BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of depression among caregivers of children with malnutrition in Gedeo zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: case-control study.","authors":"Biazin Yenealem Mekuriaw, Alemayehu Molla, Misrak Negash, Tadese Teferi, Endashaw Habtamu, Mastewal Aschale, Aklile Tsega","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06959-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06959-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, significantly impacting global health, particularly for women. It accounts for 4.3% of the total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), making it a major contributor to global disability. The high rate of depression in developing nations, the caregiving responsibilities of caregivers, their susceptibility to depression, and maternal mental health in these nations may significantly impact childhood development. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the predictors of depression among caregivers of children with malnutrition in Gedeo Zone public hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 226 caregivers (113 cases and 113 controls). Depression of caregivers was assessed using a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors, and the association was presented with an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, not attended formal education [AOR = 2.9(95%CI: 1.0-8.1)], unemployment [AOR = 3.7, (95% CI: 1.4-9.7)], low socioeconomic status [AOR = 3.3 (95% CI: 1.2-9.4)], physical abuse [AOR = 2.3(95% CI = 1.2-3.3)], poor social support [AOR = 2.6(95% CI: 1.0-6.5)], and stunting [AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4] were a significant positive predictors of depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Nearly half of the study participants had a significant burden of depression among caregivers of malnourished children; particularly those facing not attended formal education, unemployment, low socioeconomic status, physical abuse, poor social support, and having a stunted child. Therefore, implementing early depression screening and interventions is crucial. Additionally, enhancing caregiver education, reducing unemployment, strengthening social support systems, preventing stunted physical growth, and boosting parents' financial stability with malnourished children are essential strategies for sustainable improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acceptability and feasibility of an internet-administered, guided, low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for parents of children treated for cancer: findings from a qualitative study involving public contributors.","authors":"Ella Thiblin, Johan Lundgren, Mattias Bergqvist, Tho Huynh, Christina Reuther, Sandra Rösler, Joanne Woodford, Louise von Essen","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06897-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06897-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite parents of children treated for cancer commonly reporting psychological difficulties such as symptoms of depression and anxiety, there is a lack of evidence-based psychological interventions tailored to their needs. We therefore developed an internet-administered, guided, low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy-based self-help intervention (EJDeR). We examined the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and study procedures in the single-arm feasibility trial ENGAGE. Results suggested the intervention and study procedures are feasible and acceptable. However, a need for modifications and refinements to the intervention and study procedures was identified. We conducted a qualitative interview study to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and study procedures from the perspective of parents to inform modifications and refinements to the intervention and study procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 parents (17 fathers, 35 mothers). A public contribution group (three parents of children treated for cancer) analysed the data independently from the research team and contributed to dissemination. An inductive content analysis was performed using the Framework Method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention was perceived as acceptable and relevant, and parents expressed positive attitudes toward internet-administered support. However, parents identified a need for adaptations to intervention content, e.g., a greater focus on the family, trauma, and the cancer experience. Barriers to engagement were also identified, including technical difficulties and a need for modifications to improve intervention user-friendliness and smartphone and/or tablet compatibility. Study procedures were also perceived as acceptable and feasible. However, a need was identified to improve parents' understanding of the study and to reduce the amount and frequency of assessments. The public contributors' analysis was similar to that of the research team. However, the research team overlooked important nuances. For example, the public contributors' analysis highlighted parents' difficulties distinguishing between the intervention and study procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intervention and study procedures were perceived as acceptable and feasible. However, the need for important modifications and refinements were suggested to improve future acceptability and feasibility. Involving public contributors in the analysis resulted in developing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the data.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN 57,233,429 (Registration date: 19/04/2018); ISRCTN 18,404,129 (Registration date: 25/11/2019).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation in reducing craving in patients with alcohol use disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dae Jin Kim, Hyunsuk Jeong, Su Yeon Kim, Young Hwa Kim, Hyeon Woo Yim","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06883-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06883-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Craving plays a central role in reinforcing alcohol use disorder (AUD), and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown potential as a therapeutic intervention in AUD. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety following the application of NIBS in patients with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases for articles published up to June 30, 2024 using predefined search terms identified a total of 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 22 units. The primary outcome of this study was the change in craving severity. The secondary outcome was the rate of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the effect of alcohol craving severity reduction between the NIBS group and the sham group, the NIBS group showed a significant reduction in alcohol craving severity compared to the sham group (SMD = -0.211; 95% CI = -0.379 to -0.042). The I² value was 22.2%, indicating a low level of heterogeneity (p = 0.17). Regarding safety, the NIBS group had an increased rate of adverse events compared to the sham group, but this was not significant (OR = 1.494; 95% CI = 0.834 to 2.675). In a subgroup analysis based on the types of NIBS, only transcranial direct current stimulation showed a significant effect (SMD = -0.214; 95% CI = -0.427 to -0.002). Subgroup analyses of stimulation parameters in NIBS showed that a significant reduction in craving severity was observed when NIBS was applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (SMD = -0.200; 95% CI = -0.381 to -0.019) and when multiple sessions were administered (SMD = -0.388; 95% CI = -0.620 to -0.156). In addition, a significant reduction in craving severity due to delayed effects was observed even 4 weeks after the last stimulation (SMD = -0.553; 95% CI = -0.979 to -0.126), but this finding should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NIBS is effective in reducing the severity of craving in patients with AUD. This study provides the latest evidence on the effect of NIBS in reducing craving severity in AUD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring causal associations between plasma metabolites and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Shangyun Shi, Ancha Baranova, Hongbao Cao, Fuquan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06951-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06951-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies reported altered levels of plasma metabolites in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aim to explore the causal link between plasma metabolites and ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between plasma metabolites and ADHD and the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets were sourced from public databases. GWAS summary datasets were used in the study, including ADHD (n = 292,548) and 871 plasma metabolites (n = 8,299). Moreover, we used DrugBank and ChEMBL to evaluate whether the identified metabolites are potential therapeutic targets, and in addition, Bayesian colocalization analyses were conducted to assess the shared genetic signals between these metabolites and ADHD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our MR analysis identified 20 plasma metabolites that conferred protective effects against the risk of ADHD, including dimethylglycine, 3-methoxytyramine sulfate, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (OR: 0.97-0.98). Additionally, 22 metabolites were associated with an increased risk of ADHD, including N-acetylneuraminate and 3-indoleglyoxylic acid (OR:1.01-1.03). Druggability evaluation showed that 12 of the ADHD-related metabolites have been targeted by pharmacological interventions. For example, doconexent has been used to increase the levels of docosahexaenoic acid. Our reverse MR analysis showed that genetic liability to ADHD may affect the abundance of 91 metabolites. Notably, several plasma metabolites had bidirectional causal associations with ADHD, including docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3), docosatrienoate (22:3n3), N1-methyladenosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and 4-allylcatechol sulfate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study supported a causal role of plasma metabolites in the susceptibility to ADHD, and the identified metabolites may provide a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate variability and heart rate asymmetry in adolescents with major depressive disorder during nocturnal sleep period.","authors":"Wanlin Chen, Haisi Chen, Wenchen Jiang, Cheng Chen, Moya Xu, Haoxuan Ruan, Hang Chen, Zhenghe Yu, Shulin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06911-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06911-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), substantial between-study heterogeneity and conflicting outcomes exist. Moreover, few studies have investigated heart rate asymmetry (HRA) features despite the high sensitivity of nonlinear indices to heart rate fluctuations. This study aimed to investigate the variations in HRV measures, especially the nonlinear features of HRA, among adolescents with MDD during the nocturnal sleep period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents with MDD and healthy controls completed the clinical assessment of depressive symptom severity and sleep quality followed by a three-night sleep electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Traditional time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures, nonlinear HRA measures, and the prevalence of different HRA forms and HRA compensation were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 participants with 154 nocturnal ECG time series were available for analysis. Vagally-mediated HRV measures, such as RMSSD, PNN50, and HF, as well as C1_d were statistically lower in clinically depressed adolescents compared with healthy controls, whereas C2_d was significantly higher. A substantial decrease in the prevalence of short-term HRA, long-term HRA, and the corresponding compensation effect were also observed. In contrast to the medium to large effect sizes observed in traditional HRV indices, nonlinear HRA features showed extremely large effect sizes in discriminating MDD (C1_d: Cohen's d= - 1.38; C2_d: Cohen's d = 1.11), and exhibited a statistical correlation with the severity of depression (C1_d: rho = - 0.269; C2_d: rho = 0.243). Moreover, there were no significant differences in the distributions of nocturnal HRA measures collected over various nights.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents with MDD suffered a significant decrease in vagal tone compared to healthy controls, and the features focusing on the directionality of heart rate variations may provide further information on cardiac autonomic activity associated with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of physical activity on anxiety through sleep quality among Chinese high school students: evidence from cross-sectional study and longitudinal study.","authors":"Xianghe Chen, Yuxin Yang, Chenghao Zhong, Xinyu Zeng, Xiao Qiu, Xiangxiang Zhou, Chi Liu, Zhikai Tian, Bo Liu, Rongbin Yin","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06909-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06909-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorder is a significant concern in the context of mental health among Chinese high school students. Based on cross-sectional study and longitudinal study, this study constructed mediation models in order to evaluate the mediation effects of sleep quality in the improvement of anxiety by physical activity among Chinese high school students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32,974 Chinese high school students were surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7). We conducted the survey to construct a mediation model of anxiety, and then verified it with longitudinal data. After 12 weeks of exercise, 80 high school students were tested for physical activity level, sleep quality score and anxiety level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mediation model based on cross-sectional study showed a good fit with the data. Physical activity significantly positively predicted sleep quality but negatively predicted anxiety. Sleep quality significantly negatively predicted anxiety and had a mediation effect between physical activity and anxiety. Further longitudinal study proved that physical activity could improve both sleep quality and anxiety among high school students.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence from cross-sectional study and longitudinal study indicated the mediation role of sleep quality in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety among high school students, providing a theoretical and practical basis for physical exercise to improve high school students' anxiety and other psychological problems. Besides, physical activity could relieve anxiety through sleep quality, but causality cannot be inferred when using only a cross-sectional study design.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.","authors":"Yangyan Fan, Ahui Fan, Zhiping Yang, Daiming Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06932-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06932-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental disorders, one of the leading causes of the global health-related burden, which has been exacerbated by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021). In this study, we aim to provide global, regional, and national estimates of the mental disorders burden from 1990 to 2021, including during the COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) on the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASR) of 12 mental disorders from 204 countries and regions. The socio-demographic index (SDI) was used to evaluate the correlation between mental disorders burden and different regions. We utilized joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, there were 444,397,716 incident cases and 155,418,119 DALYs globally from mental disorders. From 1990 to 2021, there was an upward trend in both ASIR [15.23% (12.97-17.60%)] and ASR [17.28% (15.06-19.44%)]. In 2021, the highest ASIR was observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa (8706.11), while the lowest was in East Asia (3340.99). Australia (2787.87) had the highest ASR. Nationally, Greenland, Greece, the United States, and Australia had the highest ASRs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, aside from East Asia, both the ASIR showed an upward trend in the five SDI and other GBD regions. In 2021, the ASR for females was higher than that for males. Among the 12 subtypes, major depressive disorder (557.87) and anxiety disorders (524.33) had the highest ASR. Major depressive disorder ranked first in ASR in 13 of the 21 regions worldwide. Despite the overall upward trend in DALYs for mental disorders [AAPC: 5.96; 95%CI: (4.99, 6.92)], the ASR exhibited varying trends among different subtypes, with anxiety disorders experiencing the most significant increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GBD 2021 showed that the burden of mental disorders has increased over the past three decades, with notable regional disparities. High SDI regions and females should be paid more attention. To alleviate future burdens, providing comprehensive mental health support, establishing effective mental health knowledge dissemination and tailored interventions are in great need.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive mental wellbeing or symptoms of depression? Discriminant validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.","authors":"Leif Edvard Aarø, Marit Knapstad, Otto Robert Smith","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06922-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06922-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scales for the measurement of mental wellbeing and psychological distress are often used as if they measure different underlying concepts. This assumption is addressed in the present study by examining the discriminant validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) with respect to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study is based on data (n = 1690) from a baseline data collection which was carried out as part of the evaluation of 'Prompt Mental Health Care' (PMHC), the Norwegian Version of the British 'Improving Access to Psychological Therapies' (IAPT) services. PMHC offers low-threshold treatment for patients with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. Three out of four of the sample were women and three out of four were in the age range 21-50 years. Data were examined by means of structural equation- and latent variable modeling, including bifactor analysis and MIMIC models. Both the 7-item and 14-item versions of the WEMWBS were considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(i) The correlations between PHQ-9 and the WEMWBS scales were strong and negative, approaching -0.80 in the latent model analyses with the full (14 items) WEMWBS scale. (ii) Psychometric indices derived from the bifactor models suggested that the WEMWBS-7 and PHQ-9 jointly, and the WEMWBS-14 and PHQ-9 jointly were essentially unidimensional. (iii) The associations between PHQ-9 and a set of demographic variables were similar to associations between the WEMWBS scales and the same set of demographic variables, only with reversed signs. (iv) Associations between the residual WEMWBS scales and a set of demographic variables decreased strongly when removing the reliable variance accounted for by the general depressive symptoms factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study suggest that the WEMWBS may lack discriminant validity with regard to the PHQ-9 in a sample of primary care patients with mild-to-moderate anxiety and/or depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear self-acceptance and nonlinear social comparison: interacting influences on adolescent depression.","authors":"Qian-Nan Ruan, Guang-Hui Shen, Yu-Wei Wu, Dongwu Xu, Wen-Jing Yan","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06873-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06873-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research builds on the understanding that low self-acceptance is an important feature of adolescent depression, and that social comparison is a critical factor in self-concept formation during adolescence. However, there are gaps in our understanding of their interactive effects and the non-linear features between these factors in influencing adolescent depression.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study attempts to test two main hypotheses: (1) increased levels of self-acceptance will correlate with reduced depressive symptoms and moderate the negative effects of social comparison on depression; and (2) the relationship between social comparison and depression will exhibit nonlinearity at different levels of self-acceptance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved 243 adolescents undergoing psychiatric assessment, using dyadic polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis. These methods were used to assess linearity or nonlinearity and interaction effects between self-acceptance, social comparison and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant findings included a strong negative correlation between self-acceptance and depression. Self-acceptance also showed a negative correlation with social comparison. Polynomial regression revealed a non-linear relationship between social comparison and depression, with moderate levels being beneficial but excessive levels being detrimental. The interaction effect suggested that high self-acceptance might buffer the negative effects of intense social comparison. Furthermore, response surface analysis revealed complex, non-linear interactions between these variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the protective role of self-acceptance against depression and the complex, non-linear effects of social comparison. It highlights the importance of promoting self-acceptance and a balanced approach to social comparison in adolescent mental health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentrations and depression in US adult women: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhong, Chunyue Fang, Tianliang Yao, Hongjin Wang, Min Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06934-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06934-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence has demonstrated a positive association of inflammation with depression. As an acute-phase reactant predominantly synthesized in hepatocytes, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) serves as a sensitive biomarker of inflammation. However, there is a limited study to explore the relationship between AGP and depression. Currently, the association of AGP with depression is controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2021 and 2023. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was employed to assess depressive symptoms, with a score ≥ 10 indicating clinically relevant depression. We utilized weighted multivariate logistic regression for depression outcomes, weighted linear regression for continuous PHQ-9 scores, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to examine potential nonlinear relationships between AGP and depression. To evaluate the robustness of these associations, we conducted comprehensive subgroup analyses with interaction tests and multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum AGP concentrations exhibited a significant positive association with depression among U.S. adult women, demonstrating a linear dose-response relationship. In the fully adjusted model, each ln-unit increase in AGP concentrations was associated with a 1.13-fold higher odds ratio of depression (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.26-3.64) and a 1.47-point elevation in PHQ-9 values (β: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.37-2.56). Moreover, participants in the highest AGP quartile had a 0.72-fold increased odds ratio of depression (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.03-2.87) and a 1.32-point higher PHQ-9 score (β:1.32, 95% CI: 0.31-2.34) compared to those in the lowest quartile. This positive association remained consistent across multiple subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum AGP concentrations demonstrated a significant positive linear association with depressive symptoms among nationally representative samples of U.S. adult women.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}