Resistance Profiling of Predominant Non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Humans, Food Animals, and the Environment in the Fako Division of Cameroon.

IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
BioMed Research International Pub Date : 2025-06-23 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1155/bmri/3947539
Clovis Elah Ndialle, Mildred Mbom Nyincho, Matil Eyong, Derick Lekealem Nkwetta, Manuel Ritter, Patrick A Njukeng, Samuel Wanji, Jane-Francis T K Akoachere
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The impact of the current global rising resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotic agents is of great concern. Detecting and monitoring resistance in these pathogens in humans, animals, and the environment and taking appropriate actions based on results obtained are indispensable to reverse this trend. This study is aimed at contributing to the fight against resistance of predominant non-Escherichia coli Enterobacteriaceae in the Fako Division of Cameroon through a one-health approach. Freshly collected human feces, rectal swabs from pigs, cloacal swabs from chicken, cow intestinal content, and environmental samples were cultured. Isolates were identified using API 20E. Predominant non-E. coli isolates (Enterobacter spp., 65.0%; Salmonella spp., 11%; and Citrobacter spp., 9.9%) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, while the resistant genes were detected by PCR. The quinolones (norfloxacin, 94.7%, and ofloxacin, 91.2%), carbapenem (imipenem, 96%), aminoglycoside (amikacin, 95.5%), and chloramphenicol (91.3%) were the most active drugs. Penicillins (amoxicillin, 24.7%; ampicillin, 21.2%; and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 19.9%) were the most inactive drugs. However, isolates showed the highest rate of intermediate susceptibility (48.6%) to cefepime. Out of the 226 isolates, 214 (94.7%) showed resistance to at least one antibiotic agent. Multidrug resistance was found in 54 (25.2%) of the isolates. The predominant antibiotypes were AXR AMR AMCR (25, 11.1%), AXR AMR AMCR AZMR (18, 8.4%), CAZR AXR AMR AMCR (12, 5.3%), and AXR AMCR AZMR (7, 3.1%). Isolates with these antibiotypes were from various sources and predominant genera. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (acrA, acrB, qepA, and aac(6⁣' )-ib-cr) were detected in 97.8% (44/45) of isolates that showed resistance to at least one quinolone antibiotic, while the beta-lactamase genes, blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M-1, were detected in 7.9% (5/63) and 22.0% (14/63), respectively, in isolates that showed resistance to cephalosporins. These isolates carrying these genes were from humans, food animals, and the environment. Of the 45 isolates, a total of 40 (88.9%) carried two or more PMQR genes, while 2 (0.6%) carried both bla genes (cocarriage). Five (17.9%) isolates out of the 28 screened for PMQR and beta-lactamase genes were positive for both sets of genes. Resistance to antibiotics was high with strains of the different genera carrying PMQR and beta-lactamase resistance genes circulating in humans, food animals, and the environment in the Fako Division of Cameroon.

优势非e型菌株的抗性谱。从喀麦隆法科地区人类、食用动物和环境中分离的大肠杆菌科。
目前全球肠杆菌科对抗生素的耐药性上升的影响是非常值得关注的。在人类、动物和环境中发现和监测这些病原体的耐药性,并根据获得的结果采取适当行动,对于扭转这一趋势是必不可少的。这项研究的目的是通过一种健康方法,促进喀麦隆法科占优势的非大肠杆菌科肠杆菌的耐药性斗争。新收集的人类粪便、猪直肠拭子、鸡直肠拭子、牛肠道内容物和环境样本进行培养。分离株采用API 20E进行鉴定。主要non-E。大肠杆菌分离株(Enterobacter spp., 65.0%;沙门氏菌,11%;聚合酶链反应(PCR)证实为柠檬酸杆菌(9.9%)。采用Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散法测定菌株的药敏谱,PCR检测耐药基因。喹诺酮类药物(诺氟沙星占94.7%,氧氟沙星占91.2%)、碳青霉烯类药物(亚胺培南占96%)、氨基糖苷类药物(阿米卡星占95.5%)和氯霉素类药物(91.3%)是活性最高的药物。青霉素类(阿莫西林,24.7%;氨苄青霉素,21.2%;阿莫西林-克拉维酸(19.9%)是最不活跃的药物。然而,分离株对头孢吡肟的中间敏感性最高(48.6%)。在226株分离株中,214株(94.7%)对至少一种抗生素耐药。54株(25.2%)耐多药。主要抗生素类型为AXR AMR AMCR(25例,11.1%)、AXR AMR AMCR AZMR(18例,8.4%)、CAZR AXR AMR AMCR AMCR(12例,5.3%)和AXR AMCR AZMR(7例,3.1%)。这些抗生素类型的分离株来自不同的来源和优势属。在对至少一种喹诺酮类抗生素耐药的分离株中,97.8%(44/45)检测到质粒介导的喹诺酮类药物耐药基因(acrA、acrB、qepA和aac(6′′)- 1b -cr),而在对头孢菌素耐药的分离株中,β -内酰胺酶基因blacmy2和blaCTX-M-1分别为7.9%(5/63)和22.0%(14/63)。这些携带这些基因的分离株来自人类、食用动物和环境。45株分离株中,共有40株(88.9%)携带两个或多个PMQR基因,2株(0.6%)同时携带bla基因(共携带)。在筛选的28株PMQR和β -内酰胺酶基因中,5株(17.9%)对两组基因均呈阳性。在喀麦隆法科省,抗生素耐药性很高,携带PMQR和β -内酰胺酶耐药基因的不同属菌株在人类、食用动物和环境中传播。
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来源期刊
BioMed Research International
BioMed Research International BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
1942
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject areas.
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