BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"\"And I don't know how I can protect him from everything that's coming\" - A qualitative study on minority stress among parents of transgender adolescents.","authors":"Alexandra Brecht, Maryam Amacha, Judy Alan Richter, Sibylle M Winter, Claudia Calvano","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06822-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06822-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents play a central role for transgender adolescents' well-being and their coping with minority stress, like discrimination, rejection and violence. Yet, little is known about the experiences of parents facing minority stress as they support their transgender children who are either awaiting or undergoing medical transition. Therefore, we aimed to first examine minority stress experiences reported by the parents with respect to distal and proximal stressors. Second, we aimed to explore whether experiences relate to children's stress experiences as secondary stress experiences, or if parents report minority stress directed at themselves as primary stress experiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the context of the participatory TRANS*PARENT study in Berlin, Germany, from April 2022 to September 2022 five focus groups were conducted with a total of 24 parents who have a transgender and/or non-binary child at the age of 11-18 years. Qualitative structuring content analysis was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents reported distal stressors such as structural problems (in education, medical, psychiatric and psychological institutions, leisure activities and sports) and social rejection (peer rejection like bullying and violence, gaslighting, intersectionality, blame of others). Proximal stressors covered fears of future/anticipated discrimination, internalized gender stereotypes, and self-blame. Most experiences were secondary stressors, related to the child's minority stress causing frustration and sadness for the parents, while especially fears of the future/anticipated discrimination, gaslighting and blame of others emerged as central primary stressors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results show a complex interaction of minority stressors affecting both parents and their transgender children on structural and social levels. The impairment of their child's education and worries about its safety and life prospects burdened parents the most. The additional direct and primary stress experiences might impede their efforts to navigate their child's transition process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In transgender health care, the multidimensionality of the structural and social impacts of marginalization needs to be addressed not only with respect to the transgender adolescents themselves, but also with respect to their caregivers. Further research should explore how child and parental stress interact and how family-based health care can alleviate stress on both child and parent level.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of attachment in panic disorder and separation anxiety disorder.","authors":"Mehmet Baltacioğlu, Fatma Gül Helvaci Çelik, Meltem Puşuroğlu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06852-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06852-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of attachment on the relationship between Panic Dısorder (PD) and Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>76 patients with PD, who consecutively applied to the Psychiatry outpatient clinic of Rize Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital between 1 April 2023 and 1 December 2023, and 79 healthy individuals were included in the study. The Panic Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA), and Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) were administered to the participants who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, it was found that the prevalence of ASAD was statistically significantly higher in patients with PD (66%) than in healthy individuals (34%) (p < 0.05). In the model created to examine the mediating effect of attachment on the relationship between PD and ASAD, it was observed that only ASAD had a direct effect on the development of PD (β = 0.063, 95% CI: 0.053, 0.306, p = 0.006). On the other hand, it was found that attachment styles did not play a mediating role in this relationship, either directly or indirectly (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that the prevalence of ASAD and insecure attachment problems was higher in patients with PD compared to healthy individuals. It was observed that there was no mediating effect of attachment in the relationship between PD and ASAD. On the other hand, it was determined that ASAD had a direct effect on the development of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of aggression and associated factors among inpatients with mental illness at tertiary hospitals in Southwestern Uganda.","authors":"Badru Kayongo, Godfrey Zari Rukundo, Alain Favina, Samuel Maling","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06865-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06865-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In mental health treatment facilities around the world, aggression aimed towards medical personnel and other patients is a serious issue. Types of aggression include; verbal aggression, aggression towards property, self-harm/auto-aggression, and physical aggression. Studies show 1 in 5 patients admitted to acute mental health care wards in high-income countries commit an act of physical violence during admission. In Uganda, there is limited literature on aggression among patients with mental illness admitted in psychiatric wards in our setting. This study aimed to investigate prevalence, types and associated factors of aggression among patients with mental illness admitted at tertiary hospitals in southwestern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study that involved 280 participants from four tertiary hospitals in southwestern Uganda. Aggression was assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a structured sociodemographic questionnaire. The prevalence of aggression was assessed using proportions and the associated factors were assessed using the multinomial logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of severe aggression was 42.9% with verbal aggression being the most common type while auto aggression was the least common. Involuntary admission and having a personal history of aggression were associated with all the 3 levels of aggression: mild, moderate and severe aggression, while having a positive family history of mental illness was associated with two levels of aggression (moderate and severe aggression). Having a history of substance use was only associated with moderate aggression and having history of childhood abuse was associated with severe aggression. Coming from a rural area was associated with severe aggression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of aggression is high among patients with mental illness admitted at tertiary hospitals in southwestern Uganda with verbal aggression being the commonest. Mental health professionals should pay attention to aggression among patients bearing in mind that people admitted involuntary, with personal history of aggression have a high likelihood of presenting with aggression. The mental health treatment facilities should consider adopting more of voluntary admission for patients presenting with aggression and only utilize involuntary admission when it is absolutely necessary and in line with the rights and responsibilities for patients with mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of antidepressant in post-myocardial infarction associated depression: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Hongquan Wan, He Li, Shuxin Luan, Chunguo Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06843-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06843-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to summarize the available data and assess whether antidepressants are effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of post-myocardial infarction (MI)-associated depression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of public databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library) was conducted for publications on interventions for post-MI depression before October 2024. Keywords included post-myocardial infarction depression, antidepressants, myocardial infarction, and depression. Pooled data were analyzed using Stata software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of twelve studies were included. At baseline, no significant difference was observed in depression severity between the antidepressant treatment and control groups (pooled SMD = -0.022, 95% CI: -0.087-0.044). Antidepressant treatment significantly reduced depression scores after long-term follow-up (pooled SMD = -1.023, 95% CI: -1.671- -0.375). The incidence of adverse cardiac events was not significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group (pooled HR = 0.893, 95% CI: 0.793-1.005). Antidepressants did not increase the risk of all-cause mortality (pooled HR = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.699-1.311), and there was no significant difference in the risk of rehospitalization for heart disease (pooled HR = 1.070, 95% CI: 0.820-1.398). Antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduced risk of MI recurrence (pooled HR = 0.787, 95% CI: 0.693-0.894) and revascularization procedures (pooled HR = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.755-0.975). Moderate-certainty evidence (GRADE assessment) supports antidepressant efficacy in improving depressive symptoms, while low-certainty evidence suggests potential cardiac risk reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrates that antidepressants are effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of post-MI depression. Antidepressants can improve depressive symptoms without adversely affecting long-term prognosis. The clinical application of these findings should consider the moderate certainty for symptom improvement and low certainty for MI recurrence benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distracted, hyperactive, and thriving: factors supporting everyday functioning in adults with ADHD.","authors":"Javeria Atique, Himanthri Weerawardhena, Emma A Climie, Brandy L Callahan","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06804-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06804-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Using a strengths-based framework, the present study sought to identify protective personal and social characteristics associated with functional ability among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four adults with ADHD (19-80 years old) completed self-report measures of everyday functioning, psychiatric symptoms, personality, social support, and coping strategies. Conscientious and extraverted personality traits, adaptive coping strategies, positive childhood experiences and available social support were investigated as potential protective factors supporting everyday functioning through partial correlation analyses adjusting for ADHD symptom severity and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. Significant correlates were tested as modifiers of ADHD-related functional impairments in moderated regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple significant correlations were found between functional impairment and each of the personality and social characteristics of interest. Positive childhood experiences and emotion-focused coping strategies were linked to better community functioning, and positive childhood experiences were also linked to better sexual functioning. Forms of tangible, belonging and self-esteem support were associated with better functioning in social and sexual relationships, as well as with overall functional ability. None of these factors moderated the association between ADHD symptom severity and overall functioning, indicating that the functional advantages of social support were observed regardless of the severity levels of ADHD symptoms or functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher ratings of social support were linked to better functioning across many life domains independent of ADHD symptom severity, suggesting that all people with ADHD - even those with relatively low symptoms - may thrive from the development of enhanced social connections. These conclusions need to be strengthened by supportive longitudinal evidence, as it is likely that many of these associations are bi-directional.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The internalized stigma, self-efficacy, occupational competence and employment outcome among persons with severe mental illness under one-to-one peer support services in Taiwan.","authors":"Kan-Yuan Cheng, Yi-Lin Wang, Wen-Chun Hung, Chia-Feng Yen","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06849-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06849-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In non-Western countries, the provision of services by peer support workers (PSWs) for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) has increased in recent years. However, the psychological and employment outcomes for both PSWs and service users remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2018 and 2019, a 28-hour PSW training curriculum was conducted at a community rehabilitation center in eastern Taiwan. Following the training, PSWs provided one-on-one support services to service users for 1 to 1.5 h per week over eight internship sessions, with a case-load ratio of 1:2 to 1:3. Internalized stigma, self-efficacy, and occupational competence were assessed using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale-Chinese (ISMI-C), General Self-Efficacy Scale-Chinese (GSS-C), and Traditional Chinese-Occupational Self-Assessment Scale (TC-OSA). Employment and work training data were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 PSWs and 31 service users participated in the program, with a mean age of 48.9 ± 8.8 years. More than half were female (n = 18, 58.1%), the majority lived in halfway houses (n = 27, 87.1%), and most were diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 29, 93.1%). By the end of the program, PSWs showed a significant improvement in the TC-OSA my environment subscale score (89.1 ± 16.0 vs. 92.2 ± 13.7, df = 28, t = 1.25, p = 0.22). Among the 29 service users who completed the program, weekly income significantly increased (USD 25.7 ± 32.7 vs. USD 47.9 ± 42.6, df = 28, Z = 3.02, p < 0.01). However, no significant changes were observed in other measured outcomes for either PSWs or service users.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participation in the program enhanced PSWs' ability to manage environmental challenges, while service users experienced an improvement in income following one-on-one peer support services. Future large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings. Training programs for PSWs in Taiwan could emphasize sharing experiences of overcoming stigma to enhance self-competence in community life.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a predictive model for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among freshmen.","authors":"Yan Qin, Sifang Niu, Xingmeng Niu, Yangziye Guo, Yu Sun, Shuzhang Hu, Fuqin Mu, Ying Zhang, Min Liu, Jianli Wang, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06827-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06827-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are fewer studies on prospective predictors of first-time suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) among first-year university students and fewer studies prospectively identifying and screening for those at high risk of suicide among college students. This study assessed the impact of prospective baseline variables on the risk of new STB onset among first-year university students over two years and developed a multivariate risk prediction model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>4,560 first-year university students (38.4% males, mean age:18.34) from China participated and completed this prospective cohort study over a three-year period from 2018 to 2020. LASSO regression, and logistic regression models under resilient networks, were used for risk predictor variable screening and final prediction model building. Independent validation sets were used for external validation of the models. Independent validation sets were used for external validation of the models. Area Under the Curve (AUC), accuracy, F1 scores, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test metrics were used to evaluate the model performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rates of suicidal thoughts, suicidal behaviors, and STB within two years were 4.89%,1.03%, and 4.96%, respectively. Predictors in the final model included females, always solo activity, bigotry under pressure, socially oriented perfectionism, drinking to relieve stress, autonomy attitude, poorer parental marriage satisfaction, maternal emotional warmth, perceived others social support, and number of lifetime severe traumatic events. The predictive model had an AUC of 0.738 (95% CI: 0.697-0.780) for predictive accuracy in the training dataset as well as 0.710 (95% CI: 0.657-0.763) for predictive accuracy in the validation dataset, which represents a high degree of model discrimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on this predictive model of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, this study may help to assess and screen college students at risk for STB and develop suicide prevention strategies for at-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with cognitive impairment for people with mental health disorders: screening from general hospitals and an emergency care unit in Brazil.","authors":"Alice Hirdes, Johanna de Almeida Mello, Wagner de Lara Machado, Elton Luiz Ferlin, John P Hirdes","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06805-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06805-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergency services and mental health units in general hospitals play a central role in the initial care and treatment of individuals with mental disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders and substance abuse can reduce cognitive deficits in this population. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with cognitive impairment for people with mental health disorders and addictions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study performed in two general hospitals and an Emergency Care Unit (UPA) in cities in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The interRAI Emergency Screener for Psychiatry (ESP) was used to describe the study population and to build an adjusted logistic model for the risk factors of cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 324 persons participated in the study (mean age: 41.8 ± 14.27, 50,2% female). The profile of people admitted to the different locations varied in several aspects according to the interRAI scales. The UPA received patients with acute conditions and higher scores on the Aggressive Behavior Scale, Mania Scale, the Scale of Harm to Others, and the Scale of Positive Symptoms. Patients at the university hospital had the highest rates of social withdrawal and a higher proportion of individuals with no insight into their mental health problems. The factors with the highest odds ratio were a diagnosis of schizophrenia (O.R.: 3.07; C.I. 1.13; 8.32), followed by self-care inability (O.R.: 2.87, 1.43; 5.77) and the aggressive behavior scale (2.85, 1.10; 7.44). A history of discharges, the Mania Scale and sleeping problems were also significantly associated with cognitive impairment. People being admitted to the UPA had lower odds of having cognitive impairment (O.R.: 0.18; 0.07; 0.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People diagnosed with schizophrenia were at very high risk of cognitive impairment. A prior history of discharges, inability to self-care, aggressive behavior, symptoms of mania and sleeping disturbances were also identified as risk factors. The interRAI EPS instrument showed to be useful to identify people with mental health disorders and substance abuse who were at risk of cognitive impairment. By early detecting these clients, professionals can refer them to adequate treatment, before symptoms increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of sexual health, knowledge, and behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Mahtab Motamed, Arman Hajikarim-Hamedani, Arghavan Fakhrian, Javad Alaghband-Rad","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06836-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06836-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects social interaction, communication, and behavior, with significant challenges in sexual experiences, relationships, and victimization. This review consolidates findings to improve understanding of sexual health in ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo (1991-2024) were reviewed. Data were extracted using EndNote 21, focusing on demographics, autism support needs, and sexual behaviors. Methodological quality was assessed using modified Cochrane and Effective Public Health Practice Project tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Autistic individuals face unique challenges in romantic and sexual relationships, such as sensory sensitivities and communication difficulties. While they share typical sexual desires, these challenges can complicate their relationships and increase the risk of victimization. The review highlights the need for tailored sexual health education and supportive interventions, particularly for those at higher risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review emphasizes the need for inclusive sexual health interventions for autistic individuals, considering the heterogeneity of ASD and its impact on sexual well-being. Further research should address current gaps, especially regarding non-Western contexts and individuals with co-occurring intellectual disabilities or gender diversity, to improve support and understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the evidence: a systematic review of reviews of the effectiveness and safety of digital interventions for ADHD.","authors":"Elia Gabarron, Kerstin Denecke, Guillermo Lopez-Campos","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06825-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06825-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) impacts academics, work and social relationships. Digital interventions, such as virtual reality, games, app and other, offer accessible therapeutic options, yet understanding their efficacy and potential adverse effects is crucial for safe use. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the efficacy and adverse effects reported in systematic reviews of digital interventions for ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews to assess the reported efficacy and safety of digital interventions for ADHD. We searched for relevant publications in Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. Both study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate to ensure accuracy and reduce bias. This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PRISMA-harms checklist, and we used AMSTAR-2 to assess the quality and risk of bias of the included reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 systematic reviews on digital interventions for ADHD were included. These reviews collectively involved 34,442 participants, with the majority focusing on children and adolescents. The digital interventions analyzed included video games, computerized cognitive training, virtual reality, apps, and others. The outcomes reported various positive effects, such as improvements in inattention and executive function, though evidence was generally low quality. Adverse effects were reported in 8 of the 26 included reviews (30,1%), and included physical discomfort, emotional reactions, and behavioral issues, such as video game addiction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review of systematic reviews indicates that while digital interventions for ADHD show potential benefits, their effectiveness remains inconclusive due to low evidence quality. Adverse effects, particularly from video games, have been reported but are inconsistently documented. Future research should focus on rigorous safety assessments, standardized reporting, and long-term effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This systematic review is registered in Prospero: CRD42024521084.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}