assessment of depressive symptom severity and sleep quality followed by a three-night sleep electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Traditional time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures, nonlinear HRA measures, and the prevalence of different HRA forms and HRA compensation were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 participants with 154 nocturnal ECG time series were available for analysis. Vagally-mediated HRV measures, such as RMSSD, PNN50, and HF, as well as C1_d were statistically lower in clinically depressed adolescents compared with healthy controls, whereas C2_d was significantly higher. A substantial decrease in the prevalence of short-term HRA, long-term HRA, and the corresponding compensation effect were also observed. In contrast to the medium to large effect sizes observed in traditional HRV indices, nonlinear HRA features showed extremely large effect sizes in discriminating MDD (C1_d: Cohen's d= - 1.38; C2_d: Cohen's d = 1.11), and exhibited a statistical correlation with the severity of depression (C1_d: rho = - 0.269; C2_d: rho = 0.243). Moreover, there were no significant differences in the distributions of nocturnal HRA measures collected over various nights.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents with MDD suffered a significant decrease in vagal tone compared to healthy controls, and the features focusing on the directionality of heart rate variations may provide further information on cardiac autonomic activity associated with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}