BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of depression and its correlates among undergraduate health science students in Mogadishu, Somalia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Bashiru Garba, Samiro Ali Mohamed, Maria Mowlid Mohamed, Hodo Aideed Asowe, Najib Isse Dirie, Yushau Umar, Jamal Hassan Mohamoud, Mohamed Hussein Adam, Jihaan Hassan, Fartun Abdullahi Hassan Orey, Abdullahi Abdirahman Omar, Ibrahim Abdullahi Mohamed, Mohamad Mustaf Ahmed, Samira Abdullahi Moalim","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06553-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06553-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression among undergraduate health science students is increasingly recognized as a significant public health issue globally. These students face immense academic pressure, often leading to stress and mental exhaustion, particularly for students studying in a humanitarian crisis situation. However, there is a scarcity of information in this regard in higher education institutions in Somalia. Hence, this investigation was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression and its correlates health science students in Somalia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 health science students from some universities in Mogadishu, Somalia. The data was collected from students studying medicine, nursing and midwifery, laboratory science and public health at SIMAD university, Banadir university, Mogadishu university and Jamhuriya university, all located in Mogadishu. Simple random sampling based on class list was used to select the participants and a web-based self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen for depression. The collected data were cleaned and checked for completeness before exporting into SPSS version 27 Statistical software for analysis, where descriptive statistics as well as logistic regression analysis was done to determine the independent predictors of the outcome variable. Significant association was determined at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The prevalence of depression among the students was 58.6%. A total of 41.5% (133/321) of the participants were free from depression (Normal), while 30.8% had mild depression, 27.1% had moderate depression and 0.6% had severe depression. Analysis of the association between the sociodemographic variables and depressive state of the participant showed statistical significance (p-value = 0.045) for course of study. Students studying nursing and midwifery had the highest case of depression with 68.6% (59/86), followed by public health 66.7% (30/45), laboratory science 52.3% (34/65), and medicine having the least number of depressed students with 52.0% students (65/125). Similarly, gender of students was also found to be statistically significant (p-value = 0.001) with female students having 65% depression which is 41.1% of the total students studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of depression among health science students in Mogadishu was high and positively associated with gender, having trouble with authorities, emotional problems, as well as experience of sexual abuse or violence. Hence, routine screening and monitoring of students' mental health state on the campus and providing mental health services is necessary to address this growing problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the German Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire in autistic adults.","authors":"Isabel Marie Jakob, Veit Roessner, Melanie Ring","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06504-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06504-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We validated the German version of the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ), a self-report questionnaire for adults assessing the processing of stimuli regarding hypo- and hypersensitivity in seven sensory modalities. Since the GSQ is intended for the use in autistic adults, we aimed to complement our previous study on students with high and low Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ; Zeisel et al., BMC Psychiatry 23:426, 2023), by surveying groups of autistic and non-autistic adults, to present the sensory processing profiles of the two groups, to identify the factor structure of the questionnaire in a group of autistic individuals and to identify the diagnostic value of a cut-off score for heightened sensory sensitivity in German autistic adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of autistic and non-autistic adults (each n = 86) completed the same German version of the GSQ as used in Zeisel et al. (BMC Psychiatry 23:426, 2023), the AQ and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Factor analyses were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The German GSQ showed good to excellent reliability. While the factor structure could not be confirmed, main findings of other validation studies were replicated: AQ and GSQ scores were moderately to strongly associated, with higher AQ and GSQ scores for autistic than for non-autistic individuals. Autistic individuals also showed more consistency in their sensitivity across sensory modalities. A third of the autistic participants had heightened sensory sensitivity, when a cut-off was set at the 95th percentile of the non-autism group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this German version of the GSQ can be considered a validated self-report questionnaire assessing sensory sensitivity particularly in autistic individuals. It can be used to assess sensory sensitivity in the diagnostic process of autism spectrum disorder and to assess an individual's sensory needs and strengths for best possible support. Further studies are required, especially to assess the internal structure of the GSQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey on mental health among resident physicians: psychological resilience as a mediator.","authors":"Yunjuan He, Shengnan Lin, Yixuan Wang, Bo Zhang, Yifan Wang, Shouqin Sheng, Xinlong Gu, Wenyan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06517-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06517-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disturbances (SD) among resident physicians have been shown to negatively impact their mental health, potentially leading to suicidal ideation (SI) and reduced life satisfaction (LS). Psychological resilience (PR) is thought to buffer the negative effects of stressors, including SD, and may play a mediating role in this relationship. However, the specific mechanisms linking SD, PR, SI, and LS remain underexplored. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of PR in the relationship between SD, SI, and LS among resident physicians in China, building upon existing theories of resilience and stress in medical professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous four-part survey was conducted with 453 resident physicians training in tertiary hospital in China. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 27.0). The study employed structural equation modeling(SEM) to examine the interplay of variables and conducted a multiple-group analysis using Analysis of Moment Structure (version 23.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on a hypothetical model, SEM revealed that PR played a partial mediating role in the relationship between SD and SI (52.10% of the total effect of SD on SI was direct, and 47.90% of the total effect was mediated by PR). Moreover, in the relationship between SD and LS, PR also acted as a partial mediator, accounting for 79.00% of the direct effect of SD on LS and 21.00% of the effect mediated by PR. The multiple-group analysis further revealed that individuals over 25 years exercise more PR to enhance LS (t = 2.703, p < 0.01), and those with normal weight were less affected by SD in terms of LS (t = - 2.322, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PR serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between SD and both SI and LS. These findings highlight the importance of fostering PR in resident physicians to mitigate the adverse effects of SD on their mental health and well-being. Policymakers and medical institutions should prioritize interventions aimed at improving sleep quality and supporting mental health to enhance the overall well-being of resident physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of energy or macronutrient intake in three meals with depression in adults with cardiovascular disease: the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018.","authors":"Hongquan Xie, Yueying Chen, Jijiao Tang, Yuteng Ma, Ying Liu, Xiyun Ren","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06541-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06541-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is growing evidence that individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are more likely to develop depression. The timing of food intake can significantly alter the body's circadian rhythm and affect the occurrence of depression. Currently, it is unknown whether and how energy or macronutrient intake times are associated with depression in adults with CVD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate dietary energy or macronutrient intake (across three meals) associations with depression in adults with CVD in a nationally representative sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 3,490 U.S. adults with CVD (including 554 with depression) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2018. Energy and macronutrient intake was measured by a 24-h dietary recall, and depression was diagnosed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, score ≥ 10). According to dietary energy or macronutrient intake across three meals, adults with CVD were divided into five groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associations between energy or macronutrient intake and depression after adjusting for a series of confounding factors, including age, gender, education level, household income, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, marital status, skipping breakfast/lunch/dinner, total energy, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA intake, T2DM and hypertension status, and BMI. Dietary substitution models were used to explore changes in depression risk when 5% dietary energy intake at dinner or lunch was substituted with energy intake at breakfast.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When compared with participants in the lowest quintile of breakfast energy intake, those who received energy intake in the highest quintile at breakfast were associated with lower depression risk in those with CVD, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.91). When compared with participants in the lowest quintile of lunch or dinner energy intake, the risk of depression did not exhibit statistical significance when lunch or dinner energy intake was in the highest quintile, and the adjusted ORs were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.83) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.37), respectively. Isocalorically replacing 5% of total energy at dinner or lunch with breakfast was associated with 5% (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97) and 5% (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.96) lower risk of depression, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High energy intake at breakfast may be associated with a lower risk of depression in those with CVD. We should focus on the potential role of breakfast energy intake in preventing the onset of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD-NET): a naturalistic pilot trial during the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychiatric outpatient department in Germany.","authors":"Elisabeth Kohls, Sabrina Baldofski, Julia Scholl, Oskar Flygare, Lina Lundström, Ursula Beyrich-Kolbus, Marc Steinbrecher, Christian Rück, Christine Rummel-Kluge","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06519-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06519-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, access to CBT and specialized treatments is often limited. This pilot study describes the implementation of a guided Internet-Based CBT program (ICBT) for individuals seeking treatment for OCD in a psychiatric outpatient department in Leipzig, Germany, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to investigate the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of the ICBT program for OCD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In an open, naturalistic pilot trial, N = 57 patients with OCD received a 10-week ICBT program (called \"OCD-NET\"). It consisted of 10 different modules covering psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention, and overall therapist support and guidance through the program. The primary outcome was feasibility and acceptance of the OCD-NET program assessed via recruitment and retention rate, adherence and user satisfaction. Secondary outcomes were OCD symptoms at the end of treatment, assessed using the self-report Obsessive Compulsive Inventory - Revised (OCI-R) and self-rated measures of depressive symptoms, quality of life, self-efficacy, and psychological distress. Additionally, treatment credibility, working alliance, and satisfaction were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;On average, participants completed 6.30 (SD = 3.21) modules, and n = 19 (33.9%) participants completed all 10 modules of the program. Overall, n = 45 (78.9%) were treatment completers (minimum 4 modules completed), n = 11 (19.3%) were non-completers, and n = 1 (1.8%) was a dropout. Satisfaction with the program was high, with a majority of participants indicating that they would recommend it to others (n = 56, 98.2%) and that it provided the support they needed (n = 49, 86.0%).Mixed-effect models showed a significant reduction in OCD symptoms (OCI-R), with large within-group effect sizes in both intention-to-treat (ITT) and completer analyses. In ITT analyses, the OCI-R decreased significantly with a within-group effect size of d = 1.13 (95% CI 0.88 - 1.38). At post-treatment, n = 17 (29.8%) participants showed a treatment response on the OCI-R (≥ 40% reduction). The treatment also resulted in statistically significant improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.90 [0.65; 1.15]) and self-efficacy (d = -0.27 [-0.53; -0.00]). No significant differences were observed in quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) or psychological distress (Mini-SCL GSI) scores between baseline and post-treatment, in either the ITT or completer analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The OCD-NET program is overall highly acceptable and appears to meet patients' needs in routine care, even under pandemic constraints. ICBT with therapist guidance significantly reduces OCD and depressive symptoms in real world settings. The results also suggest that this ICBT program could be integrated into routine psy","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subgroups based on fears of evaluation exhibited different social anxiety levels.","authors":"Yifei Zhang, Junwen Chen, Haiping Liao, Limei Zhou, Hua Zhang, Yunglung Tang, Aiyue Huang, Ofir Turel, Yin Wu, Qinghua He","doi":"10.1186/s12888-024-06454-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-024-06454-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bivalent fear of evaluation model proposes that fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE) are distinct but related constructs, and that social anxiety arises when they are elevated. This represents a variable-centered perspective. However, a recent review suggested that individuals may be affected by unique combinations of FNE and FPE because they have different functions, mechanisms, and outcomes. Such patterns can be revealed by taking a person-centered approach. To explore this, the current study employed latent profile and k-means clustering analyses in four independent samples (total n = 2,913) to identify subgroups based on FNE and FPE levels. Between-group levels of social anxiety were further examined. Results demonstrated that participants could be classified into four groups: (1) high bivalent fears of evaluation group, (2) high FNE group, (3) high FPE group, and (4) low fears of evaluation group. Importantly, significant differences in social anxiety levels were found among these groups. Our findings extend the bivalent fear of evaluation model to a person-centered perspective and enable clinicians to tailor interventions that specifically address distinct underlying fears of evaluation. This may facilitate more effective treatment for individuals with social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intention to utilize mental health and suicide prevention resources in a community sample during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Lisa J Cohen, Rawad El Hayek, Benedetta Imbastaro, Inna Goncearenco, Sifan Zheng, Megan L Rogers, Maurizio Pompilli, Igor Galynker","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06492-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06492-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to identify populations with elevated mental health needs during this crisis. This study investigated demographic correlates of reported intention to utilize mental health (MH) and suicide prevention (SP) resources in a community sample during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 1,978 adults in the United States completed an anonymous online survey between June 2020 and February 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intent to utilize MH resources was associated with younger age, single marital status, female gender, and Hispanic vs. White race/ethnicity. Intent to utilize SP resources was associated with younger age, single marital status, and was greater among Black and Hispanic vs. White race/ethnicity. Lower education was associated with MH and SP utilizers in bivariate analysis. Indirect effects of Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) symptoms were found on the association of age, gender, and marital status with MH utilization and of age, marital status, and education with SP Utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific demographic populations demonstrate greater interest in mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. These help-seeking patterns can be explained in part by an elevated level of SCS symptoms, suggesting greater levels of distress were driving expressed intention to utilize service referrals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Levels of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Omran Davarinejad, Saeid Komasi, Mohammad-Taher Moradi, Farzaneh Golmohammadi, Maryam Bahrami, Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian, Masumeh Jalalvand, Sara Hookari, Fatemeh Kazemisafa","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06498-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06498-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has emerged as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia (SCZ). However, GDNF levels remain unclear in affected individuals compared to healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to calculate a pooled estimate of GDNF levels in patients with SCZ in comparison with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct for published studies from the first date available up to 17 June 2024. Twelve studies (n = 817 patients and 691 healthy controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed, addressing heterogeneity and publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random-effects estimates (d = -0.80, p < 0.001) of the present meta-analysis revealed a significant mean difference in GDNF levels between SCZ patients and healthy controls. Subgroup analyses indicated that the standardized mean difference of GDNF was larger in European samples (d = -1.01, p ≤ 0.001) than in the Asian population (d = -0.61, p = 0.011). Non-medicated SCZ patients (d = -1.08, p ≤ 0.001) exhibited lower GDNF levels than those on medication (d = - 0.70, p = 0.004). Additionally, patients with a disease duration of ≥ 10 years showed lower levels of GDNF (d = -0.93, p = 0.058 versus d = -0.82, p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggested that GDNF may be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying altered GDNF levels and exploring its implications for treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive control in individuals with heroin use disorder after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment.","authors":"Wei Zhao, Fan Duan, Xiangyu Li, Junda Li, Lingling Xia, Zixuan Ren, Yegang Li, Li Song, Peipei Song, Linlin Mu, Lijin Wang, Jing Zhang, Xun Song, Ze Wang, Jinxuan Chen, Xiaochu Zhang, Dongliang Jiao","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06523-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06523-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although impaired cognitive control is common during the acute detoxification phase of substance use disorders (SUD) and is considered a major cause of relapse, it remains unclear after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The aim of the present study was to elucidate cognitive control in individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD) after prolonged MMT and its association with previous relapse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 63 HUD subjects (41 subjects with previous relapse and 22 non-relapse subjects, mean MMT duration: 12.24 ± 2.92 years) and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Eye tracking tasks, prospective memory tasks, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) were used to assess cognitive control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HUD individuals exhibited worse saccade error rate and executive dysfunction but showed no significant impairment in prospective memory. Additionally, the relapsers performed worse in terms of antisaccade amplitude and velocity at higher difficulty gradients (11° or 16°). Antisaccade performance in terms of amplitude and velocity was negatively correlated with executive function scores. Deficits in inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and self-monitoring were found to mediate the relationship between previous relapse and impaired antisaccade performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even after prolonged MMT, HUD individuals still show partial impairments in cognitive control and antisaccade performance. Previous relapse exacerbates cognitive control deficits through executive dysfunction in inhibition, cognitive flexibility and self-monitoring, which can be screened by higher difficulty of antisaccade amplitude and velocity. More importantly, saccade error rate can reflect impaired inhibitory control in HUD individuals, whereas antisaccade amplitude and velocity appear to have potential diagnostic value for relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between personality traits and transphobia among university students: a cross-sectional study in northwestern Iran.","authors":"Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani, Behzad Shalchi, Asal Raeisnia, Sara Tajlil, Elham Davtalab-Esmaeili","doi":"10.1186/s12888-025-06509-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-025-06509-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with GD may suffer from limited access to healthcare services because of negative attitudes from the healthcare providers. Therefore, to promote medical service it is of great importance to address negative attitudes among healthcare providers. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of transphobia as well as to assess the association between personality traits and transphobia among students of the University of Medical Sciences, who will hold key positions within the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 418 students at Tabriz in northwestern Iran in 2024. Convenience sampling method was utilized. Data were gathered through standard self-reported questioners; Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS), and Big Five Inventory scale (BFI-44). Linear regression analysis was conducted to estimate standard coefficient with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was calculated as 98.35% in which 204 (48.8%) out of the participants were female. The mean (SD) age was 23.73 (2.01) years. The adjusted multiple linear regression coefficients indicated that the agreeableness (β = 0.16, p = 0.001), neuroticism (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), and openness (β = -0.27, p = 0.001) were able to effectively explain the variance in transphobia scores. However, conscientiousness (β = 0.06, p = 0.18) and extroversion (β = 0.06, p = 0.05) did not significantly contribute to explaining the variance in transphobia scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personality traits may significantly influence attitudes toward transgender individuals, suggesting that interventions designed to reduce transphobia should consider these foundational personality characteristics.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"25 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}