BioMed Research International最新文献

{"title":"Erythroferrone-Driven Regulation of Hepcidin and Iron Levels in Polytransfused Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Samuel Kwasi Appiah, Charles Nkansah, Godfred Amoah Appiah, Gabriel Abbam, Felix Osei-Boakye, Samira Daud, Kofi Mensah, Safo Adwoa, Korah Seedolf Kuwaahsuore, Emmanuel Yeboah, Abu Siraj Salma Tiyumba, Dennis Thompson, Viel Mary Paula, Louis Adda Duibajia, Peter Takyia, Franklina Ataa Kwarteng, Obed Odame Asiedu, Firdaus Ibrahim Sukasorr, Vincent Kawuribi, Boniface Nwofoke Ukwah, Ejike Felix Chukwurah","doi":"10.1155/bmri/6803051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/bmri/6803051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay of erythroferrone (ERFE), hepcidin, and ferroportin is crucial for ensuring systemic iron homeostasis. This study determined the influence of ERFE on hepcidin and iron levels in polytransfused patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). This multicentre case-control study recruited 60 SCA participants and 30 controls (HbA), aged 2-34 years, from Tamale Teaching Hospital; Methodist Hospital, Wenchi; and Seventh Day Adventist Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana, between the periods of March to July 2023. About 4 mL of blood was collected for a full blood count using a haematology analyzer and serum ERFE, hepcidin, ferroportin, and ferritin estimation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0. ERFE (<i>p</i> < 0.001), ferroportin (<i>p</i> = 0.016), ferritin (<i>p</i> < 0.001), serum iron (<i>p</i> < 0.001), transferrin (<i>p</i> = 0.001), soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR) (<i>p</i> = 0.019), TWBC (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and platelet (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were significantly higher in SCA participants and hydroxyurea-naïve participants than in the control group and hydroxyurea-treated participants, respectively. Levels of hepcidin (<i>p</i> < 0.001), red blood cell (<i>p</i> < 0.001), haemoglobin (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and haematocrit (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were lower in the SCA and hydroxyurea-naïve groups than in the control and hydroxyurea-treated groups, respectively. An inverse correlation was observed between serum ERFE and hepcidin (<i>r</i> = -0.391, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and hepcidin and ferroportin (<i>r</i> = -0.266, <i>p</i> = 0.040), while ferritin (<i>r</i> = 0.439, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and ferroportin (<i>r</i> = 0.309, <i>p</i> = 0.016) showed a positive correlation with ERFE. No correlation was found between serum hepcidin and ferritin levels (<i>r</i> = 0.025, <i>p</i> = 0.853). Again, participants with regular blood transfusions had significantly higher levels of ERFE (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and ferritin (<i>p</i> = 0.002) than those with rare and no transfusions per year. None of the SCA participants had done iron testing. In conclusion, the negative impact of ERFE on hepcidin levels may exacerbate the risk of iron burden, as evident by elevated iron levels in SCA patients and the need for regular monitoring of the iron status of polytransfused SCA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6803051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap in Smoking Cessation: Unveiling Tobacco Harm Reduction in Pakistan Through Print Media Content Analysis.","authors":"Abdul Hameed, Daud Malik","doi":"10.1155/bmri/3822509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/bmri/3822509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides an in-depth content analysis of safer smoking alternatives in Pakistani print media during a 5-year period (2018-2022). The mainstream print media in the English and Urdu languages is grappling with understanding the importance of tobacco harm reduction and, as a result, the safer nicotine alternatives as one of the options to address combustible smoking. Largely, the perception portrayed by the English and Urdu newspapers through news stories, articles, and so on regarding tobacco harm reduction and safer nicotine alternatives is negative. This may be due to the strong opposition to safer nicotine alternatives by the organizations working on tobacco control in Pakistan. However, on the other hand, there has been positive coverage of safer nicotine products, with the main message around how they can help adult smokers reduce harm to their health and ultimately quit smoking. Clearly, the print media need more awareness and education regarding tobacco harm reduction and safer nicotine alternatives. The emphasis should be on providing evidence-based information about safer nicotine alternatives and their role in addressing the issue of combustible smoking prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3822509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Height Growth Modeling in Ethiopian Children and Adolescents Aged 7-20 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Dereje Danbe Debeko, Ayele Taye Goshu","doi":"10.1155/bmri/7288345","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/7288345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Modeling physical growth plays a vital role in examining and defining growth trajectories related to public health and well-being. <b>Aim:</b> The primary objective of this study was to model height growth in Ethiopian children and adolescents aged 7-20 years to estimate the growth variations across the Ethiopian regions. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 891 children and adolescents aged 7.5-20 years were included in the study. To estimate growth spurts within and between study subjects over time, the SITAR and PB1 models were fitted to the height growth measurements gathered in four survey rounds to. <b>Results:</b> Boys experienced puberty 2.6 years later than girls did, while the mean peak height velocity was estimated to be 5.5 cm/year in boys and 6.3 cm/year in girls. The mean adult height in boys was estimated to be 174.6 cm, while in girls, it was estimated to be 162.2 cm. Both girls (<i>p</i> < 0.005) and boys (<i>p</i> < 0.008) in Amhara and Tigrai regions were significantly shorter compared to their counterparts in Addis Ababa. However, there was no significant height difference between girls and boys in former SNNPRS region, Oromia region, and Addis Ababa. Height at peak velocity strongly correlated with the rate of change during the pubertal period. The rate of change in both boys and girls during the prepubertal and pubertal growth stages was inversely correlated with the adult height. <b>Conclusions:</b> Children who had rapid rate of change during the prepubertal and pubertal periods attained adulthood later in life. There was a significantly different height growth in children and adolescents across the regions of Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7288345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Ankle Stability Following Deltoid Ligament Repair and Reconstruction.","authors":"Ali Ahmadi Pirshahid, Pawel Brzozowski, Olawale Sogbein, Radovan Zdero, Aaron Gee, Mansur Halai, Emil Schemitsch, David W Sanders, Abdel Rahman Lawendy, Christopher Del Balso","doi":"10.1155/bmri/6313005","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/6313005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The deltoid ligament has been shown to contribute to the stability of the ankle mortise, preventing valgus talar tilt, external rotation (ER), and translation. Research to date assessing the appropriateness of deltoid repair to reintroduce medial stability to a fractured ankle is unclear. Deltoid ligament reconstruction using autograft or allograft has been proposed in cases of chronic deltoid insufficiency. This biomechanical study sought to assess the stability offered by deltoid repair and reconstruction compared to the native deltoid ligament in its intact and defunctioned states. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twelve (six pairs) fresh frozen cadaveric lower extremities with intact deltoid ligaments underwent biomechanical assessment in a custom-made multiaxial testing apparatus. Each specimen was tested in plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (PF/DF), inversion/eversion (IV/EV), and internal rotation (IR)/ER and analyzed for angular range of motion (ROM) and stiffness. The specimens were tested with an intact deltoid ligament and following disruption via transection. Subsequently, paired specimens were randomized to either deltoid repair or reconstruction. A single double-loaded suture anchor was used to repair the deep and superficial deltoid ligaments. The tibialis anterior tendon was used as an autograft in the reconstruction group. <b>Results:</b> Normalized ROM and stiffness were significantly different in deficient specimens compared to all other groups during PF/DF. During IR/ER, the deficient ankle was significantly different from the intact and repair state. For IV/EV, deficient specimen ROM was significantly greater than the intact or repair states, while the stiffness for the deficient ankles was significantly less. <b>Conclusion:</b> Deltoid repair and reconstruction were comparable in returning the ankles to an intact state and conferring stability. These results suggest that in cases with insufficient or unstable deltoid ligament where repair is not possible, reconstruction has the potential to be a reliable alternative, but further studies are warranted to understand all advantages/disadvantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6313005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxide-Free Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Based Photocatalytic Bleaching: In Vitro Study on Bovine Teeth.","authors":"Tainah Oliveira Rifane, Isabel Silva Nascimento, Suely Cristina Aragão Veras Santos, Lucca Reis Mesquita, Diego Martins de Paula, Victor P Feitosa","doi":"10.1155/bmri/9311501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/bmri/9311501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at assessing the bleaching efficacy of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle suspensions at different concentrations and exposure times for photocatalysis and evaluating their potential as a peroxide-free alternative to carbamide peroxide in dental bleaching. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Sixty bovine incisors were stained with black tea and treated with different bleaching protocols: (1) control (16% carbamide peroxide), (2) TiO₂-50 wt% for 10 min (TiO₂ 50/10), (3) TiO₂-50 wt% for 50 min (TiO₂ 50/50), (4) TiO₂-10 wt% for 50 min (TiO2 10/50), and (5) TiO₂-10 wt% for 10 min (TiO₂ 10/10). The agents were exposed to UV light (395 nm) for photocatalysis before application. All treatments were applied daily for 2 h over 21 days. Color change (Δ<i>E</i>00) was measured using a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V), and pH was assessed using pH strips. <b>Results:</b> The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. TiO₂ 50/50 showed significantly superior bleaching effects compared to all other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). TiO₂ 10/50 and TiO₂ 10/10 demonstrated intermediate bleaching results, with no significant difference between them (<i>p</i> = 0.0875). The control and TiO₂ 50/10 groups exhibited the lowest color variation (<i>p</i> = 0.102). All groups maintained a pH of 6 before and after 2 h of the at-home bleaching protocol. <b>Conclusion:</b> TiO₂ nanoparticle suspensions may be a viable peroxide-free alternative for dental bleaching, particularly at higher concentrations and longer photocatalysis exposure times.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9311501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to ART Services: Lived Experiences and Coping Strategies of HIV-Positive Persons With Visual Impairment in Lira District, Northern Uganda.","authors":"Gloria Ketty Acila, Noeline Aju Ijorea, Amir Kabunga, Mercy Joy Angom, Sandra Talemwa, Patrick Ayer, Anna Grace Auma","doi":"10.1155/bmri/1903886","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/1903886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Despite progress in the HIV/AIDS response, marginalized populations persistently face unique challenges in accessing essential healthcare services, including antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore and understand the lived experiences of individuals living with HIV and visual impairment in Lira District, Northern Uganda, specifically focusing on their access to antiretroviral therapy services. Additionally, the study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the coping strategies employed by this population in navigating the intersectionality of HIV and visual impairment. <b>Methods:</b> This qualitative study, conducted in Lira District, Northern Uganda, employed a descriptive phenomenological design. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, focusing on individuals living with both HIV and visual impairment. Data collection involved a semistructured interview guide, addressing key issues derived from a literature review. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke's framework. <b>Results:</b> Participants (<i>N</i> = 30) exhibited diverse sociodemographic characteristics, with ages ranging from 19 to 68 years. A number of themes emerged during data analysis: individuals developing visual impairment before and after ART initiation. Emotional challenges, strained relationships, and perceived burdenship were common themes among participants. Limited understanding of the cause of sight loss and a heightened perceived risk of HIV infection were evident. Challenges in accessing ART services included transportation difficulties, negative attitudes from healthcare workers, and a lack of trust in community drug distribution points. Participants employed various coping strategies, including prayers/religion, reliance on social support networks, denial, acceptance, and community rehabilitation. Positive religious beliefs offered hope, while social support played a crucial role in adaptation. Community rehabilitation and support were highlighted as instrumental in aiding coping. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite awareness about the risk of HIV infection, significant barriers persist in accessing ART services for persons with visual impairment. Coping strategies underscore the importance of addressing psychosocial aspects. Tailored interventions, education, and policy changes are imperative to enhance inclusivity and accessibility of healthcare services for this vulnerable population in Uganda.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1903886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of UCOE and HSP27 Molecular Elements to Improve the Stable Protein Production on HEK293 Cells.","authors":"Concepción Sosa-García, Uriel Abdallah Sánchez-Pacheco, Carlos Alberto Tavira-Montalvan, Angélica Meneses-Acosta","doi":"10.1155/bmri/5556353","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/5556353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinant proteins represent one of the greatest achievements of modern pharmaceutical biotechnology, as they are increasingly used across nearly all branches of medicine to treat a wide range of conditions. In response to this demand, various cell engineering approaches have been developed to improve their expression. Some of these approaches involve the use of genetic elements that prevent the silencing of the gene of interest, as well as the generation of resistant cell lines to inhibit or avoid programmed cell death (PCD). This research focuses on analyzing the effects of overexpression of UCOE elements and the HSP27 protein, both individually and together, on the production of human rIFN<i>γ</i> in HEK293 cells. Our results show that 4-Kb UCOE elements have no effect on protein production in HEK293 cells, while overexpression of HSP27 prolongs the stationary phase during growth kinetics. The Qp of rIFN<i>γ</i> is 96-fold higher in clones containing the HSP27/UCOE combination compared to the clone containing only UCOE elements or to the control HEK293 cells. These results correlate with the MCP analyses, which showed that overexpression of HSP27 decreased the expression of Bax, caspase 3, cytochrome C, Beclin, and LC3II mRNA. Finally, this study suggests the potential utility of a cell engineering approach based on the overexpression of the human HSP27 protein for enhancing the production of recombinant viruses and proteins in HEK293 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5556353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Diet and Oral Supplementation for the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Angela D'Angelo, Filippo Lixi, Livio Vitiello, Vincenzo Gagliardi, Alfonso Pellegrino, Giuseppe Giannaccare","doi":"10.1155/bmri/6654976","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/6654976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are the leading causes of visual loss in working people. Current treatment approaches mostly target proliferative DR and DME, such as intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents and laser photocoagulation. Before DR progresses into the more severe, sight-threatening proliferative stage, patients with early stages of the disease must get early and appropriate care. It has been suggested that nutraceuticals, which are natural functional foods with minimal adverse effects, may help diabetic patients with DR and DME. Several in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out over the last years, showing the potential benefits of several nutraceuticals in DR due to their neuroprotective, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Although most of the research is restricted to animal models and many nutraceuticals have low bioavailability, these compounds may adjuvate and implement conventional DR therapies. The purpose of this review is (i) to summarize the complex pathophysiology underlying DR and DME and (ii) to examine the main natural-derived molecules and dietary habits that can assist conventional therapies for the clinical management of DR and DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6654976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Allelic and Phenotypic Frequencies of the ABO and Rh Blood Types in Pregnant Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Mekdes Wondiye Tedbabe, Dagim Jirata Birri, Takele Taye Desta","doi":"10.1155/bmri/8649988","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/8649988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> ABO-rhesus (Rh) blood testing screens blood types according to the antigenic properties of red blood cells. <b>Objective:</b> This study reports the allelic and phenotypic frequency distribution of the ABO and Rh blood groups in pregnant women who attended antenatal care (ANC) at Zewditu Memorial Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the likelihood for the occurrence of erythroblastosis fetalis (E. fetalis). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective study was conducted on pregnant women who attended ANC from 2015 to 2019 and typed for ABO and Rh blood groups. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was used to determine the allelic frequency of ABO and Rh blood types. The likelihood of the occurrence of E. fetalis was computed. <b>Results:</b> Among the 2453 women who had been admitted to ANC, 2407 (98.1%) pregnant women who had been typed for the ABO and Rh blood groups were included in this retrospective study. We found that Type O blood was the most common one (38.9%), while Types A (31.3%), B (23.8%), and AB (6.0%) blood were scored with modest to lower proportions. Among blood group-typed women, 94.2% were Rh-positive. The allelic frequency of O was 0.62, whereas A (0.22) and B (0.16) had modest proportions. The allelic frequency of D was 0.76 and d was 0.24. The likelihood of the occurrence of E. fetalis was 5%. Our findings show that both the ABO (<i>χ</i>-<i>squared</i> = 6.1439, <i>df</i> = 3, <i>p</i> <i>value</i> = 0.1048) and the Rh (<i>χ</i>-<i>squared</i> = 0.000103, <i>df</i> = 1, <i>p</i> <i>value</i> = 0.9919) blood groups were segregated at the Hardy-Weinberg proportions. Studies need to investigate the evolutionary forces that have made the ABO and Rh blood types segregate at the Hardy-Weinberg proportion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8649988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Undergraduates, Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.","authors":"Grinsun Sharma, Shishir Paudel, Anisha Chalise, Biswash Sapkota, Nirmal Raj Marasine","doi":"10.1155/bmri/9928264","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bmri/9928264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem contributing to increasing rates of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Inadequate knowledge and misconceptions surrounding antibiotics and their overuse can significantly contribute to the growth and spread of AMR. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and resistance among undergraduates in Pokhara, Nepal, and examine associations of knowledge and attitudes with demographic factors and specific antibiotic use practices. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to September 2023 among 461 undergraduate students in Pokhara Metropolitan City. Frequency distributions were used to describe participants' KAP regarding antibiotics. Chi-square tests were applied to identify factors significantly associated with knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotics, with a significance level of 5%. <b>Result:</b> Among the total participants, 155 (33.6%, 95% CI: 29.6-38.3) had a lower level of knowledge regarding antibiotics, while a moderate and higher level of knowledge was observed among 208 (45.1%, 95% CI: 40.1-49.5) and 98 (21.3%, 95% CI: 17.5-24.7) students, respectively. Nearly half (53.6%, 95% CI: 48.9-58.2; 50.1%, 95% CI: 45.8-54.4) of the students illustrated positive attitudes and good practices. Factors such as gender, academic discipline, and previous education on antibiotics were associated with students' knowledge regarding antibiotics, at 5% level of significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similarly, a statistically significant relationship existed between students' academic discipline, past courses, and their attitudes toward antibiotics. The knowledge of the participants on the antibiotic use was found to have a statistical relationship with practice-related attributes such as finishing the antibiotic course even after feeling well, giving less preference to antibiotic for cold (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The attitude of the participants toward antibiotics was found to have a statistical relation with practices such as consulting a doctor for antibiotics and finishing the course of antibiotic (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b>A large proportion of undergraduates have moderate to high knowledge regarding antibiotic use, while only half had a positive attitude and good practice toward antibiotic use, suggesting a large gap existing in awareness of antibiotic resistance and rational use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9928264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}