Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research最新文献

{"title":"Study of Role of Surfactant Protein-D, Malondialdehyde, Protein Carbonyland its Correlation with Airflow Obstruction (FEV1% Predicted) inPatients with Smoker Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","authors":"Rupali S. Pawar, S. A. Abhang","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smokers lungs are exposed to rich amounts of oxidants. Oxidative stress and inflammation are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SP-D is lung specific protein play important role in the lungs including regulation of surfactant homeostasis in the alveoli and modulation of host defense system in the lung. The aim of this study was to examine role of surfactant protein-D, malondiladehyde and protein carbonyl in smoker COPD patients and to see whether there is any correlation between pulmonary function test with MDA, PC and SP-D in COPD patients. Materials and methods: We measured serum SP-D, MDA and PC in 30 smoker COPD patients, 30 non-smoker COPD patients and in 30 healthy controls by ELISA and spectrophotometric methods respectively. Results: Serum levels of SP-D, MDA and PC were significantly higher in smoker COPD patients than non-smoker COPD patients. SP-D, MDA and PC were significantly increased in smoker COPD patients as compared to healthy controls. We found inverse correlation between FEV1% predicted with SP-D, MDA and PC in COPD patients. MDA and PC were directly correlated with SP-D in COPD patients. Conclusion: From these findings we conclude that deleterious effect tobacco smoke causes lipid and protein oxidation and lung tissue damage. Lung tissue injury causes release of SP-D in the blood stream. This is directly related with extent of injury and pulmonary function in COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Secondary Metabolites of Rosa laevigata Michaux: AnImportant Medicinal Plant","authors":"H. Mehboob, M. Iqbal, M. Ejaz, Gulshan Bibi, U. Sarwar, S. Iftikhar, S. Shaheen, I. Safdar","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000326","url":null,"abstract":"Rosa laevigata is a white aromatic rose inhabitant to Southern China and Taiwan and growing offensively as invasive in the United States of America. It is herbaceous climbing shrub, growing over the other shrubs and reaching upto 5-10 metre in height. In 1780’s, it gained its English name Cherokee rose from America. This review was aimed to analyze various active secondary metabolites of Rosa laevigata with their medicinal value. The study infers that plant possess novel secondary metabolites i.e., polysaccharides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, laevigatins E, F, G, triterpenoids, 11α-hydroxytormentic acid, 2α-methoxyursolic acid, 6-methoxy-β-glucopyranosyl ester, tormentic acid and 5α-diol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside with their antibacterial, anticancer, astringent, depurative and anti-inflammatory activities. A profound efforts has been done in past to address the active secondary metabolites, but still consistent struggles are required to explore the volatile compounds present in Rosa laevigata and their medicinal and therapeutic values should be investigated in future.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47291294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Sampled Through Dried Blood Spots (DBS) Exhibits DiminishedEx vivo Metabolism Compared to Whole Blood Through Use of a KineticIsotope-Labeling Metabolomics Approach","authors":"Collin Hill, Jeremy Drolet, M. Kellogg, V. Tolstikov, N. Narain, M. Kiebish","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000325","url":null,"abstract":"Blood is the primary matrix for metabolite profiling, providing a means for biomarker identification, pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis and disease monitoring. Conventional methodologies of blood sample collection require blood drawn by venous puncture. However, this technique allows for residual ex vivo metabolic activity of the blood matrix, thus presenting a challenge to capturing a physiologically representative readout of the metabolome. Blood that is not immediately processed is subjected to extended periods of ex vivo metabolism. Even when samples are transported by cold storage, some enzymatic processes remain active. The dried blood spot (DBS) collection technique renders cells metabolically inactive in a short span of time. We demonstrate that whole blood deposited onto a DBS card decreases uptake and metabolism of U13C-glucose after 4 hours, as analyzed by mass spectrometry. The cells also exhibit no further metabolic activity for up to 24 hours, whilst blood stored in a collection tube continue to actively uptake and metabolize U13C-glucose for up to 24 hours post-collection. Given that glycolysis is one of the most active pathways in blood cells, the ability to arrest glucose metabolism in a short amount of time is important to accurately capture the metabolite profile at the time of collection. We assert that this likely extends beyond glucose metabolism, as blood cells are capable of taking up other extracellular nutrients. We believe blood collection using the DBS technique offers an informative readout of the metabolome, compared to conventional blood collection, which is critical for population health and precision medicine applications.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45179943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Birth and Demise of Hypotheses on Evolution of S-Adenosyl-Lmethionineand Adenosylcobalamin","authors":"P. Frey","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Relationships between adenosylcobalamin and S-adenosyl-Lmethionine (SAM)-dependent enzymatic radical reactions are explored with a view toward determining their evolutionary relationships. Adenosylcobalamin is a Vitamin B12-coenzyme, and the vitamin deficiency causes pernicious anemia in humans. Methionine, the precursor of SAM, is a nutritionally essential amino acid. Evidence implicates both SAM and adenosylcobalamin in the generation of the 5’-deoxyadenosyl radical as the initiator of carbon-centered radical chemistry. However, expectations of the evolutionary superiority of the structurally and chemically complex adenosylcobalamin as an initiator of radical biochemistry are contradicted by available information. It is pointed out that adenosylcobalamin functions equally well aerobically and anaerobically, whereas SAM requires strong reducing conditions and electron transfer mediated by a [4Fe–4S]1+ cluster to initiate carboncentered radical chemistry.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Course Studies on Impact of Low Temperature Exposure on theLevels of Protein and Enzymes in Fifth Instar Larvae of Eri Silkworm,Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: satuniidae)","authors":"Anita . Singh, V. Gupta, N. J. Siddiqi, S. Tiwari, A. Gopesh, B. Sharma","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) are the enzymes involved in energy metabolism of Eri silkworm, Philosamia ricini. However, no previous study has been reported about effect of low temperature exposure on their levels in different tissues of Eri silkworm. The present study was aimed to the time-course effects of low temperature (~10°C) exposure of 5th instar P. ricini on the levels of protein and energy metabolism enzymes of three major tissues (haemolymph, silk gland and fat body). The Eri silkworm larvae, reared on fresh leaves of castor-oil-plant (Ricinus communis), were divided into 4 groups: a control group reared at 25 ± 2°C along with three experimental groups reared at 10 ± 1°C containing 50 larvae in each, for varying durations (2, 4 and 7 days). The cell free extract was prepared by centrifuging the tissue homogenate at 9000 g and used for biochemical estimations (total protein content, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities). For isozyme analysis, another set of homogenates (20% w/v) was prepared in buffer (0.2 M Tris HCl, pH 7.0) containing 0.2 M sucrose and 10 mM EDTA, and analyzed by native-PAGE followed by activity staining. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase showed significant decrease in haemolymph, whereas in fat bodies both enzymes showed increased activity. In silk gland, Lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased uniformly, whereas malate dehydrogenase activity increased at all exposure durations. The isozyme analysis revealed significant perturbations in their expression profiles. The low temperature exposure resulted into accumulation of protein content in haemolymph and depletion in silk gland and fat body tissues. Fat bodies emerged as the main energy producing organ under this condition. Lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase displayed presence of only one isozyme in all the tissues tested. The isozyme behaviour of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase towards low temperature varied in different tissues. These results suggested that alterations in expression and functions of these enzymes might be associated to the acclimation of larvae at low temperature.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47148631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unreported Aflatoxins and Hydroxylate Metabolites in Artisanal OaxacaCheese from Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"M. Vargas-Ortiz, M. Carvajal-Moreno, Estela Hernández-Camarillo, S. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Rojo-Callejas","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites of the fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. The fungi produce these AFs in cereals, oilseeds and spices. AFs have damaging effects on all organisms, including humans, and their symptoms can be classified as acute (vomiting, hemorrhage and death) or chronic (immunodepression, Reye syndrome, Kwashiorkor, teratogenesis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and various cancers). The common AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) are metabolized in the liver or by microbes that produce hydroxylates (AFM1, AFM2, AFP1) and aflatoxicol (AFL), which makes them soluble in water. This means that AFs can be excreted in fluids such as milk or urine, and AFs are not destroyed in the process of making cheese. Other AFs can also be excreted in milk, but they have not been reported until now. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the AFs present in 30 samples of artisanal Oaxaca-type cheese sold in the City of Veracruz. The average concentrations of AFs detected in the 30 samples of artisanal cheese were AFB1 (11.2 ng g-1) in 77% (23/30); AFL (19.1 ng g-1) in 70% (21/30); AFG2 (0.2 ng g-1) in 63% (19/30); AFM1 (3.0 ng g-1) in 53% (16/30); AFP1 (0.1 ng g-1) in 50% (15/30); AFM2 (0.2 ng g-1) in 20% (6/30); AFG1 (0.03 ng g-1) in 13% (4/30); and a trace amount of AFB2 (","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Biochemical Characterizations from Leaf Extracts fromAzadirachta Indica: An Important Medicinal Plant","authors":"S. Dash, S. Dixit, S. Sahoo","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, human civilizations have kinetically circumvented plants which have influenced a lot to the humanity. Plants have the facility to endanger diverse variety of phytochemical and biochemical compounds which can be acclimated to perform different biological functions. Many of these phytochemicals have salutary effects on long-term health when consumed by the human and can be efficaciously used to treat human diseases. The current research paper deals with the various phytochemical and biochemical analysis of Azadirachta indica. The analysis was carried out utilizing standard methods and protocols. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica has shown the presence of biological compounds like, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, etc which are then compared to aqueous leaf extracts of the plant. Biochemical analysis includes the estimation of chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content and proline content. The result suggests that the Azadirachta indica extracts contain plenty of phytochemicals with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49487548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic Platforms for Gradient Generation and its Applications","authors":"Chunfei Hu, Jingjing Liu, Hongmei Chen, Fuqiang Nie","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Due to criticality of gradients in both chemical and biological fields, generating stable and controllable gradient concentration in microfluidics has significance such as analysis of cell migration, cancer metastasis, drug screening, chemotaxis and chemical synthesis. Integrated microfluidic chips are particularly amenable to gradient generation. Microfluidic chips functioning as concentration gradient have made great progress based on various principles. Diverse advanced microfluidic platforms have been developed as convection mixing-based gradient generators, laminar flow diffusion-based gradient generators, static diffusion-based gradient generator and geometric metering mixing-based gradient generator. In this review, we discuss recent advances and wide application of microfluidic gradient generators.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46547541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminal Plasma Proteins Prevent Detrimental Effects of Ram SpermCryopreservation and Enhance the Protective Effect of Lecithin","authors":"SIgnacio Del-Valle, A. Casao, R. Pérez-Pé, W. Holt, J. A. Cebrián-Pérez, T. Muiño-Blanco","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main drawbacks of refrigerated and frozen-thawed semen is lipid peroxidation and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species from cellular metabolism. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the use of antioxidant compounds improves the frozen-thawed sperm quality. We analysed the effect of different antioxidants, or antioxidant-like additives, upon the processes involved in cooling and freeze-thawing ram semen. Methods: Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and stability, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were tested immediately after thawing and following incubation for 3 h and 6 h at 37°C. Results: The addition of oleic/linoleic acid did not improve sperm viability, although it resulted in increased motility after refrigeration and rewarming, similar to that found with pyruvic acid. In frozen-thawed samples, the effect of 75 mM ascorbic acid was beneficial and improved viability, membrane stability, MMP and motility. Pyruvic acid, melatonin, pinoline and N-acetyl cysteine, or the combination of certain antioxidants such as oleic/linoleic acids with tocopherol, lipoic and ascorbic acids, melatonin and pinoline, N-acetyl cysteine and GSH did not significantly improve the frozenthawed sperm quality. Thawed samples supplemented with lecithin scored higher (p<0.001) membrane integrity and stability and MMP values than controls. However, the alterations induced in the inner mitochondrial membrane resulted in a very low proportion of functional mitochondria in a time-dependent manner after thawing. These detrimental effects were prevented by seminal plasma proteins, which enhanced the protective effect of lecithin. Conclusion: Seminal plasma proteins strengthened the cryoprotective ability of lecithin and not only were sperm viability and membrane stability well maintained, but mitochondrial functionality was preserved. General significance: Lecithin together with seminal plasma proteins may be used as cryoprotectants for ram semen.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and SAR Studies of Potent Antioxidant and Anti-InflammatoryActivities of Imidazole Derived Schiff Base Analogues","authors":"Shantha Cs, Swaroopa M, Darshini N, Mallesha N, Rakesh Kp","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"A novel sequence of imidazole derived Schiff base analogues 4-23 were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The in vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated by using DPPH, ABTS and DMPD assay. The results exposed that the IC50 of compounds 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 22 and 23 were lower than that of standards in all the three tested antioxidant assays indicating good activities of these compounds. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds were tested and the outcomes of results were confirmed that the compounds 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 and 21 exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Preliminary structure-activity relationship revealed that the compounds 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 22 and 23 with electron donating moiety (OH, OCH3) were found to be excellent antioxidants and compounds 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 and 21 with electron withdrawing moiety (Cl, F, NO2 and Br) were found to be excellent anti-inflammatory agents.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43763468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}