BioMed Research International最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Novel lncRNAs Related to Colorectal Cancer Through Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Razieh Heidari, Vahideh Assadollahi, Seyedeh Negar Marashi, Fatemeh Elahian, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei","doi":"10.1155/bmri/5538575","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/5538575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The current study introduces novel lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) through bioinformatics analysis. GSE134834 CRC-related microarray of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC samples against normal samples. Analysis revealed 6763 DEGs (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and |log fold change (FC)| ≥ 0.5) that include differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNA) and differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (DElncRNA). Novel lncRNAs were identified, and to better understand the biological function of the identified lncRNAs, gene modules were constructed using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and finally, two modules for lncRNAs were obtained. The coexpression modules with these lncRNAs were subjected to enrichment analysis in FunRich software to predict their functions through their coexpressed genes. Gene ontology results of modules related to novel lncRNA revealed they significantly enriched the cellular pathways regulation in cancer. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of novel lncRNAs-related modules was constructed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized using the Cytoscape software. Hub genes were screened from the PPI network by the CytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape. The hub genes were <i>MRTO4</i>, <i>CDK1</i>, <i>CDC20</i>, <i>RPF2</i>, <i>NOP58</i>, <i>NIFK</i>, <i>GTPBP4</i>, <i>BUB1</i>, <i>BUB1B</i>, and <i>BOP1</i> for the lightpink4 module and <i>BYSL</i>, <i>RPS23</i> (ribosomal protein S23), <i>RSL1D1</i> (ribosomal L1 domain containing 1), <i>NAT10</i>, <i>NOP14</i>, <i>GNL2</i>, <i>MRPS12</i>, <i>NOL6</i> (nucleolar protein 6), <i>IMP4</i>, and <i>RRP12</i> (ribosomal RNA processing 12 homolog) for the pink module. The expression levels of the top DEmRNA and module hub genes in CRC were validated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Generally, our findings offer crucial insight into the hub genes and novel lncRNAs in the development of CRC by bioinformatics analysis, information that may prove useful in the identification of new biomarkers and treatment targets in CRC; however, more experimental investigation is required to validate the findings of the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5538575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Six Years' Trend Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates at Public Health Institute in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Asrat Agalu Abejew, Teferi Gedif Fenta, Gizachew Yismaw Wubetu","doi":"10.1155/bmri/7676973","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/7676973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global threats to public health. This study determined trends in AMR from 2016 to 2021 in a regional research laboratory in Northwest Ethiopia. <b>Methods:</b> Data from 2016 to 2021 was extracted from a database. Bacterial identification and resistance tests were made using the standard microbiologic procedures. The results were described, trends in AMR were determined using polynomial regressions, and binary logistic regression at <i>p</i> value < 0.05 was used. <b>Results:</b> From 2016 to 2021, 25,143 specimens were sent for culture and susceptibility testing, among which 16,825 (66.9%) bacteria were isolated. About 12,528 (74.5%) isolates were gram-negative, and 4297 (25.5%) were gram-positive. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (3783, 30.2%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (3199, 25.5%) were the most common gram-negative bacteria, whereas coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (CoNS) (1765, 40.1%) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1293, 30.1%) were the most common gram-positive bacteria. The overall prevalence of AMR was 2738 (59.9%), of which about 1807 (66.0%) accounted for gram-negative and 931 (34.0%) for gram-positive bacteria. <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (743, 80.2%), <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (196, 74.8%), and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (213, 66.6%) were the most common resistant isolates among gram-negative bacteria, while CoNS (406, 58%), <i>Streptococcus</i> species (34, 50%), and <i>S. aureus</i> (196, 37%) were from gram-positive bacteria. About 571 (20.9%) of bacteria were resistant to 2-10 drugs. The overall trend of AMR has been rising from year to year, reaching a peak in 2019 which was approximately 66% and then after has been predicted to decline. <b>Conclusion:</b> AMR in the regional laboratory is prevalent and has been increasing although the quadratic equation has revealed downward-opening parabola over time. A growing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria are an alarm to awaken policymakers and those concerned to intervene before it is too late. This calls for a periodic, integrated, and continuing system to monitor AMR for commonly used antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7676973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates Obtained From Dairy Farms in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Tsedalu Yirsa, Alene Tigistu","doi":"10.1155/bmri/7778947","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/7778947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Salmonellosis is a foodborne diarrheal disease with significant public health and economic implications for humans and animals. Nevertheless, its epidemiological effects and multidrug resistance remain poorly studied in the study area. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2022 to determine the occurrence, risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates in the study dairy farms. A total of 232 samples (200 study animals and 32 bulk tank milk) were collected from purposively selected dairy farms in the study area. Again, fecal and bulk tank milk samples were collected, pre-enriched, and cultured to examine the presence of <i>Salmonella</i> following standard techniques. The pure 30 isolates were also subjected to a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test on Muller-Hinton agar to assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Binary logistic regression analysis in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 was used to determine the strength of the risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease. <b>Findings:</b> The overall prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates was 12.9% (30/232) across all samples. Among these, 11.5% (23/200) of the fecal samples from the study animals and 21.9% (7/32) of the bulk tank milk samples tested positive for this disease. A statistically significant association was observed between the presence of the <i>Salmonella</i> isolates and the age of the study animals, farm size, bedding, and udder washing practices. The isolates also showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (100%) and tetracycline (96.7%). Conversely, the isolates were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%) and kanamycin (90%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Generally, the high presence of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates and its resistance to drugs pose significant economic and public health challenges. Thus, it is crucial to implement improved management practices and appropriate antibiotic therapies in the study dairy farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7778947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Concepts and Investigations of Fracture-Related Infection.","authors":"Nan Jiang, Chang-Peng Xu, Paul Stoodley, Martin A McNally","doi":"10.1155/2025/9768347","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2025/9768347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9768347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Antioxidative, Antidiarrheal, and Antihyperglycemic Properties of <i>Artocarpus chama</i> Leaves Along With In Silico Analysis.","authors":"Md Shahriar Hossen, K M Nazmul Hasan Refat, Muaz Faruque, Pritam Kundu, Utpal Kumar Karmakar","doi":"10.1155/bmri/9930195","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/9930195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Artocarpus chama</i> is a rare member of the Moraceae family that is found in some Asian countries. This plant has some therapeutic uses in folk medicine. This project was carried out on the leaves of this plant to explore some of its pharmacological importance. This plant revealed the presence of different phytochemical groups such as reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, gums, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. This plant has antioxidant compounds, and the total content of phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin was measured at 38.7 mg GAE/g, 298.37 mg QE/g, and 43.9 mg GAE/g, respectively. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H₂O₂, and superoxide scavenging tests, SC₅₀ values were found to be 232.2, 131.67, and 192.12 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. In the FeCl₃ reducing assay, the RC₅₀ was 79.71 <i>μ</i>g/mL. The <i>n-</i>hexane fraction showed a good antidiarrheal effect, while defecation inhibition was 54.42% and 66.29% at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively. Both <i>n-</i>hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a good antihyperglycemic effect in the oral glucose tolerance test in the experimental mice. In <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibition, the IC₅₀ value was 25.043 mg/mL. This extract did not show any promising responses in the diuretic, analgesic, and anthelmintic tests. From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) investigation, we have found 25 compounds that are displayed in this extricate. After conducting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and molecular coupling analysis, we finally selected four compounds which may be further tested in order to isolate newer antidiarrheal and antihyperglycemic compounds from this plant in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9930195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the Terminal Branches of the Brachial Plexus in the Axillary Fossa.","authors":"Elena Bozhikova, Stoyan Novakov, Tsvetanka Petleshkova, Zdravka Harizanova, Nikolay Uzunov","doi":"10.1155/bmri/5547451","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/5547451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The brachial plexus is the primary nerve source for the upper limb. Variations in its anatomy can alter the nerve supply to the upper extremity. Such deviations are clinically important, as they can change the symptomatology of various pathologic conditions, leading to misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment, and surgical failures as a consequence. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The upper limbs of 16 human cadavers (32 extremities) were dissected at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Eight cadavers were male and eight female, with age ranging 40-95 years (mean age: 72.63 years). <b>Results:</b> Three variations (18.8%) were identified unilaterally, exclusively in male cadavers; however, no statistically significant sex-based distribution was observed. The first variation involved a communicating branch between the musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve. The second was a high bifurcation of the radial nerve in the axillary fossa into two divisions. The third one was a communicating branch between the axillary nerve and the radial nerve, forming a loop beneath the subscapular artery. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study identified greater variability in the branches of the posterior cord compared to the existing literature. These variations must be taken under clinical consideration to prevent diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5547451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C and HIV Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Unit at Simada Hospital, South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Solomon Tesfaye, Tirngo Abebaw, Endalkachew Bizualem, Daniel Mehabie, Amir Alelign","doi":"10.1155/bmri/6895237","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/6895237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major public health issues in developing countries, including Ethiopia. These viruses can be transmitted from mother to child during birth or through contact with contaminated blood. In many areas of Ethiopia, viral hepatitis and HIV infections are significant health concerns for pregnant women. However, there is limited information about these issues in various parts of the country, particularly in the Amhara Region. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV infections and identifies the associated risk factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal care (ANC) unit at Simada Hospital, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 pregnant women from January 2021 to March 2021. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each study participant, and serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies using commercially available rapid test kits. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible risk factors for the occurrence of hepatitis and HIV infections. The overall seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections was 10 (4%), 5 (2%), and 5 (2%), respectively. Prevalence of coinfection was 1.2% (3/248), 0.4% (1/248), and 0.4% (1/248) for HBV/HCV, HBV/HIV, and HCV/HIV, respectively. History of abortion (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11.028, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.671-72.776, <i>p</i> value = 0.013) and a history of blood transfusions (AOR = 11.298, 95%CI = 1.066-119.777, <i>p</i> value = 0.044) were observed to be significantly associated with an increased risk of HBV infections. However, having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 18.819, 95%CI = 1.074-329.680, <i>p</i> value = 0.045) and history of abortion (AOR = 12.550, 95%CI = 1.174-134.202, <i>p</i> value = 0.036) were the only significant predictors of HCV and HIV infection, respectively. In the current study, we found an intermediate prevalence of HBV and HCV in pregnant women. Therefore, continuous screening of pregnant women for the stated viral infections should be performed to minimize the transmission of the viruses to their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6895237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Characterization of a Protease Producing <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Strain From Tannery Waste for Efficient Dehairing of Goat Skin.","authors":"Md Ekhlas Uddin, Md Ramjan Sheikh, Md Asaduzzaman, Sohel Ahmed, Sukalyan Kumar Kundu, Abu Ali Ibn Sina","doi":"10.1155/bmri/7639181","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/7639181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental pollution has been a significant concern for the last few years. The leather industry significantly contributes to the economy but is one of Bangladesh's most prominent polluting industries. It is also responsible for several severe diseases such as cancer, lung diseases, and heart diseases of leather workers because they use bleaching agents and chemicals, and these have numerous adverse effects on human health. The study was aimed at isolating, identifying, and molecularly characterizing bacteria that produce protease enzymes that are highly capable of dehairing goat hide. Several attempts were made to isolate and identify protease-producing bacterial strains from different soil samples of tannery wastes. Initially, a total of four isolates were selected from tannery soil. After the different phenotypic and morphological characterization, one isolate (BS2) showed Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and spore-forming characteristics and could produce novel hair-degrading protease enzymes. The growth profile and protease activity of the bacteria at 37°C were observed; a basal level of extracellular protease increased with time. The enzyme's proteolytic activity was measured, and the unit of enzyme activity of the enzyme sample was 18.1. The ExPASy server (ProtParam) tool was used to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of the proteins and found molecular weight (MW) (7375.94 Da), aliphatic index (71.56), instability index (II, 80.63), Grand Average of Hydropathy (GRAVY) (-0.231), and isoelectric point (11.41). The protein-protein interactions (PPI) networks were generated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and Cytoscape software. The PSIPRED v.4.0 and SAVES v.6.0 programs were used to determine the secondary and three-dimensional assembly of the selected protein. They found alpha helix (16, 25.00%), extended strand (6, 9.38%), beta-turn (5, 7.81%), and random coil (37, 57.81%). DNA isolation and purification were carried out, and the purity ratio was ~2.17 at 260 and 280 nm. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying the 16S rRNA gene was conducted, and the isolate was authentically recognized as <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (BS2) based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. The quantitative assessment has shown that 40 mL of culture centrifugation could dehair 2 × 1 cm of goat leather sample in 9 h. This potential bacterial strain can be used in the leather industry as an ecofriendly alternative to chemical dehairing, which can reduce environmental pollution and the risk of severe diseases among leather industry workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7639181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Dairy Cattle in and Around Nekemte Town, East Wallaga, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Begna Bulcha, Asaminew Tesfaye, Abebe Garoma, Feyisa Begna","doi":"10.1155/bmri/1709145","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/1709145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen affecting dairy cattle all over the world by causing significant economic losses due to reproductive and respiratory problems, immunosuppressive effects, increased risk of morbidity, and calf mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and identify risk factors associated with its occurrence in and around Nekemte Town of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 305 dairy cattle of 41 herds by using cluster-sampling method. All sampled animals were identified by their age, breeds, origin, parity, pregnancy status, and history of reproductive and respiratory problems. Competitive ELISA was used in the laboratory to detect the presence of antibodies in the serum. At the animal and herd level, descriptive statistics were utilized to assess the amount of BVDV viral antibody circulation, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to detect potential risk variables. The result demonstrates 9.84% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.49-13.18) and 28.52% (95% CI: 23.46-33.59) seroprevalence of BVDV antibody at individual and herd level, respectively. Abortion (odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; <i>p</i> = 0.019), retention of fetal membrane (OR = 3.33; <i>p</i> = 0.011), purchasing of animals (OR = 2.98; <i>p</i> = 0.017), and pregnancy (OR = 3.16; <i>p</i> = 0.019) were variables significantly associated with the seropositivity of BVDV. Herd size was found to be substantially linked with BVDV infection at the herd level (<i>p</i> = 0.009). These moderate seroprevalence of BVDV results indicate that the virus is widely spread among dairy cattle at various farms in and around Nekemte Town, hurting dairy farm production and productivity. To reduce the seroprevalence of this infectious agent, cows with a history of reproductive disorders should be tested, and new animals should be quarantined before being introduced into herds, and more research should be done to assess the impact of reproductive failure and other effects associated with this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1709145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Tea and Agarwood Leaf Extracts Against Multidrug-Resistant Microbes.","authors":"Shah Rucksana Akhter Urme, Syeda Fahmida Ahmed, Md Abdus Shukur Imran, Mst Rubaiat Nazneen Akhand, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan","doi":"10.1155/bmri/5595575","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/5595575","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains are the main challenges to the progression of new drug discovery. To diminish infectious disease-causing pathogens, new antibiotics are required while the drying pipeline of potent antibiotics is adding to the severity. Plant secondary metabolites or phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes have successfully demonstrated their inhibitory potential against the drug-resistant pathogens. In quest of potential phytochemicals, we selected tea (&lt;i&gt;Camellia sinensis&lt;/i&gt;) and agarwood (&lt;i&gt;Aquilaria malaccensis&lt;/i&gt;) leaves for antimicrobial activity. Fresh tea leaves were collected in three varieties, namely, BT-6, BT-7, and BT-8, including green tea (nonfermented tea), black tea (fully fermented tea), and agarwood leaves collected from Sylhet region of Bangladesh. This study is aimed at analyzing the phytochemical constituency and antimicrobial activity of tea and agarwood leaf extracts and analyzing if there is a combined effect or synergistic activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of tea and agarwood leaf extracts was analyzed against MDR pathogenic bacteria and fungus. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituency profiling of these six leaf extracts was evaluated, and preliminary screening exhibited that most of the leaves contained diverse groups of metabolites (alkaloids, tannin, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, etc.). The highest amounts of TPC (total phenolic content) (110.16 ± 0.48 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mg) were found in BT-7 in ethanol extracts, and BT-8 in methanol extracts possessed the highest (128.1 ± 0.43 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mg) TFC (total flavonoid content). Notably, green tea showed remarkable results in TPC and TFC. In antioxidant scavenging activity, BT-7 and green tea showed significant IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values which were 13.23 and 20.75 mg/mL, respectively. In antimicrobial assays, both 50 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;L of each tea and agarwood leaf extract antimicrobial activities were examined against 50 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;L of each bacterial and fungal culture. In synergistic activity, 50 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;L of each type of leaf extracts was poured over the commercial antibiotics to evaluate their synergism, additive, or antagonism activity against the multidrug-resistant pathogens. In the antimicrobial activity test, green tea showed a maximum diameter (22.0 ± 1.1 mm) zone of inhibition against &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; whereas BT-8 showed 22.0 ± 2.5 mm against &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;. Indeed, fresh tea BT-6 and BT-7 both showed remarkable zone of inhibition against the selected microbes including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Besides, leaf extract also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungus &lt;i&gt;Mucor circinelloides&lt;/i&gt;. Aiming to increase antibiotic resistance efficacy, synergistic activities were evaluated among leaf extracts and antibiotics against the selected pathogens where synergism, antagonism, and additive results were noted. ","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5595575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}