Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Function and Application of PlantPeroxidases","authors":"P. VedaP, Ey, Manika Awasthi, Swati Singh, Sameeksha Tiwari, U. Dwivedi","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxidases, one of the key antioxidant enzymes, are widely distributed in nature and catalyze oxidation of various electron donor substrates concomitant with the decomposition of H2O2. The non-animal plant peroxidases (class III peroxidase) are involved in various essential physiological processes of plant growth and development throughout their life cycle. In view of the capability of peroxidases to catalyze the redox reaction for a wide range of substrates, they are considered as one of the important enzyme from the point of view of their various medicinal, biochemical, immunological, biotechnological and industrial applications. They have been successfully used for biopulping and biobleaching in the paper and textile industries. Peroxidases have also been used in organic synthesis, bioremediation, as well as various analytical applications in diagnostic kits, ELISA. Peroxidase based biosensors find application in analytical systems for determination of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, alcohols, glutamate, and choline etc. Thus, in view of array of physiological functions as well as industrial applications, the peroxidases have conquered a dominant position in research groups and become one of the most extensively studied enzymes. In this direction, the present review embodies the classification, mechanism of action, major physiological functions as well as industrial applications of plant peroxidases.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48873937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Propofol's Action on MAP Rich Tubulin and Actin - An In Vitro Study","authors":"P. Sahni, M. Kumar, R. Pachauri","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000338","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a century of sustained research, brain scientists remain ignorant of the workings of the three pound organ that is the seat of all conscious human activity. Many have tried to attack the problem by examining the nervous systems of simpler organisms. The difficulty in establishing a link between biology and behaviour in humans is still more acute. There are techniques which are used to record the activity of single neurons in living humans. Such breakthrough methods could, in principle, begin to bridge the gap between the firing of neurons and cognition: perception, emotion, decision making and ultimately, consciousness itself. Deciphering the exact patterns of brain activity that underlie thinking and behavior will also provide critical insights into what happens when neural circuitry malfunctions in psychiatric and neurological disorders-schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Anesthetics are also known to inhibit neuronal fast anterograde axoplasmic transport (FAAT) in a reversible and dose-dependent manner, but the precise mechanism by which anesthetic prevent consciousness remains unknown largely because the mechanism by which brain physiology produces consciousness is unexplained. In the present study we have used circular dichroism spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to see the effect of propofol on the assembly of neuronal tubulin and actin together and probed into the changes of their secondary structures.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Azoxystrobin Fungicide after Derivatization","authors":"Kafeel Khan, H. Gulab, Farzana Hai̇der","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000353","url":null,"abstract":"A UV-Visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of azoxystrobin fungicide. Complexation reaction of the azoxystrobin fungicide was carried out with the Ferric (III) chloride in presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in alkaline medium resulting in a reddish-brown color complex. The absorbance of the complex was measured at 513 nm using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Different parameters affecting the derivatization reactions were carefully studied and optimized. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1-12 μg mL-1. The molar absorptivity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated and found to be 4.3 × 10-4 L mol-1 cm-1, 0.38 μg mL-1 and 1.26 μg mL-1 respectively. Similarly, the mean limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated for residue determination and were found to be 3.8 ± 1.02 μg mL-1 and 3.98 ± 1.4 μg mL-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of azoxystrobin in pure form and in commercial formulations.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Macromolecular Crowding and Confinement on Enzyme Activity and Structure under Native and Denaturing Conditions","authors":"S. Long, J. Kunkel, P. Asuri","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000355","url":null,"abstract":"It is now well appreciated that both crowding and confinement influence enzyme structure and function due to excluded volume effects; however, the relative efficacies of these environments on protein fates remain unclear due to a lack of direct comparison studies. In this study, we explore the use of the biopolymer alginate to develop an in vitro platform to investigate the effects of both crowding and confinement on the behavior of two model enzymes - horseradish peroxidase and β-galactosidase. Alginate, in its solution phase, can be used as a crowding agent and, in its gel phase by crosslinking using divalent cations, to encapsulate and confine proteins, thereby allowing us to use the same system to directly compare the effects of crowding and confinement. Different degrees of crowding and confinement were achieved by varying the alginate concentration, and these studies demonstrated a clear dependence of enzyme activity on the degree of crowding and confinement. Moreover, our data also suggested that protein confinement in crosslinked alginate gels led to higher enhancements in enzyme activity under denaturing conditions relative to non-crosslinked crowded environments. Results from the kinetic analyses were corroborated using structural measurements of protein denaturation using the 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence assay.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Determine Cutoff Value of Triglycerides to HDL Ratio in Cardio Vascular Risk Factors","authors":"Q. Ain, Naveed Asif, Mehwish Gilani, Noreen, W. Sheikh, Aammad Akram","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the cutoff value for Triglycerides to HDL ratio in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.Study design: The study design was cross sectional which is observational cross sectional.Place and duration of study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi from January 2018-June 2018.Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted after the Institutional Review Board‘s (IRB) approval at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from January 2018-June 2018. Data was collected from 354 patients. Inclusion criteria included adults with 19-50 years of age. Patient with comorbidity like cancer, tuberculosis, bed ridden patients were excluded from study. Sampling technique was simple random sampling which was done by simply picking participants through random numbers.Results: Out of a total 354 patients selected, 269 (71.5%) were females while 86 (22.9%) were males with mean age of 37 ± 11.64 years with range of 22-60 years of age group. A cut off of 1.0 for Triglycerides to HDL–c ratio was able to identify participants with cardio metabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes). The AUC of ROC for the ability of TG/HDL-C ratio to predict cardio metabolic risk factors was significant with coordinates of 0.68 ± 1.60 (p-value=0.03). Particularly with a cutoff point of 1.0 it showed a sensitivity of 76% while specificity was 64% for early diagnosis of cardiovascular risks factors.Conclusion: This study concluded that using 1.0 as an optimal cutoff of TG/HDL ratio can be used as a predictor and an early marker for cardio metabolic risk factors.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Some Selected Solvent Extracts of Avocado Pear ( Persea americana ) on Cholesterol/HDL Ratio in Albino Rats","authors":"Olagunju Ht, Oruambo If, Oyelowo Ho, Gogo Appolus Obediah","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of some selected solvents extracts of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) on Cholesterol/HDL ratio of albino rats was investigated. The avocado fruit was dried at room temperature and was extracted with ethanol and N-hexane using soxhlet extractor. The phytochemical screening of ethanol, aqueous and N-hexane extracts reveals the presence of Alkaloid, Tannin, Phytate, Phenol, Oxalate, Steroid, Saponin and Glycoside. The quantitative analysis shows that Alkaloid; Aqueous Extract 0.96%, Ethanol 1.37%, N-hexane 1.81%, Phytate; Aqueous Extract 0.68%, Ethanol 1.47%, N-hexane 0.88%, Saponin; Aqueous Extract 1.28%, Ethanol 0.76%, N-hexane 1.06%, Phenol; Aqueous Extract 2.75%, Ethanol 2.43%, N-hexane 1.14%, Oxalate; Aqueous Extract 3.36%, Ethanol 2.81%, N-hexane 2.53%, Tannin; Aqueous Extract 0.69%, Ethanol 1.36%, N-hexane 0.72%, Steroid; Aqueous Extract 1.66%, Ethanol 2.04%, N-hexane 2.58%, Glycoside; Aqueous Extract 0.14%, Ethanol 0.52%, N-hexane 0.39%. Eighteen male albino rats were divided into three groups of which six rats per group; the first group were given ethanol extracts while the control receive ethanol, the second group were given N-hexane extracts while the control receive N-hexane and the third group were given aqueous extract while the untreated were feed ad libitum which serve as the control. A lipid profile test was carried out in the serum of albino rats in which the values of HDL, TRIG, LDL, CHOL and VLDL was recorded. The TC/HDL ratio was calculated by dividing Cholesterol with HDL and was plotted on a bar chart. Aqueous extract of avocado has the highest concentration in oxalate and phenol compared to ethanol and N-hexane extracts. The Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio of untreated albino rats feed ad libitum has a ratio of 5.468 which is a high risk heart disease. Albino rats fed with aqueous extract has a ratio of 4.615 while ethanol extracts has a ratio of 4.623, they both fell in a low risk heart disease. N-hexane extract has a ratio of 3.553 which falls below average for heart disease. In conclusion, the result obtained from phytochemical concentration shows that oxalate and phenol has the highest percentage in all the solvent extracts of avocado. The cardiovascular disease marker on TC/HDL Ratio of male albino rats fed with aqueous and ethanol extracts fell within the low risk acceptable range while N-hexane extracts fell in very low average risk for CVD. The result shows that Avocado (Persea americana) reduces TC/HDL Ratio as well as boosting the “good cholesterol” (HDL) which is good for cardiovascular health.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the Activity of Some Biocompounds Relevant in Food and Clinical Domain","authors":"A. Pisoschi","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000E169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000E169","url":null,"abstract":"Researches devoted to the bioactivity of various key metabolites or plant extracts are important in several pathologies, such as degenerative or infectious diseases. This type of researches is published in volume 6 issue 3. Nutritional quality investigation, as well as the minutious evaluation of factors influencing health status, requires the use of different biorecognition elements and the application of techniques based on various detection mechanisms, such as spectrometrical or electrochemical.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000E169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70560485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoledronic Acid and Its Calcium-contain Complexes in Treatment of Experimental Osteoporosis in Wistar Female Rats","authors":"Grygorieva Vn, V. Povoroznyuk, V. Pekhnyo, O. M. Kozachkova, N. Tsaryk","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to assess the composition, stability and biological activity of the complexes that are formed in the solution on the interaction of calcium ions with Zolendronic acid (Zol) and study their effects on bone mineral density (BMD) indexes in female rats with experimental osteoporosis. 40 reproductive Wistar rats with systemic osteoporosis which was modeled by oophorectomy were under the study. Animals were divided into 4 groups (I – did not receive any treatment with bisphosphonates, only sufficient consumption of calcium and vitamin D (Ca-D); II – receive single dose of Zol and Ca-D; III – soluble calcium complexes of Zol (Ca-Zol) without additional use of Ca-D; IV – soluble calcium complexes of Zol with Ca-D). BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) of total body and spine were measured before treatment, after 1 and 3 months of observation by X-ray densitometer \"Prodigy\". Our study showed the significant positive changes in total body BMD in 1 and 3 months and spine BMD in 3 months of observation 2d group. Analysis of BMD in rats of 3d group has not shown any significant changes of spine and total body in 1 and 3 months after its injection. However, the administration of complexes calcium and Zol with Ca-D has positive effects on total body BMDs in 1 and 3 months’ follow-up and spine BMD in 3 months of observation. Analysis of BMC indices in rats of 4th group showed the positive changes in spine and total body indexes in 1 and 3 month of follow-up, however it was not found any significant differences with animal of 2d group. Conclusion investigated soluble complexes of calcium and Zol in combination with Ca-D supplementation showed positive effect on BMD and BMC indices however did not have any benefits in comparison standard administration of Zol with Ca-D supplementation.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Pulp Extract and Fractions of Ziziphus mauritiana","authors":"Asugu Mm, M. Am, Umar Ia, Ameh Da, Innocent Joseph, H. Louis, P. I. Amos","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000352","url":null,"abstract":"The methanol pulp extract of Ziziphus mauritiana was investigated for the presence of bioactive substances and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aureus, Salmonela typhi and Bacillus subtilis using the agar diffusion method. The result of phytochemical test indicated that tannins, flavonoids, saponin, cyanogenic glycosides, and terpenoids were present in pulp. The result of antibacterial studies indicates that the crude extract as well as fractions possesses significant activity against the tested organisms. The extract and its fraction also possess good inhibitory activity; hence can be used as antibacterial agent.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Levels of Inflammatory Marker hsCRP, MDA and Lipid Profile in Non-obese Hypertension Subjects","authors":"M. Nakkeeran, S. Periasamy, Inmozhi, K. Santha, S. Sethupathy","doi":"10.4172/2161-1009.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a very sensitive marker of inflammation, which is synthesized in the liver and has been a widely used biomarker for risk stratifying in Cardio vascular disease (CVD). It is positively correlated with abdominal fat and closely correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and obesity had the predominant association with cytokine levels. Obesity induces systemic oxidative stress and causes dysregulation of adipo cytokines and development of metabolic syndrome. In our study, we investigated hsCRP levels in non-obese hypertensive subjects on treatment and its relationship with oxidative stress and lipid profile. Methods: Patients with secondary hypertension, past history of stroke, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. Serum lipid profile and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hsCRP were estimated in these patients by standard procedures and the values were compared with healthy controls. Totally 160 subjects were included in the study.115 were considered as Hypertension with blood pressure >140/90 mmHg and 45 as healthy controls after obtaining consent. Results: There is significant difference in hsCRP levels between study groups, and hsCRP levels correlate with blood pressure. The level of MDA and hsCRP levels were significantly increased in hypertensive subjects compared to control group. Conclusion: Our study shows that even in non-obese hypertensive subjects there was significant increase of hsCRP, LDL Cholesterol. Hence elevated hsCRP levels in addition to lipid profile screening may be a valuable tool for prediction of CVD risk in hypertensive subjects.","PeriodicalId":89896,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and analytical biochemistry : current research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1009.1000339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}