Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research最新文献

{"title":"Anthocyanin acts as scavenger for heavy metal ions, attack cancer cell and interacts with uric acid and urea to expel it through urine system and its effects on biopolymers","authors":"J. Ahmed","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009-C1-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009-C1-013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repellent Effects of Aloe pirottae (Aloaceae) Gel Extract and Brassica nigra (Brassicaceae) Essential Oil against the Malaria Vector, Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Bekele D, Petros B","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000336","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria continues to be one of the major public health challenges in the world, particularly in Africa, despite the fact that numerous studies have identified effective methods of control. The plant species that include Brassica nigra (seeds) and Aloe pirottae (leaves) in Ethiopia were used traditionally as mosquito repellent and selected for the mosquito repellent activity test. The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the repellent activity of two extracts from Aloe pirottae and Brassica nigra, respectively on forearms of human volunteers against Anopheles arabiensis mosquito under laboratory conditions. Four concentrations: 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% of the repellents were evaluated. The safety of these extracts was tested to make a further research and results showed no dermal irritation actions. In the course of our test for repellents against Anopheles arabiesnis, the oil extract of Brassica nigra was found to exhibit more remarkable repellent activity than gel extract of Aloe prottae with ED50 of 1.468% and 16.689%, respectively after 6 h exposure. The Chi-square values were significant at p<0.05 level. The present study indicates that the extracts derived from Aloe pirottae and Brassica nigra have good efficacy in mosquito repellency, thus their extracts could be used in the regulation of malaria vector. These extracts had no adverse effects on rabbits at 20% concentration. Further studies are required to determine formulations with enhanced activity against mosquitoes and their cost effectiveness. The field bioassays also need to be evaluated as the present study indicated the scope to use local plants to augment the ongoing malaria vector control.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Soy Bean on Thyroid Hormones of Albino Rats","authors":"N. Nwachoko, Jack Ir","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000337","url":null,"abstract":"Soy foods are traditional staples of Asian diets. Soy bean and thyroid health have focused on one specific category of nutrient-Isoflavones found in soy bean. This study examined the impact of soy bean on thyroid hormones which are thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in albino rats. This was carried out in two phases. The rats were grouped in both phases of four groups, three rats in each group. The first phase was by feeding the animals at varying percentage (30, 50 and 70) for two weeks, while the second phase was by administration of soybean extract at (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) respectively for same duration. The result obtained showed that thyroid hormones values for the fed groups were not significantly (p<0.05) different with that of the control group. Also the result obtained for phase two showed that thyroid hormones values of the treated groups were not significantly (p<0.05) different with that of the control group. The result for both phases showed that soy bean has no significant impact on the thyroid hormones levels of albino rates.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44575108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Dichlorofluorescein as a Probe for Monitoring the Effects ofCalcium on ROS Production in Mitochondria","authors":"Akopova Ov, L. Kolchinskaya, V. Nosar","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000334","url":null,"abstract":"Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is widely applied for monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells and isolated mitochondria. Our purpose was to compare different approaches to the use of DCF for monitoring ROS formation accompanying Ca2+ transport in isolated mitochondria. Ca2+ effects on ROS production was studied in rat brain and liver mitochondria using two modes of DCF application: the first was preloading of stock mitochondrial suspension with DCF precursor dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), and the other was the addition of the aliquots of DCFDA directly to the incubation medium. Calcium increased ROS production in brain and liver mitochondria both under steady-state and non-equilibrium conditions caused by the gradual release of cytochrome c and the gating of the electron flow. Using DCF-preloaded mitochondria we have shown that the rate of ROS formation under steady-state conditions was linearly dependent on the rate of Ca2+-cycling and Ca2+-stimulated respiration. Transition to non-equilibrium state resulted in the non-linear rise in ROS formation, which too exhibited dependence on Ca2+ concentration. While in DCF-preloaded mitochondria DCF fluorescence closely followed the time course of Ca2+ transport, in unloaded mitochondria probe loading interfered with the detection of ROS formation because of continuing change of DCF concentration into matrix space. Based on the experiments, we came to the conclusion that DCF preloaded in mitochondria could serve a suitable probe for monitoring the effects of Ca2+ transport on ROS production.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47061738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of L-Cysteine as an Anti-Oxidant in Papain Catalyzed Synthesis ofOligopeptides in Organic Solvent System","authors":"Santhana Srinivasan, S. Kapila, D. Forciniti, P. Nam","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000335","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic peptide synthesis has drawn considerable attention for synthesis of high by-pass oligopeptide feed supplements in animal nutrition. A hardy protease, (papain) with a cysteine moiety at the active site requires the presence of an anti-oxidant in the reaction medium to ensure that the thiol group remains intact. Free cysteine has been the antioxidant of choice for papain-catalyzed synthesis of oligopeptides in aqueous systems. However, due to limited solubility of cysteine in organic solvents, it is generally not a suitable antioxidant for the synthesis of oligopeptides in biphasic solvent systems; instead, mercaptoethanol is often used. Lysine and Methionine is couple of well-known limiting amino acids that find application in cattle feed and poultry. Synthesis of co-oligopeptides of Lysine and Methionine has generally been attempted in bi-phasic solvent systems with Mercaptoethanol as an anti-oxidant. The inherent toxicity of mercaptoethanol when present even in trace amounts make its use undesirable during synthesis of oligopeptides to be used as feed supplements. Use of non-toxic antioxidants such as Cysteine would make the end product more amenable as a nutritional supplement for animal feed. Therefore efficacy of L-cysteine as an anti-oxidant was investigated during papain catalyzed oligomerization of Lys, Arg, Glu and Asp in two organic systems: a three phase micro-aqueous media consisting of n-octane, DFP and water, as well as homogeneous ACN/water mixtures. Reactions were also carried out under an argon atmosphere in the presence and absence of anti-oxidants. The results of the experiments showed that L-cysteine facilitated oligomer synthesis in both the three phase system and the ACN/water mixture. The overall oligomer yields were found to be better than 75% in the presence of L-Cysteine. Oligopeptide yields obtained through reactions carried out under the argon atmosphere were less than 20%.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47458599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Dysfunction in TB-Diabetic and TB Non-Diabetic Patients Admitted inTB Referral Hospital in Western Cameroon","authors":"L. F. Sama, I. Ali, M. Noubom, Nganou Djinou Ol, Elvis Chongsi Wam, R. Bamou, J. Kuiaté, T. Christopher","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000333","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are group of tests that help in diagnosis, monitoring therapy, and assessing prognosis of liver disease. Methods: To estimate liver function tests in TB-DM and TB without diabetes, we conducted a cross-sectional study in sputum positive pulmonary TB patients in two TB management clinics in Bamenda and Bafoussam in the North West and West regions of Cameroon respectively from November 2014 to July 2015. Results: Of the 189 who patients who were recruited in the study 11.2% (21/189) were TB-DM, 65.1% (123/189) were TB without DM. The mean age of TB-DM was 41.38 ± 14.36 years with age found between 21 and 70 years whereas in TB without DM, the mean age was 35.76 ± 17.64 with minimum age being 12 years and maximum age 82 years. Of these participants, more than half presented abnormal liver function profile with 78.3% (148/189), 39.7% (75/189), 88.36% (167/189), and 91.54% (173/189) presenting abnormal levels of ALP, GGT, ALAT and ASAT respectively. High levels of liver enzymes were observe between the two types of population with no significant. Conclusion: This study showed high levels of liver enzymes in TB-diabetic and TB non-diabetic patients but no significant difference was observed between the two populations. Therefore, proper follow-up during TB treatment should be mandatory.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Heavy Metals Content and Human Health Risk Assessment viaConsumption of Vegetables from Selected Markets in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"K. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Nganwuchu Chinyere Chioma","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000332","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals namely (Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr)) via consumption of vegetables from selected markets in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Sixteen different vegetable samples comprising of Bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina), Curry leaves (Ocimum basilicum), Scent leaves (Ocimum gratissmum), Water Leaves (Talinum triangulare), Uziza (Piper guineese), Fluted pumpkin (Telferia occidetalis), Okazi (Gnetum africanum), and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) were digested and analyzed for heavy metals using Solar Thermo Elemental Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (STEF-AAS). Results obtained were used to estimate the health risk of these heavy metals via consumption of the vegetable samples. The results from the study showed that the heavy metal concentration ranged between 0.016 to 1.387 mg/kg, 0.028 to 1.487 mg/ kg, 0.093 to 3.625 mg/kg and 0.893 to 2.478 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr respectively. The concentration of Pb was below permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. The concentration of Cd in O. gratissimum and T. triangulare from both markets exceeded the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO and EC/CODEX. The concentration of Ni in O. gratissimum and T. occidetalis from Kpanshia market exceeded the permissible limit recommended by NAFDAC while Cr from both markets exceeded permissible limit recommended by European community/CODEX. The Hazard Index (HI) values for all the samples under study were greater than (>) 1 which indicates that there is potential health risk to those consuming these vegetables except A. esculentus in Kpanshia market for adults which was less than (<) 1. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) concentrations of Pb in O. gratissimum, T. occidetalis and G. africanum from Kpanshia market and O. basilicum from Swali market, Cd in T. triangulare and O. gratissimum from both markets and Ni in T. occidetalis from Swali market for children only were all greater than 1 which indicates level of concern that the population may be at risk of either Pb, Ni or Cd toxicity. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) concentrations of Pb in O. gratissimum, T. occidetalis and G. africanum all from Kpanshia market, Cd in T. triangulare from both markets, and Ni in all the samples from both markets were all above the permissible tolerable daily intake (PTDI) limit as recommended by EFSA (European Food and Safety Agency) meaning that those who consume this product may be at risk. The results from the present study tends to suggest that consumption of vegetables from both markets under study in Bayelsa state could be one of the contributory factors to the heavy metal burden among consumers due to their frequent consumption.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42500956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuticular Wax of Tectona grandis L. Leaves – A Resistance Marker against Plant Pathogens","authors":"S. Biswas, N. Chakraborty, P. Bhowmik","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000330","url":null,"abstract":"The leaf surface of higher plants is composed of varied profile of hydrocarbons which play a vital role in chemical recognition and potentially involved in plant-pathogen interactions and communication with nature. There is little evidence to the direction that plant cuticle play a major factor in plant defense against pathogens besides imparting physical barrier to the plant. Teak (Tectona grandis. L) is one such tree found with diverse geographical distribution. In the present work, our objective was to study the cuticular composition of the fresh leaves of teak which is responsible for its wide adaptation and its antimicrobial activity. Cuticular compounds from the hexane fraction of the teak leaves were isolated, purified and spectral analyses revealed a long chain unbranched heneicosane (C21) with a mol. wt. of 296. This saturated hydrocarbon forms a continuous layer on the leaf surfaces which act as physical barrier to the micro-organisms and also possesses a strong defensing activity against a number of pathogens which implies its role in defensive mechanisms of the plant. The antifungal activity of heneicosane on each of the microbial species was statistically significant at P≤0.001 level. Its abundant recovery from teak leaves may justify its putative role as a resistance marker.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42569100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Value of Cucumber Cultivated in Three Selected States ofNigeria","authors":"Abbey Bw, N. Nwachoko, Ikiroma Gn","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) which was only cultivated in Northern Nigeria in the past, is now cultivated in other parts of Nigeria. However there is no data to show the nutritional quality of cucumber as it relates to the location of cultivation. This research involved the cultivation of cucumber in three selected states of Nigeria, (Rivers, Imo and Plateau State) with the same variety, same technique and treatment. At ten weeks after planting, the cucumber was harvested. The fruit were observed, their quantity, weight and length measured and recorded. The proximate analysis was carried out using standard laboratory technique; mineral analysis (K+, Na+, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn and Zn) was analyzed using the Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer technique. The result of the physical appearance showed no difference. Also the result of proximate analysis showed that the cucumber cultivated in Plateau State differ significantly at P<0.05 in moisture, protein, crude fiber, ash and fat content when compared with cucumber cultivated in Imo and Rivers States. The result of the mineral analysis showed that cucumber cultivated in Rivers state had the highest value in Ca and Mg content and cucumber cultivated in Plateau State had the highest value in K+, Cu, Mn, Na+ and Zn content. The result revealed that cucumber cultivated in Plateau State significantly differ in mineral content. Thus we may say that location is an important factor that could reflect on the nutritional quality of the cucumber.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46726386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of an Amperometric Lactate Biosensor Based onImmobilization of Lactate Dehydrogenase Nanoparticles onto PencilGraphite Electrode","authors":"Vinay Narwal, Kusum Dagar, C. Pundir","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000331","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) of commercial lactate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle were prepared, characterized and immobilized covalently onto pencil graphite (PG) electrode to fabricate an improved amperometric lactate biosensor (LDHNPs/PGE). The biosensor showed an optimum response within 2.5s at pH 7.0, temperature 35°C, at an applied potential of -0.4V. The wide linear response was produced by biosensor with in a concentration range of lactic acid (0.001 μM to 45 mM) and current (mA) under optimal conditions. The LDHNPs/PGE electrode showed high sensitivity (2.45 ± 2.0 μA cm−2 μM−1); a lower detection limit (0.001 μM) and good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99) with a standard enzymic colorimetric method. The evaluation study of biosensor offered a good analytical recovery of 98.01%, when lactic acid concentration was added in the sera sample. In addition, within and between batches coefficients of variation for working electrode were detected as 0.03% and 0.04%, respectively. The biosensor was applied for the detection of lactic acid in the serum of apparently healthy subject and patients affected from cardiogenic shocks. There was a 10% loss in initial activity of biosensor after its regular use over a time period of 180 days, while being stored at 4°C.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48957556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}