Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)最新文献

{"title":"Sport Training to Promote Physical and Mental Health of Adolescents in the New Normality Post Covid-19","authors":"Luis Guillermo Hernández-Tapia, Leticia Ondina-Muñoz, Diana Cecilia Tapia-Pancardo","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.1410094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.1410094","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Today’s adolescents belong to the digital era, immersed in apps, electronic games, social networks; these facts led to extreme negative outcomes such as sedentarism, overweight, obesity, diabetes, behavior troubles. This last one includes isolation, lack of verbal communication, absence of solidarity, lack of empathy, impaired management of emotions, conducing to deterioration of family and social relationships, as well as impaired physical and mental health. The aim was to identify the influence of sport activity in adolescents to promote physical and mental health in the new normality post Covid-19. Method: The research is qualitative with phenomenological method, through which reality portraits were obtained, allowing to collect and identify participant’s features. Participants were 3 men and 1 woman, beginners and senior students from nursing and sports science schools, aged 22 to 24 years. Specific exercises according to physical abilities of each one were drove, focused in the philosophy of martial arts that include self-care. Data were analyzed according to De Souza Minayo. Original speeches from participants were maintained, narrative and perspectives on their experiences within training, rigor to reach proposed goals and support in their daily lives. Results: Three categories emerged. Category 1. Martial arts promote values in the trainee, with sub-categories: 1.1 They represent a life style of honorability and respect. 1.2 They promote a healthier physical and mental person. 1.3 They encourage values applied to their daily lives. Category 2. Martial arts favorably impact in the life of the trainee, with sub-categories 2.1 They represent a strategy to face stress. 2.2 They promote resilience facing difficult events. Category 3. Martial arts as a holistic support after the pandemic, with sub-categories 3.1 They grant physical, mental and spiritual strength to trainee. 3.2 They encourage tolerance and empathy to family members. Conclusion: Modeling a physical, psychological, and spiritual system within oriental martial arts setting promotes holistic well-being in adolescents, which favors physical, cognitive-behavioral, emotional and sensorial development among adolescents, as well as diminishing public health problems arising in this step of life after the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135103236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Facets and Intelligence: Compensation and Investment","authors":"Adrian Furnham","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.1410096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.1410096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper revisits the issue of the relationship between personality (the Big Five traits), measured at domain and facet level, and intelligence using two general measures of intelligence. The samples under investigation were over 14,000 adults who were all middle-aged business people attending Assessment Centres in Great Britain. It focused on trying to resolve inconsistent findings by focusing on facet level analyses, using large adult populations and two measures of intelligence. It also explored the Compensation hypothesis associated with Conscientiousness, and the Investment hypothesis associated with Openness-to-Experience. Correlational results are reported for both males and females and which were very consistent, as well as regression results. At the domain level the results were consistent: four traits, particularly Conscientiousness, were negatively associated with the IQ test scores, while Openness was positively associated. Both studies showed many similar results at the facet level, with facets of the same trait often being strongly positively (O5), but also negatively (O2), associated with intelligence. Overall, effect sizes suggest that personality accounted for relatively little of the variance in intelligence scores: though Openness and its facets showed consistent correlations. Results are discussed in terms of the two prominent mini-theories that link personality traits to intelligence. Limitations of various aspects of this study and implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epileptic-Like Disorder as an Underlying Condition in ASD, OCD, and ADHD","authors":"Giuliana Galli Carminati, Alexandre Buttex, Gregory Zecca, Federico Carminati","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.1410090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.1410090","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In our clinical practice, we have observed epileptic-like disorders that often accompany autistic spectrum (ASD), obsessive-compulsive (OCD), and attention deficit hyperactive disorders (ADHD). From these observations, we hypothesized that epileptic-like disorders aren’t simply a frequent comorbid syndrome but rather an underlying etiological factor of the three disorders. Purpose: Care for these patients is problematic, and their disease seriously affects their quality of life. Finding an appropriate pharmacological treatment is central to improving their condition. Methods: We present the clinical vignettes of two patients with ASD, OCD, and ADHD at various intellectual levels. These patients are very different in many aspects of their life story and pathology. They differ in the severity of the three disorders, their location on the ASD spectrum, and their intellectual level. Results: Our observations gave us grounds to suspect a common epileptic-like root. The tuning of antiepileptic treatment in the first patient and introducing Pregabalin for the second reduced their symptomatology and substantially increased their quality of life. Conclusions: In our experience with ASD, OCD, and ADHD comorbidity with different clinical profiles and intellectual levels, adjusting or introducing the antiepileptic treatment showed positive effects. This fact seems consistent with our hypothesis. We would welcome more studies on this subject that could lead to a quantitative assessment of our idea.","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Conspiracy Theories","authors":"Adrian Furnham, Jona Leka","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.149084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.149084","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored one of the less studied types of conspiracy theories, namely those concerned with business, organisations and industry. In all, 400 participants completed a 60-item questionnaire which covered a number of areas such as dishonest advertising, bribery and corruption. Given the opportunity to respond “don’t know”, a large number (>25%) responded that way to very specific questions. Overall, it seemed that consumers believed drug, oil and tobacco companies were dishonest and devious in their marketing. Also, they believed many manufacturers and advertisers attempted to manipulate and trick customers. Four factors resulted from a number of analyses though correlations and regressions suggested that demographic (age, sex, class) and ideological factors (religious and political beliefs) were not strongly related to business conspiracy theories suggesting consensus. Implications for understanding how conspiracy beliefs relate to product purchase and consumer boycotts are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the Effectiveness of Cognitive Biases on Climate-Oriented Decision Making: A Novel Consideration for Policy Ideation and Enforcement","authors":"Chenfeng Hao, Kimberly Rose Clark","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.1410089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.1410089","url":null,"abstract":"Public policies are an imperative population intervention to guide human decision-making towards the intended goal in order to achieve both the public good and improvements in society. However, recent years have witnessed increased noncompliance to public policies and their general failures to influence target population’s decision-making in dire areas of issues. One primary example is climate policy. While traditional methods of policy framing are currently met with nonoptimal population responses, incorporating common cognitive biasing strategies may provide a solution. Thus, this research study aims to investigate the impact of cognitive bias on responses towards climate policy. The study compared the responses of two independent groups to a survey that differed in the statement tone: one survey was neutral, while the other incorporated various forms of cognitive bias related to climate policy. The study recruited 149 participants who were randomly assigned to either the neutral or pro-climate conditioned survey. Each question in the pro-climate conditioned survey contains framing in the form of both pro-climate language and specific cognitive biases such as base rates, temporal construal, emotional arousal, etc. The results, which are based on the difference in participant responses between the neutral and pro-climate survey, showed that the participants in the pro-climate condition had significantly different responses towards climate policy compared to those in the neutral condition. Namely, questions 16, 23, 26, and 37 showed statistically significant differences between the two conditions. While questions 16 and 26 are general priming questions where the only difference between the two conditions is the pro-climate language, questions 23 and 37 tested the effect and cumulative priming influence of specific cognitive biases. All four questions’ results’ implications are then thoroughly discussed, along with a more general discussion of the overall priming influence of the pro-climate survey. Overall, these findings indicate that the inclusion of cognitive bias in survey questions can prime individuals and influence their identification and implementation of climate-based policy initiatives. These results highlight the importance of understanding how cognitive biases can affect responses to surveys and, in turn, influence policy decisions. Along with discussions of the qualitative implications of this study’s quantitative results, potential limitations associated with this study’s methods, and broader conclusions of this study’s practical application are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136053212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Traits and Levels of Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Academic Dishonesty among Higher Education Students in Ghana","authors":"P. Eshun, K. T. Dabone, R. Annan-Brew, Inuusah Mahama, Samual Ofori Danquah","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.141002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.141002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70786412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a Lesson Study Model in Chinese Universities","authors":"Y. Zeng","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.143020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.143020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70786931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heuristics, Biases and the Psychology of Reasoning: State of the Art","authors":"Montserrat Martín, María Dolores Valiña","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.142016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.142016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70787082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Countermeasure Study on the Current Situation of Depression among Teaching Staff in Deyang City","authors":"Dan Li, Ruifang Xiang, Lin Li","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.146048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.146048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70788128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychoeducational Program at Refugee Schools in Malaysia: An Initial Study","authors":"Ahmed Hamdi Aissa, A. Bakar, Salleh Amat","doi":"10.4236/psych.2023.148081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.148081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89844,"journal":{"name":"Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70789521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}