BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"How trait mindfulness protects late adolescents from stress-induced sleep problems: the unique role of mindfulness facets and gender differences.","authors":"Huiting Cao, Jing Qian, Fenghua Tang, Yunyan Dong, Haining Ren, Xiaoran Xue, Ningning Mao, Xiaoyu Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-024-06341-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-024-06341-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding sleep problems in late adolescents caused by daily stress is essential due to their increased vulnerability to stress-related sleep issues. While previous research has demonstrated the potential protective effect of trait mindfulness, facets of mindfulness were found to have unique functions against the negative impact of stress, and the unique impact of each facet of mindfulness on the sleep problems caused by the negative impact of stress remains unclear. Thus, this longitudinal study aimed to assess the impact of stressful life events on sleep problems a year later among late adolescents and to explore the moderating effects of the five trait mindfulness facets. Gender differences have been observed in mindfulness's protective effects, yet how gender influences each mindfulness facet remains unclear. This study also examines how gender moderates the effects of individual mindfulness facets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study tracked 1,926 Chinese vocational high school students (M_age = 18.49) over a year, assessing them for their sleep problems, perceived impact of stressful life events, and mindfulness facets through self-reported questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the moderating effects of each mindfulness facet on the relationship between stressful life events and sleep problems one year later. Then, gender differences were examined through multi-group comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher impact from stressful life events predicted more sleep problems a year later. Notably, among all five facets of mindfulness, only Observing significantly buffered the negative impact of stressful life events on sleep problems, in females but not in males, thus gender moderated the impact of Observing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggested that Observing uniquely protected young females from the negative impact of stressful life events on their sleep problems a year later. Since the measurement tool for the Observing facet only had 1 question tested on observing inner feelings, and other questions are all about observing bodily sensations and outer environments, this study implies that insomnia therapies focus on enhancing the ability to anchor attention in the present moment, especially towards bodily sensations and the outer environment, may be particularly effective in buffering the long-term impact of daily stressors on sleep for young females.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of subclinical hypothyroidism in Chinese patients with first-episode untreated major depressive disorder.","authors":"Junqiang Cui, Yujia Weng, XiaoE Lang, Fangfang Shangguan, Xiang-Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-024-06244-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-024-06244-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies showed sex differences in the prevalences of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study aimed to further compare the prevalence and correlates of moderate-to-severe SCH between male and female Chinese MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1706 first-episode drug naïve Chinese patients with MDD were recruited. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, psychotic symptoms by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and anxiety symptoms by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Moderate-to-severe SCH was defined as serum TSH > 8 mIU/L with normal fT4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of moderate-to-severe SCH was 10.4% in male patients and 15.1% in female patients (χ2 = 7.22, p < 0.01). In female patients, binary logistic regression showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP), suicide attempts and psychotic symptoms (all p < 0.001) were associated with moderate-to-severe SCH. In male patients, SBP and psychotic symptoms were associated with moderate-to-severe SCH (both p < 0.001), while suicide attempts and severe anxiety were not (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal a higher prevalence rate of moderate-to-severe SCH in female untreated first-episode MDD patients compared with males. Moreover, there is a positive association between suicide attempts and moderate-to-severe SCH only in female MDD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network analysis of caffeine use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, and psychiatric symptoms.","authors":"Mohammadreza Davoudi, Fatemeh Abdoli, Fereshte Momeni, Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06478-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06478-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Caffeine Use Disorder (CUD) is not currently recognized as a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). However, recent studies within the DSM-5 context have explored this issue. Also, this disorder is closely associated with caffeine withdrawal symptoms, which are formally recognized as a diagnosis in the DSM-5. Additionally, there is limited evidence regarding the connection between caffeine-related issues and psychiatric symptoms. The main aim of the present study was to determine the network structure of CUD and caffeine withdrawal symptoms among the general population. Also, the bridge symptoms among CUD, psychiatric symptoms, and caffeine withdrawal have been estimated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 1228 adults (50.3% females, Mean age (x̄±sd) 35.49 ± 11.70 years) who completed Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms Questionnaire (CWSQ), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25). All estimations were conducted according to the Gaussian Graphical Model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>\"Excessive consumption\" and \"role obligations\" were central symptoms in the CUD network. Difficulty in concentration was the most central node in the caffeine withdrawal network. Also, the obsessive-compulsive symptom emerged as a central and highly influential node in the relationship between caffeine-related nodes and psychiatric symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mental health providers should target these specific symptoms in clinical interventions to mitigate caffeine-related problems among individuals in the general population effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relapse prevention among Iranian people who smoke through cognitive behavioral intervention: application of Marlatt's model.","authors":"Shahnaz Hajisahneh, Sakineh Rakhshanderou, Yadollah Mehrabi, Emran Mohammad Razzaghi, Leili Mazar, Mohtasham Ghaffari","doi":"10.1186/s12888-024-06373-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-024-06373-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relapse is by far the most likely outcome of any smoking cessation attempt. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention based on Marlatt's model on relapse prevention of people who smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This interventional study was conducted among 265 people who smoke who referred to smoking cessation centers in Kurdistan province in Iran (intervention group = 129, control group = 136). The intervention group received cognitive behavioral therapy smoking cessation based on the Marlatt's model for 8 sessions and each session was one hour weekly, and the control group received routine smoking cessation treatment trough 7 one-hour weekly sessions. The data were collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire. The follow-ups were performed immediately, 1 week and 3 months after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 42.6% of the intervention group consumed more than 20 cigarettes daily before the intervention, reaching to 13.7% immediately, 10.2% one week and 6.2% three months after the intervention. There was a significant difference in the mean scores of internal and external high-risk situations, internal and external self-efficacy, coping skills, positive and negative outcome expectations, and abstinence violation effect between the intervention and control groups at immediately, one week, and three months after the intervention (P < 0.0001). A significant difference between the lapse and relapse rate in the intervention group compared to the control group immediately, one week and three months after the intervention was observed (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective in reducing cigarette smoking, high-risk situations of smoking, abstinence violation effect, positive outcome expectation of smoking lapse and relapse and increasing self-efficacy, coping skills, and quitting smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysfunctional large-scale brain networks in drug-naïve depersonalization-derealization disorder patients.","authors":"Sisi Zheng, Mingkang Song, Nan Song, Hong Zhu, Xue Li, Dongqing Yin, Shanshan Liu, Yan Zhao, Meng Fang, Yanzhe Ning, Hongxiao Jia","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06497-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06497-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (DPRD) presents challenges in understanding its neurobiological underpinnings. Several neuroimaging studies have revealed altered brain function and structure in DPRD. However, the knowledge about large-scale dysfunctional brain networks in DPRD remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 47 drug-naïve DPRD patients and 49 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional scanning. After constructing large-scale brain networks, we calculated within-and between-network functional connectivity (FC) using the Schaefer and Tian atlas. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was employed to classify DPRD patients and provide features for DPRD patients concerning the dysfunctional large-scale brain networks. Finally, the correlation analysis was performed between altered functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks and scores of clinical assessments in DPRD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, we found significantly decreased FCs, within-networks across four brain networks and between-networks involving 18 pairs of brain networks in DPRD patients. Moreover, our results revealed a satisfactory classification accuracy (80%) of these decreased FCs for correctly identifying DPRD patients. Notably, a significant negative correlation was observed between the 'Self' factor of the CDS and the FC within the somatosensory-motor network.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, disrupted FC of large-scale brain networks may contribute to understanding neurobiological underpinnings in DPRD. Our findings may provide potential targets for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: a process evaluation.","authors":"Benjamin P Rigby, Nicole Needham, Helen Grossi, Ivana Kamenska, Iain H Campbell, Ben Meadowcroft, Frances Creasy, Cheryl Fisher, Pankaj Bahuguna, John Norrie, Gerard Thompson, Melissa C Gibbs, Maja Mitchell-Grigorjeva, Ailsa McLellan, Tessa Moses, Karl Burgess, Rachel Brown, Michael J Thrippleton, Harry Campbell, Daniel J Smith, Sharon A Simpson","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06479-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06479-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness, which requires new strategies for prevention and management. Recent evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet may be an effective intervention. This research aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a ketogenic diet intervention for bipolar disorder, fidelity to its behavioural components and the experiences of the participants and research clinicians involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted. Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with 15 participants 1-2 months after completing a 6-8 week modified ketogenic diet intervention, and 4 research clinicians from the study team following the completion of data collection. Data were thematically analysed. Fidelity checklists completed by research dietitians were analysed using descriptive count and percentage statistics. Findings are reported post-hoc, following the analysis and publication of the main pilot study findings. Reporting was guided by the COREQ checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes were identified in the qualitative data: (1) 'Encouraging entry and supporting exit' (e.g. recognising and managing participants' varied motives and expectations, including around weight loss and symptom alleviation); (2) 'Challenging but potentially transformational,' which reflects that while it can be difficult to initiate and maintain a ketogenic diet day-to-day, many participants perceived physical and psychological benefits (e.g. significant weight loss, mood stability and enhanced ability to focus); (3) 'Intervention facilitators,' including a range of behavioural (e.g. goal setting), social (e.g. family and dietitians) and technological (e.g. apps for monitoring) support mechanisms; (4) 'Intervention barriers' (e.g. dietary preferences, concerns about the diet and its impact, the testing burden and capacity of the delivery team); and (5) 'The wider context' (e.g. the cost of living and sociocultural expectations) was a crucial factor explaining differential experiences. Overall, descriptive analyses indicated moderate-to-good fidelity to the behaviour change components of the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide novel insight into the experiences of people living with bipolar disorder initiating and following a ketogenic diet, as well as those of research clinicians who support the intervention. Future trials may benefit from increased clinical research capacity, better-defined entry and exit routes, additional interpersonal support, and greater understanding of how social and societal factors impact participation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Study registration number: ISRCTN61613198 (02/03/22).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidimensional assessment of adverse events associated with paliperidone palmitate: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FAERS and JADER databases.","authors":"Siyu Lou, Zhiwei Cui, Yingyong Ou, Junyou Chen, Linmei Zhou, Ruizhen Zhao, Chengyu Zhu, Li Wang, Zhu Wu, Fan Zou","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06493-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06493-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Paliperidone palmitate is a second-generation antipsychotic that has undergone extensive investigation in clinical trials. However, real-world studies assessing its safety in large populations are lacking. As such, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate real-world adverse drug events (ADEs) linked to paliperidone palmitate by employing data mining techniques on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study retrieved ADE reports from the FAERS database covering the period from 2009 through the third quarter of 2024, and from the JADER database covering the period from 2013 through the second quarter of 2024. Utilizing disproportionality analyses such as the reporting odds ratios (ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item Poisson shrinkage (MGPS), significant associations between ADEs and paliperidone palmitate were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27,672 ADE reports related to paliperidone palmitate were identified in FAERS, with 285 significantly disproportionate preferred terms (PTs) identified by all four algorithms. Paliperidone palmitate-associated ADEs encompassed 27 System Organ Classes (SOCs). The top three PTs with the highest reported cases were off-label use, drug ineffective, and hospitalization. Common ADEs included increased blood prolactin, galactorrhea, and schizophrenia, which was consistent with drug label. Noteworthy, unexpected signals not listed in the drug label were also identified, such as psychosexual disorders, prolactin-producing pituitary tumors, suicide attempt, and sudden death. The median onset time for all ADEs was 40 days. Furthermore, gender-based difference in risk signals was detected. Females are more likely to experience elevated blood prolactin and weight increase, whereas males are more prone to sexual dysfunction. Among the 1,065 ADE reports from the JADER database, we identified 51 positive signals, 35 of which overlapped with those found in FAERS, including schizophrenia, hyperprolactinemia, and erectile dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings from two independent databases serve as crucial references for ensuring the safe of paliperidone palmitate. Additionally, the gender-specific monitoring references provided can enhance clinical surveillance efforts and facilitate more effective risk identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among patients with hypothyroidism in Southern Iran.","authors":"Tania Dehesh, Mohammad Amin Mosleh-Shirazi, Paria Dehesh","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06490-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06490-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Depression and anxiety are the main disorders in patients suffering from hypothyroidism. These disorders can lead to increased patient suffering. Since hypothyroidism is one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases, controlling the metabolic variables that increase the severity of anxiety and depression is important. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to identify their associated factors, including metabolic variables, among people with hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,600 patients with hypothyroidism in Kerman, the southern part of Iran. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety questionnaires, respectively. First, univariate logistic regression was performed. Factors whose P-values were smaller than 0.2 in univariate logistic regression were included in multiple logistic regression for confounder adjustments. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rates of depression and anxiety were 59% (95% CI: 53.18-62.11) and 63% (95% CI: 58.42-67.22), respectively. Factors found to be independently associated with anxiety were high TSH, high LDL, high TG, high FBS, high TGAb, high TPoAb, high TC, and hypertension. For depression, high TSH, high LDL, high TG, high FBS, high TC, and hypertension were identified. High TGAb and high TPoAb were independently associated with anxiety but not with depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings revealed that a large proportion of patients with hypothyroidism suffer from depression and anxiety. This study also identified factors associated with these disorders. Controlling some metabolic variables may decrease the prevalence and severity of these disorders, help patients with better treatment, and improve their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pragmatic performance, its relationship with symptom severity, and early clinical predictors of pragmatics in 5 ~ 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Lu Qian, Ning Ding, Hui Fang, Ting Xiao, Bei Sun, HuiYun Gao, XiaoYan Ke","doi":"10.1186/s12888-024-06452-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-024-06452-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pragmatic language refers to using spoken language to convey messages effectively across diverse social communication contexts. However, minimal longitudinal research has focused on defining early predictors of pragmatic development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, 71 children with ASD and 38 age- and gender- matched 24- to 30-month-old typically developing (TD) children were enrolled. Social-communication, language, and parent‒child interaction measures were collected for the ASD group at baseline. Three years later, all subjects were assessed for pragmatic ability via the Chinese version of the Language Use Inventory (LUI-Mandarin). First, the differences in pragmatic performance between the ASD and TD groups at follow-up were analyzed. Second, pragmatic performance was correlated with autism symptomatology at follow-up, as well as the structural language difficulties and joint engagement (JE) levels at baseline in the ASD group. Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression analyses and machine learning techniques were performed to explore the effects of early potential predictors of pragmatic development in the ASD group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, our results revealed that performance was significantly lower in the ASD than in the TD group with respect to the LUI-Mandarin total scores and subscale scores (except for subscale C). Second, correlation analysis revealed that more severe symptoms of ASD at follow-up were associated with lower LUI-Mandarin total scores and better language performance on the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS). Additionally, increased proportions of supported JE (SJE) states were associated with higher LUI-Mandarin total scores. In contrast, increased proportions of unengaged (UE) states were associated with lower LUI-Mandarin total scores in the ASD group. Third, hierarchical multiple regression analyses and machine learning techniques indicated that the proportions of SJE during parent‒child interactions, as well as the degree of social symptoms and structural language impairments, were significant contributors to pragmatic development for the ASD group in the prediction models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, our findings suggest that pragmatic language difficulties are present in children with ASD as early as preschool age. Additionally, given the close correlation between the LUI-Mandarin score and symptom severity on the ADOS/ADI-R, the LUI-Mandarin might be a good way to triage children who need to wait a long time for a more extensive evaluation. Furthermore, this study provides new insights into potential targets for pragmatic interventions, and interventions can be designed to promote SJE between caregivers and children in future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies hub genes associated with immune cell infiltration in early-onset schizophrenia.","authors":"Shasha Wu, Tailian Xue, Yilin Li, Weikang Chen, Yan Ren","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06499-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06499-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) occurs between the ages of 13 and 17 years, and neurobiological factors leading to cognitive deficits and psychotic symptoms with varying degrees of positive and negative symptoms. Numerous studies have demonstrated a broad link between immune dysregulation and the central nervous system in EOS, and its pathogenesis involves immune dysfunction, but the exact biological mechanisms have not been elucidated. This study employs immune infiltration analysis and bioinformatics to unveil the pathogenic mechanisms of EOS and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, aiming for more precise clinical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we recruited 26 EOS patients and 27 healthy controls (HCs), and microarray data were collected. Crossover genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis. These genes were subjected to genome enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene ontology (GO) analysis. Hub genes were identified through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and the GeneMANIA database. The diagnostic potential of immune-associated hub genes was evaluated using ROC analysis. Immune infiltration in EOS was analyzed with CIBERSORT. Regulatory miRNAs for the hub genes were predicted using miRNet, and the correlation between mRNAs and miRNAs was analyzed and validated in clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By WGCNA and DEGs analysis, 330 relevant genes were screened in EOS patients compared to HCs. Functional enrichment analysis using Metascape showed significant enrichment in immune system pathways. Subsequently, a PPI network was constructed to select the top 10 potential hub genes, and functional analysis was performed by GeneMANIA, resulting in the identification of four immune-related genes. In addition, significant differences were observed among the four immune cell types in the two groups of samples. ROC analysis showed clinical relevance of the immune-related hub genes, and the AUC of all genes was greater than 0.7. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed from miRNA data, and three miRNAs were found to be significantly associated with the immune-related hub genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that CCL3, IL1B, CXCL8, CXCL10 and miR-34a-5p may be biomarkers that play crucial roles in the underlying mechanisms of EOS immune-related pathways. These findings contribute to the understanding of EOS pathophysiology and may help identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}