BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Interaction of serum resistin and smoking behavior in predicting depression risk: a sex-sensitive analysis.","authors":"Claudia von Zimmermann, Christian Weinland, Johannes Kornhuber, Bernd Lenz, Christiane Mühle","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08419-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08419-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Affective disorders often co-occur with behavioral risk factors like smoking, and chronic metabolic disorders like obesity or type 2 diabetes. One possible regulation factor in these comorbidities could be resistin, an adipokine involved in inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we investigate these factors in depressed patients, in a sex-sensitive approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed depression symptoms in a sex-balanced cohort using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Male Depression Risk Scale. We further evaluated smoking behavior using self-report and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Resistin levels were measured in blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher resistin levels were associated with increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a sex- and smoking-dependent manner, with the strongest effect observed in female smokers and ex-smokers. No association was found between resistin and depression severity, while alcohol use emerged as the strongest predictor of masculine depression symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that resistin interacts with smoking and sex to increase MDD risk, particularly in female smokers/ex-smokers, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies targeting depression risk in women with comorbid risk behaviors such as smoking.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>German Clinical Trials Register ID DRKS00015291, registration date 2020-01-06, retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and robust effects of high-dose intermittent Transcranial Brain Stimulation (iTBS) on depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents with acute major depression: a 10-day randomised, controlled, single-blind trial.","authors":"Yiling Yang, Qian Ye, Zhizhen Peng, Weiyu Cai, Jianzhao Wen, Jie Zhang, Yutao Lan","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08452-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08452-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is extremely common among adolescents and can significantly increase the risk of suicide when severe. High-dose intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a secure and efficacious physical treatment. However, clinical evidence in adolescents remains limited. This research is designed to assess the therapeutic impacts of high-dose iTBS on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation in adolescents suffering from acute depression, along with the factors linked to treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 61 patients were randomly assigned to either the high-dose iTBS group or the sham stimulation group. All participants received 10 daily sessions of high dose iTBS stimulation over a two-week period, targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Outcome measures assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up included 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) scores, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation - Chinese Version (BSI-CV), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Clinical factors influencing iTBS efficacy were further analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>At the end of the 10-day intervention, the high-dose iTBS group exhibited significantly lower HAMD-24 (p = 0.008, Cohen`s d = 0.71 [95%CI: 0.188-1.224]) and BSI-CV (p = 0.011, Cohen`s d = 0.67[95%CI: 0.154-1.186]) scores compared with the sham group, and this advantage persisted at the 1-month follow-up (Week 6) (HAMD-24: Cohen`s d = 0.96[ 95%CI: 0.43-1.49]; BSI-CV: Cohen`s d = 0.76[95%CI: 0.24-1.28]). In contrast, between-group differences in HAMA scores were non-significant both post-intervention (Week 2) and at the 1-month follow-up (Week 6) (p > 0.05). Moreover, poorer family functioning within the high-dose iTBS cohort was associated with diminished therapeutic benefit (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current research indicates that a 10-day course of high-dose iTBS is effective in alleviating depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression, and that the therapeutic effects persist for up to one month after the end of treatment. We also found that high-dose iTBS was less effective in patients with poor baseline family functioning.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese clinical trial Registry (ChiCTR2500101152), trial registration date: April 21, 2025(retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating interpretation bias and stress responses as risk factors in children of parents with depression.","authors":"Tonya Frommelt, Leonie Bäumler, Nicolas Rohleder, Anna Bartosch, Lily Schneider, Charlotte Sumpf, Anca Sfärlea, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Belinda Platt","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08408-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08408-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children of parents with depression, hereafter referred to as high-risk youth, are at elevated risk for mental illness, yet the mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain unclear. Biased interpretation of ambiguous information and altered stress responses in this population have been proposed as potential pathways. As no previous study has examined these factors together, we investigated interpretation bias and endocrinological and affective stress responses as potential markers of depression vulnerability in high-risk children. We hypothesised that children of parents with depression would show more negative interpretation bias, altered cortisol stress responses and greater affective reactivity and prolonged recovery compared to children of parents with no mental illness. Across the sample, associations between interpretation bias and stress responses were expected.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 80 high-risk (parental depression) and 77 low-risk (no parental mental illness) youth aged 10 to 14 years. Mental health was assessed using structured clinical interviews. Interpretation bias was measured using the Scrambled Sentences Task, and stress reactivity and recovery were indexed by salivary cortisol and self-reported affect across six time points. Group differences were tested with t-tests and analyses of covariance. Regressions examined the unique contribution of familial risk status beyond other relevant factors, including depression, anxiety, childhood trauma, pubertal status, and sex. Correlations examined associations between interpretation bias and cortisol and affective stress indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Groups did not differ in interpretation bias, or cortisol or affective stress responses. Children's own symptoms of psychopathology (depression slightly more so than anxiety) positively predicted their interpretation bias but not their cortisol or affective stress responses. Exploratory moderation analyses showed that higher baseline cortisol strengthened the relationship between depression and interpretation bias. Interpretation bias correlated with cortisol reactivity and recovery within the high-risk but not the low-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contrary to theoretical accounts, high-risk youth did not exhibit cognitive, affective, or endocrinological vulnerabilities relative to low-risk peers. Interpretation bias was found to be a promising target, robustly linked to clinical outcomes and tentatively to cortisol stress responses, though its absence in high-risk youth is in support of a more selective intervention approach.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was preregistered under the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00028842 on August 19, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13419086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal dysfunction and impulsive decision-making in female methamphetamine use disorder: a fNIRS study.","authors":"Hao Zhang, ShiNian Ou, Yousong Hu, Cunfeng Yuan, Qianli Zou, Huoyin Zhang, Peng Lei","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08434-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08434-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heightened preference for immediate over delayed rewards is a well-established feature of substance use disorders, yet the neural basis of this tendency in women with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) remains insufficiently characterized. Delay discounting provides a useful behavioral index of impulsive decision-making, and convergent evidence implicates prefrontal valuation and control systems in addiction-related choice abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five women with MUD and 25 healthy women completed an intertemporal decision-making task under gain and loss frames. Delay discounting rates were estimated using the hyperbolic discounting parameter (k). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) responses in predefined prefrontal regions of interest, with a focus on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Trait impulsivity/reinforcement sensitivity was assessed using the BIS/BAS scales. Behavioral discounting was analyzed using a linear mixed model, and neural indices were analyzed using repeated-measures ANCOVAs with age as a covariate and FDR correction across ROIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, women with MUD showed significantly steeper delay discounting, indicating a stronger preference for immediate outcomes. They also exhibited lower HbO responses in the right mOFC and left DLPFC during task performance, as well as reduced task-related HbO change in the right DLPFC. Lower right mOFC mean task-window HbO was associated with higher BIS/BAS composite scores. No robust Group × Frame interaction was observed for behavioral discounting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women with MUD showed altered intertemporal choice and reduced prefrontal hemodynamic responses in regions implicated in value evaluation and cognitive control. These findings support the relevance of prefrontal dysfunction to impulsive decision-making in female MUD while also indicating that framing-related effects should be interpreted cautiously. The study extends the limited literature on women with MUD and supports the use of fNIRS to examine prefrontal mechanisms of addiction-related decision-making.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment effects on sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors in major depressive disorder: implications for biomarkers.","authors":"Xiao Yang, Le Wang, Anlong Jiang, Zeyue Mu, Jiamin Chen, Manxue Hu, Feng Zhang, Xueqian Xu, Ke Zhao, Fang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08367-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08367-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) currently relies on subjective clinical assessments, highlighting a critical need for objective biological markers. The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway, a pivotal regulator of neuro-immune interactions, has emerged as a potential contributor to MDD pathophysiology, yet its role remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of S1P and its key receptors, S1PR1 and S1PR3, as potential diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for MDD, with a specific focus on sex differences and treatment effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with MDD (n = 56) underwent an 8-week treatment protocol were enrolled, alongside 42 healthy controls (HCs). Depression severity was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at baseline and 8-week visit. The plasma levels of S1P, S1PR1 and S1PR3 were measured at baseline and week 8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, plasma concentrations of S1P, S1PR1, and S1PR3 were significantly elevated in patients with MDD compared to HCs. All three markers significantly decreased and trended toward normal levels after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Notably, a significant sex-specific difference was observed for the receptors, baseline elevations of S1PR1 and S1PR3 were more obvious in female patients than in male patients. Furthermore, baseline S1P levels significantly predicted symptom improvement-as measured by changes in both HAMD-24 and PHQ-9 scores-whereas baseline S1PR levels alone did not. In addition, a combined panel of S1P, S1PR1, and S1PR3 yielded high diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9575.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data demonstrate a significant, sex-dependent dysregulation of the peripheral S1P signaling pathway in MDD, which is responsive to antidepressant treatment. The ability of baseline S1P to predict clinical outcomes and the encouraging diagnostic precision of the S1P-S1PR1-S1PR3 panel strongly support their potential as clinically applicable biomarkers. These results imply that the S1P pathway plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression, offering new possibilities for diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies in psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common mental disorders and associated factors among mothers of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Tsehaynesh Deneke, Agegnehu Bante, Nega Degefa, Chare Ute, Workneh Elias, Kinde Kibe, Temesgen Geta, Christian Kebede, Eshetu Elfios Endrias","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08449-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08449-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common mental disorders are a major public health issue that significantly affects mothers during the postnatal period. These disorders encompass various types, with depression, anxiety, and stress being among the most prevalent. They adversely impact quality of life, physical health, maternal role fulfillment, and childcare. Nevertheless, research on the prevalence of common mental disorders and their related factors among mothers of neonates in neonatal intensive care units is limited in the study area.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders among mothers of under-one month neonates at public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 10/2023 to February 23/2024 among mother whose neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 408 respondents were selected by using a systematic random sampling method, taking every 2th mothers. An English version of a structured questionnaire was adapted from related different literature. Data was entered and coded in Epidata version 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and P-values less than 0.05 were used to declare the strength and statistical significance of the association between independent and outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of common mental disorders among mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit with their admitted newborns was 12% with a 95% CI (8.65-14.94).Being a rural Residence [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI (1.21-0.5.27), having an unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 2.99, 95%CI (1.43-6.25)], having a cesarean delivery [AOR = 3.74, 95% CI (1.75-8.02)], and lacking of counseling services [AOR = 2.59, 95%CI (1.22-5.53)] were factors associated with common mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendations: </strong>The prevalence of common mental disorder was high among mothers with neonates aged below one month compared to the general population. Being a rural resident, lack of counseling services, unplanned pregnancies, and C-sections were linked to these disorders. Providing counseling support for self-care and coping strategies, along with integrating maternal mental health care into newborn care, is crucial for reducing the risk of developing common mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13711961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of negative life events on adolescents and young adults affective disorders: a moderated mediation analysis.","authors":"Youshan Ma, Fuling Wan, Jinglong Wu, Zhilin Zhang, Lichang Yao, Ting Jiang, Xiujun Li, Qingwen Xiao, Kaiyuan Chen, Qi Dai, Jinling Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08460-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08460-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent negative life events are important risk factors for affective disorders. However, it remains unclear whether visual comprehension mediates the relationship between negative life events and affective disorders. This study proposed that visual comprehension mediates the relationship between negative life events and affective disorders and that higher-level comprehensive control moderates this model. It also compared the dominant positions of the visual and auditory response control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 101 adolescent and young adult participants with first-episode depressive disorders attending a health centre outpatient department; of these, 84 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final sample. Negative life event levels was assessed using the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) and affective disorders, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90. Cognitive function was quantified using an integrated continuous visual and auditory performance test. The moderated mediation model comprised ASLEC as the independent variable; affective disorder, dependent; visual comprehension quotient (VCQ), mediator; and full-scale response control quotient (FSRCQ) and auditory response control quotients (ARCQ), moderators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VCQ mediated the relationship between ASLEC and affective disorders. FSRCQ moderated the overall model and the association between ASLEC and VCQ. ARCQ also moderated this model. Negative life events significantly positively correlated with affective disorders, with higher levels predicting higher severity. Moreover, visual comprehension facilitated this relationship, with an increase in negative life events significantly weakening visual comprehension, thereby exacerbating affective disorders. Individuals with higher comprehensive and auditory response controls showed stronger inhibitory effect of negative life events on visual comprehension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides preliminary empirical evidence of the relationship between negative life events, cognitive function, and affective disorders. Cognitive function mediates negative life events' impact on affective disorders in adolescents and young adults. In particular, auditory response control moderates the association between negative life events and visual comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13711912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in depression: dual-task event-related potentials and task-phase-dependent EEG functional connectivity.","authors":"Yongxiang Zhang, Jing Li, Huifei Zhang, Guangda Liu, Xin Yang, Yudan Lv","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08436-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08436-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the neurophysiological features underlying depression-related cognitive dysfunction via dual-task event-related potential (ERP) and task-phase-dependent electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty patients with depression (DP group) and 30 matched healthy controls (HC group) underwent EEG recordings across pre-task resting state, face perception task (indexed by N170), face mismatch conflict monitoring task (indexed by N270), and post-task resting state. Functional connectivity was quantified using imaginary coherence (iCoh), with between-group comparisons corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR). Correlation analyses between electrophysiological metrics and clinical variables were performed in the DP group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DP group exhibited prolonged latency and decreased amplitude of N170, prolonged latency and increased amplitude of N270, as well as task-phase-dependent multi-frequency brain network imbalances. In the DP group, longer N170 and N270 latencies were associated with more severe depressive symptoms, whereas task-phase-dependent functional connectivity abnormalities showed no significant associations with clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression was associated with electrophysiological abnormalities in emotional processing and conflict monitoring, as well as task-phase-dependent brain network imbalances, providing exploratory neurophysiological evidence related to depression-associated cognitive dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13715228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and response time in emotion recognition and mentalizing measures in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Alicia Ruiz-Toca, Alba Hernández-Gómez, Nelson Andrade-González, Cristina Fernández-Aragón, Bryan J Stiles, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez, Guillermo Lahera","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08379-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08379-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition, particularly in emotion recognition and mentalizing. Although these deficits have been extensively documented, most studies rely on static, highly controlled measures and focus primarily on accuracy-based outcomes, thereby limiting ecological validity. This study aimed to examine performance and response times across static and dynamic social-cognitive measures in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, and to investigate the effects of speed instructions on emotion recognition performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a sample of patients with schizophrenia (n = 90) and matched healthy controls (n = 100), we evaluated social cognition through two validated measures: the Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER-40) for emotion recognition and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) for mentalizing, respectively. Performance and response times were the main outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients showed worse performance and longer response times than controls on the ER-40 and MASC measures. Across the entire sample, there was a statistically significant inverse association between response time and the rate of correct answers in both ER-40 and MASC measures. Speed instructions in the ER-40 did not influence performance or response times in either group. In the MASC, patients exhibited more mentalizing errors than controls. Additionally, patients identified anger more quickly than fear or sadness, a pattern not observed in the healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating accuracy and response time provides a comprehensive characterization of social-cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating response time and dynamic measures to enhance the ecological validity of social-cognitive assessment and suggest that future rehabilitation programs may benefit from addressing both accuracy and response speed in emotion recognition and mentalizing domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of physical exercise on sleep quality in patients with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mingqi Wang, Lei Su, Lu Hao, Xiaojun Song, Jing Ma, Jing Guo, Bowen He, Mohan Hu, Runqing Wang, Yue Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08354-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08354-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As an evidence-based complementary modality, physical exercise showed significant potential in mitigating sleep disturbances across various populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine how physical exercise interventions influence the sleep quality among clinical populations diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) available from inception to March 1, 2026. Studies were included if they focused on exercise interventions in patients with psychiatric disorders, using sleep quality as the outcome. Assessment of risk of bias for the enrolled RCTs was conducted using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2. Data synthesis employed random-effects models to estimate Hedges' g, with subsequent subgroup analyses conducted according to the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 RCTs (24 comparisons) with 1628 participants were analyzed and results indicated a moderate overall effect size, indicating that physical exercise contributes to a significant improvement in sleep quality (g = -0.57, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.75, -0.38, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effect sizes for interventions characterized by a weekly frequency of ≥ 3 sessions (g = -0.60), aerobic modalities (g = -0.69), and low-to-moderate intensity (g = -0.70). Furthermore, Furthermore, larger effects were also observed for single sessions lasting ≥ 30 min (g = -0.58) and a total intervention duration under 12 weeks (g = -0.58) in patients with psychiatric disorders. Univariate meta-regression analyses revealed no significant linear moderating effects of intervention duration, frequency, volume, or total weekly exercise time on sleep quality (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, physical exercise serves as a potent complementary treatment option for enhancing sleep quality among individuals with mental health conditions. Following the exploration of candidate FITT dimensions, our findings offer actionable clinical insights for incorporating tailored exercise programs as a synergistic component of holistic psychiatric rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}