BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with interferon-gamma release assay positivity in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hewei Song, Yao Zhang, Qingzhu Zhang, Jin Zhang, Weijie Gu, Pei Yang, Yang Xiao, Fang Liu, Min Li, Wenjing Ding, Kexu Song, Lina Qiao, Yanhua Li, Yueyun Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14090-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14090-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is recommended for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening prior to biologic therapy in psoriasis. Yet factors influencing IGRA positivity in this population remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify clinical factors associated with IGRA positivity among patients with psoriasis and to develop an internally validated model to summarize these associations in routine dermatological care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 1,126 patients with psoriasis without a documented history of prior tuberculosis (285 IGRA-positive and 841 IGRA-negative) at a single dermatology centre. Variables associated with IGRA positivity in univariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, which was internally validated using bootstrap resampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall IGRA positivity rate was 25.3%. IGRA positivity increased markedly with age, from 8.2% in patients aged ≤ 30 years to 45.6% in those aged > 60 years, with an optimal ROC-derived cutoff of 49 years (sensitivity, 0.561; specificity, 0.762). In multivariable analysis, older age (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.037-1.059, p < 0.001), pulmonary nodules (OR 1.608, 95% CI 1.094-2.365, p = 0.016), and higher eosinophil percentage (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.033-1.190, p = 0.004) were independently associated with increased odds of IGRA positivity, whereas prior biologic exposure was associated with reduced odds (OR 0.705, 95% CI 0.512-0.969, p = 0.031). The eight-variable multivariable model demonstrated acceptable discrimination (AUC 0.726; optimism-corrected AUC 0.717, 95% CI 0.690-0.763) and good calibration (Brier score 0.167). Decision curve analysis suggested net clinical benefit across a threshold range of approximately 5%-50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older age, pulmonary nodules, and higher eosinophil percentage were independently associated with IGRA positivity, while prior biologic exposure showed an inverse association likely related to selection bias. The model showed acceptable internal performance and may provide supplementary context, but should not replace standard pre-biologic tuberculosis assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: A diagnostic model for sepsis using an integrated machine learning framework approach and its therapeutic drug discovery.","authors":"Wuping Zhang, Hanping Shi, Jie Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14100-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14100-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS in mycobacterial detection, species identification, and drug resistance testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","authors":"Mengdie Yan, Jing Xu, Zhengzheng Yang, Lin Liu, Yu Wang, Xiaoni Guo, Xiao Liu, Huiru An, Tianhao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14026-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14026-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Conventional methods for detecting mycobacteria were insufficient for comprehensive species identification and full-spectrum drug resistance profiling. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of nucleic acid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for mycobacterial detection, species identification, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance testing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective study was performed on clinical specimens (including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pleural fluid, pus, and other lesion samples) obtained from patients with tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, or other infectious diseases at the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between December 2020 and July 2023. Specimens were examined using nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS, Gene Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. Diagnostic performance and agreement were assessed using Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and composite clinical diagnosis (integrating clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and multiple laboratory tests according to WS288-2017 Diagnostic Criteria for Tuberculosis of China) as reference standards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 138 specimens were included in the final analysis. Compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS exhibited relatively high analytical nucleic acid sensitivity (97.7%) for MTB detection (97.7%). However, the assay showed poor specificity of only 24.2%, with slight agreement between Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS (Kappa = 0.151). When composite clinical diagnosis was used as the reference standard, nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS yielded seemingly favorable diagnostic indicators (sensitivity: 98.1%, specificity: 73.3%, accuracy: 92.8%, Kappa = 0.770). Its sensitivity (98.1%) was numerically superior to that of culture (39.8%) and Xpert (73.1%), with all P &lt; 0.001. The AUC of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS was 0.857, which was comparable to that of Xpert (0.870) with P = 0.721, but relatively higher than that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture with P &lt; 0.001. In drug resistance prediction (n = 34), nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS exhibited moderate accuracy for rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, and fluoroquinolones (AUC range: 0.760-0.840), with rifampicin resistance sensitivity reaching 95.0%. Meanwhile, a total of 29 strains, including NTM and MTB co-infections, were identified by nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS, which were descriptive only.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS is an auxiliary tool for the rapid diagnosis of MTB and NTM and for the preliminary screening of drug resistance. The assay exhibits moderately improved sensitivity compared with culture methods and reasonably good concordance with composite clinical diagnosis. It platform may serve as an auxiliary screening m","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term impact of COVID-19 on haemophilia: a multicenter study in Southwest China.","authors":"Chun Cao, Shu Chen, Yin Liu, Xiaoyan Tan, Jing Zhu, Jianchuan Deng, Haixia Ma, Tangfei Li, Qunxia Zhang, Xiuni Gan, Xia Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13918-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-13918-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not yet over as millions of people are still diagnosed with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 (long COVID) worldwide. Despite some advances in haemophilia research, the precise relationship between COVID-19 and haemophilia remains elusive, warranting further investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 254 cases of people with haemophilia (PwH) infected with COVID-19 from Southwest China were enrolled in the present study. Baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and vaccination data were collected and analyzed. Patients were followed up for clinical characteristics at 1, 2, 4, and 16 weeks and 6 months after COVID-19. The spontaneous bleeding characteristics, joint functional status (assessed by the Haemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS] and Haemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound [HEAD-US]), coagulation factor inhibitors formation, characteristics of long COVID and changes in mental state were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical features of the 254 PwH were analyzed in the study. A significant reduction in spontaneous bleeding frequency was observed in all body regions except the gingiva during COVID-19 (p < 0.05). This pattern of reduced bleeding during infection, followed by an increase post-infection, was observed across the cohort, which included patients with varying severities of haemophilia (severe, n = 167; moderate, n = 59; mild, n = 28). In addition, PwH developed long COVID, characterized by chronic cough (7.87%) and fatigue (5.12%). Six months after COVID-19 infection, approximately 13.39% of PwH showed anxiety and the number of patients with moderate depression and extremely severe depression increased significantly (p < 0.05). During the six-month follow-up, no significant alterations in coagulation factor activity or joint functional status were observed among PwH. A comparison of joint functional status before and after COVID-19 infection revealed no significant difference in the HJHS, with scores of 21.79 ± 15.79 vs 23.81 ± 14.96 (p > 0.05). The HEAD-US Score was 20.33 ± 11.93 vs 20.62 ± 12.61, p > 0.05. In addition, one patient developed coagulation factor Ⅷ inhibitors after COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that spontaneous bleeding episodes are decreased among PwH during COVID-19 infection, and the infection does not cause deterioration of joint function. In addition, it underscores the necessity of close monitoring of long COVID-related impacts as well as COVID-19-associated mental health conditions in PwH.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and multi-center validation of a machine learning‑based prediction model for mortality in tumor-related sepsis.","authors":"Lingyu Jiang, Luming Zhang, Weisheng Chen, Yonglong Zhong, Junlin Zhang, Miao Hu, Lu Huang, Lin Han, Shulin Xiang, Bin Xiong, Haiyan Yin","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14096-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14096-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor-Related Sepsis requires a novel, straightforward model for early and precise prognosis prediction due to inadequate current assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV 3.0 database for model development and internal validation. External validation was performed using datasets from different centers to enhance the model's generalizability. Three machine learning techniques were employed for variable selection. After comparing multiple models, the best-performing one was selected and used to develop a clinically applicable nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3777 cases for the development of the model. Four distinct prediction models were developed by integrating various machine learning techniques and clinical characterization methods. These models incorporated 8, 14, 8, and 9 variables, respectively. During internal validation, Model 4 demonstrated acceptable discriminative performance, with AUC values of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.750-0.791) for the training set and 0.769 (95% CI: 0.738-0.799) for the test set. Compared to other models, Model 4 exhibited comparable calibration accuracy and higher clinical utility. It also yielded higher AUC values than the APACHE II, SOFA, and LODS scoring systems. In external validation, Model 4 maintained consistent performance, achieving AUC values of 0.703 (95% CI: 0.676-0.730) for the EICU-CARD database and 0.714 (95% CI: 0.633-0.796) for the Guangxi tertiary hospital dataset. A nomogram was developed to facilitate clinical interpretation and decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the retrospective design, this study developed a concise nomogram prediction model using multiple machine learning approaches and multi-database validation. The model demonstrated moderate discriminative ability in both internal and external validation, suggesting potential clinical utility that requires further prospective evaluation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on April 22, 2025 (registration number ChiCTRPID270259).</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China, 2010-2024: a fifteen-year national surveillance analysis.","authors":"Qian Ren, Hui-Jie Qin, Si-Han Li, Shi-Jian Zhou, Jun-Yuan Chen, Di Mu, Yu Li, Qiu-Lan Chen, Yan-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14066-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14066-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) incidence has risen steadily in China since the disease was first identified in 2009, with both case numbers and the geographic scope of reporting expanding over time. This study analyzed national surveillance data from 2010 to 2024 to characterize the evolving epidemiological patterns of SFTS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective descriptive study included clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) (2010-2024). Joinpoint regression was used to analyze incidence trends. Case fatality rate (CFR) differences were assessed by chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests, and the temporal trend was assessed by linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2010-2024, a total of 30 provinces reported 34,055 cases. From 2010 to 2024, the incidence rate of SFTS in China showed a fluctuating upward trend, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 43.28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.23%-43.33%;P < 0.01). Most cases were sporadic, with some regional clustering and rapid geographic expansion to previously unaffected areas. The number of reported cases in Anhui Province began to rise rapidly in 2022, making it the province with the highest number of reported cases in China in 2023 and 2024. The average CFR was 4.79%, and the CFR increased with age, reaching 9.15% among those aged 85 years and above.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the period from 2010 to 2024, SFTS in China exhibited a marked increase in reported incidence and considerable geographical expansion. The disease is no longer confined to traditional high-risk areas; the rapid rise in cases in province such as Anhui suggests a critical need to re-evaluate the ecological and social factors driving its transmission. Although the overall population CFR showed a declining trend, mortality risk among elderly subgroups still needs attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCG vaccination and household TB exposure in childhood tuberculosis: a community-based case-control study in rural Bangladesh.","authors":"Taifur Rahman, Satyajit Kundu, Ahmed Hossain","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14043-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14043-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>BCG vaccination and household exposure to tuberculosis (TB) are central to childhood TB control, yet their delivery and effectiveness vary considerably across communities. Evidence from community-based studies in high-transmission, resource-limited settings remains sparse, particularly among marginalised populations such as tea-garden worker communities. This study evaluates their protective effect against childhood TB in rural Bangladesh to address this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a community-based case-control study in Moulavibazar District, enrolling children aged 2-14 years from January 8 to April 30, 2023. Cases had newly diagnosed, confirmed TB; controls were community-matched by neighborhood children without respiratory symptoms. We used multivariable logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to assess model calibration. For the Random Forest model, variable importance was assessed using mean decrease in accuracy (MDA) with permutation-based testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dataset comprised 207 cases and 207 controls, with a mean age of 10.09 ± 3.69 years among cases and 9.38 ± 3.37 years among controls. The multivariable analysis identified adolescent age (11-14 years vs. 2-5 years: aOR 2.53, 95% CI = 1.33-4.80), male sex (aOR 1.79, 95% CI = 1.19-2.71), and a family history of TB within the last 6 months (aOR 1.92, 95% CI = 1.22-3.03) as having an association with TB. BCG vaccination demonstrated a significant protective association, reducing the odds of TB by 57% (aOR 0.43, 95% CI = 0.20-0.93). A random forest model confirmed these as the most important predictors, achieving a classification accuracy of 71.6% (AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 68.5%, specificity = 73.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In rural Bangladesh, childhood TB is associated with adolescent age, male sex, and household exposure. Intensifying universal BCG vaccination and prioritizing household TB exposure assessment, especially for adolescent boys, are critical to reducing the disease burden.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic validity of the HIV VISITECT CD4 point-of-care rapid diagnostic test in Uganda.","authors":"Oliver Nakamaanya, Bernard Bagaya, Willy Ssengooba, Erick Thokerunga, Henry Zamarano","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14021-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14021-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV remains highly prevalent in Uganda, where CD4 T-cell counts are central to identifying and managing Advanced HIV Disease (AHD). Instrument-based point-of-care (POC) CD4 platforms face cost and operational constraints in resource-limited settings. The VISITECT CD4 lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) offers a non-instrument-based alternative, but its diagnostic validity against the Pima Analyzer had not been evaluated in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare diagnostic validity of the VISITECT CD4 LFA against the Pima Analyzer at the 200 cells/µL AHD threshold and explore factors influencing performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 at three Kampala health centres. Venous blood from 351 HIV-positive adults was tested simultaneously on both platforms. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and likelihood ratios were calculated with 95% CIs using the Pima Analyzer-a point-of-care, not gold-standard, platform-as reference; estimates reflect relative, not absolute, performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were female (68.11%), median age 31 years; mean CD4 count was 482 cells/µL (± 283.9) and AHD prevalence 22.79%. VISITECT CD4 LFA showed sensitivity of 86.25% (95% CI: 76.73-92.93), specificity of 90.41% (95% CI: 86.26-93.64), PPV of 72.63% (95% CI: 64.57-79.44), NPV of 95.70% (95% CI: 92.78-97.48), and inter-rater agreement κ = 0.957. No assessed factor significantly modified performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VISITECT CD4 LFA performed reliably as an AHD screening tool relative to the Pima Analyzer in resource-limited settings, particularly where instrument-based platforms are unavailable. It should complement, not replace, confirmatory testing; improvements in sensitivity and PPV remain warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of uptake of praziquantel, chemotherapy for schistosomiasis treatment during mass drug administration in Busia County, Kenya.","authors":"Paul Maina Ndung'u, Titus Watitu, Wyckliff Omondi, Doris Njomo","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14051-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14051-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis is a life-threatening parasitic disease that affects nearly 250 million people worldwide, and over 780 million people are at risk of infection globally. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the highest burden, accounting for approximately 280,000 deaths annually. In Kenya, over 17.6 million people are at risk, and approximately 10 million are infected. Busia County, an endemic region, has a prevalence of 17.6%. In past MDAs, the County recorded a praziquantel coverage level of 64.11%, below the WHO-recommended threshold of over 75%. This study aimed to identify the determinants of PZQ uptake during MDA for schistosomiasis treatment in Busia County, Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged ≥ 10 years who met the inclusion criteria. Multistage sampling was used to sample the study site. The study had a sample size of 660 participants. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires that captured sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, drug perceptions, and self-reported PZQ uptake. STATA software version 17.0 was used to analyze the data. Ethical clearance was obtained from the KU Scientific and Ethical Review Unit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 613 study participants, corresponding to a response rate of 92.9%. Of the 613 study participants, the majority (53.7%, n = 325) were females. The coverage of PZQ uptake was 62%. Overall, 55.5% demonstrated a high level of knowledge of schistosomiasis. Community sensitization before the MDA was statistically significant predictor of PZQ uptake. Participants who had received sensitization were 41 times more likely to take the medicine compared with those who had not (AOR = 41.65; 95% CI: 12.34-138.3; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that PZQ uptake was below the WHO-recommended level. Effective community sensitization prior to MDA is a critical determinant of improving PZQ coverage and schistosomiasis MDA. Community sensitization should be enhanced to address individual drug-related perceptions in the target community, which leads to better MDA outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a scoping review.","authors":"Siling Chen, Lan Luo, Fanghua Gong","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14056-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14056-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is associated with low treatment success rates and increased mortality. Household contacts (HHCs) face an elevated risk of infection and disease progression due to prolonged exposure. Consequently, systematic screening and tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) are critical to interrupt transmission within households. However, screening practices and TPT regimens vary substantially across countries and settings worldwide, and the available evidence remains fragmented. This study aims to synthesize evidence on screening strategies and TPT regimens for HHCs of patients with DR-TB, identify implementation barriers and research gaps, and inform future contact management approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We systematically searched nine databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Each database was searched from inception to November 13, 2025. Eligible studies included observational studies (including cohort and cross-sectional studies), implementation studies, and randomized controlled trials reporting on screening approaches or TPT strategies among HHCs of patients with DR-TB. Data extraction was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological framework for scoping reviews, and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, including study characteristics, screening strategies, diagnostic methods, TPT regimens, safety and adherence outcomes, and implementation-related factors. The findings were summarized descriptively and presented as a structured narrative synthesis organized by thematic domains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 26 studies were included. Most studies (20/26) employed a sequential cascade screening strategy combining symptom assessment, imaging evaluation (when clinically indicated), and molecular or microbiological confirmation, often supplemented by tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) detection. Most studies were conducted in high TB burden low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Pakistan, South Africa, and China, with several multicenter studies spanning countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Pediatric studies frequently incorporated gastric aspiration as an adjunct diagnostic method. TPT was implemented in 14 studies, with initiation rates ranging from 2% to 98.8%. Levofloxacin-based regimens were the predominant preventive treatment strategy. Compared with combination regimens, levofloxacin monotherapy generally achieved higher treatment completion rates (68.4%-100% vs. 56%-70.3%). Children experienced fewer adverse events than adults (10% vs. 37%). Frequently reported implementation barriers included resource limitations, transportation difficulties, sti","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13450480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}