BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of relaxed mask policies on COVID-19 epidemics: a modeling study in South Korea.","authors":"Jungmi Park, Jaeyoung Ha, Soyeon Chu, Asaph Young Chun, Kyung-Duk Min","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13395-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13395-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including mask mandates. Although many studies have examined COVID-19 policies, there is a lack of research on the impact of mask mandate relaxation in South Korea. Retrospective analyses of this topic are essential to inform optimized policy responses in future pandemics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a discrete-time, age-structured Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Vaccinated-Recovered (SEIVR) compartmental model to simulate COVID-19 transmission in South Korea and conducted counterfactual analyses to assess the impact of five major mask policy adjustment points (PAPs). The model estimated changes in confirmed cases, severe cases, and deaths under counterfactual scenarios in which mask mandates were relaxed 2 weeks earlier or later than they were in reality. Analyses were stratified by age group to evaluate differential effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Changes in Rt (effective reproduction number) following mask policy relaxations were modest across all five PAPs. While some policy shifts were followed by slight increases or decreases in Rt, none led to uncontrolled epidemic growth. Counterfactual simulations showed that advancing mask relaxation by 2 weeks could have led to significantly more confirmed cases, with increases of up to 29.5% in the 0-17 years group and 25.2% in the ≥ 60 years group, compared to the observed timeline. Conversely, delaying relaxation reduced case numbers across all age groups. The timing of relaxation, especially when Rt was low, appeared to play a more critical role than population immunity in determining transmission outcomes. A positive association was observed between higher Rt at the time of relaxation and increased case counts, whereas immunity levels did not show a consistent correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The timing of mask mandate relaxation substantially influenced short-term COVID-19 transmission dynamics. Real-time indicators such as Rt were more predictive of outcomes than estimated immunity levels, suggesting their utility for informing policy adjustments. Counterfactual evidence indicates that premature relaxation increased cases across all age groups, with age differences more evident at certain adjustment points. The public health implications remain greater for vulnerable populations because even similar percentage increases translate into higher absolute risks. Policymakers should incorporate transmission dynamics, age-specific vulnerability profiles, and timing considerations into future pandemic response strategies.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic and genomic characterization of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infections: a comparative cohort study.","authors":"Yu Chen, Rong Bao, Wengting Jin, Xiaoyu Yin, Le Qin, Jue Pan, Yumeng Yao, Jiajing Shen, Tingting Fang, Yuyan Ma, Chunmei Zhou, Qing Miao, Bijie Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13117-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13117-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index and carotid intima-media thickness in people living with HIV receiving integrase inhibitor-based tenofovir regimens.","authors":"Aslı Vatan, Oğuz Karabay, Hande Moralı, Yasin Kara, Ertuğrul Güçlü, Aziz Öğütlü, Mehmet Bülent Vatan","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13377-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13377-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is widely used in antiretroviral therapy due to its improved renal and bone safety compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). However, concerns remain regarding its potential metabolic effects and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to compare lipid parameters and surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness, namely carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving TAF- or TDF-based regimens and ART-naive individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a total of 178 PLWH were included and classified into three groups: TAF-based therapy (n = 79), TDF-based therapy (n = 49), and ART-naive individuals (n = 53). Lipid profiles, CIMT, and CAVI were assessed contemporaneously during antiretroviral treatment and compared across groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with increased arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, CIMT, and CAVI were significantly higher in the TAF group compared with both the TDF and ART-naive groups (all p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the TDF and ART-naive groups. Subclinical atherosclerosis (CIMT ≥ 1 mm) and increased arterial stiffness (CAVI ≥ 8) were most frequently observed among individuals receiving TAF. In multivariate analysis, TAF use (p = 0.01) and age (p < 0.001) were independently associated with CAVI ≥ 8.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although TAF provides important renal and bone safety advantages, TAF-based regimens were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters and higher subclinical vascular markers in this cross-sectional cohort. These findings should be interpreted cautiously and do not establish a causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma multi-omics profiling unravels molecular alterations and biomarker panels during recovery from severe coronavirus disease 2019: a pilot study.","authors":"Qian Wang, Delong Wang, Xujuan Hu, Gangyu Long, Yun Tang, Lehao Ren, Xiangzhi Fang, You Shang, Dingyu Zhang, Yang Han, Rui Gong","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13361-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13361-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential multidimensional molecular alterations during recovery of severe patients with coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) remain to be elucidated. Early assessment of the prognosis of severe COVID-19 may facilitate appropriate medical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this small-cohort exploratory study, plasma proteomic and widely targeted metabolomic profiling were conducted on 24 severe COVID-19 patients: 12 patients who underwent severe-to-mild transformation with plasma samples available at three consecutive time points (T1: severe stage, T2: moderate stage, T3: mild stage) for longitudinal analysis, and 12 patients who remained persistently severe or progressed to death with only T1 samples. Temporal analyses were performed to identify altered molecules with consistent trends during remission in severe COVID-19. Subsequently, we compared the differential traits at T1 between severe COVID-19 with two opposite outcomes: those with amelioration from severe to mild illness and those with persistent-severe illness. We also applied a machine learning model to explore biomarker panels predictive of severe COVID-19 prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the remission phase of severe COVID-19, a distinct dynamic balance in the regulation of inflammation-associated molecules was observed. Notably, acute phase proteins, including SAA1, SAA2, and CRP, were all remarkably downregulated. Pathway analysis emphasized the essential role of lipid metabolism in the dynamic improvement of severe COVID-19. Furthermore, molecules implicated in lipid metabolism demonstrated significant consistency of alteration as the condition ameliorated, such as the consistent upregulation of APOC1 and various phospholipids, contrasted with the sustained downregulation of certain acylcarnitines. Through LASSO logistic regression, a biomarker panel comprising the proteins RPLP0, CKB and the metabolite Leu-Asp was identified as a promising predictive model. It significantly differentiated the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients, with superior predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.922 in the training set; AUC: 0.875 in the validation set).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the small cohort, multi-omics investigation provides novel exploratory insights into the intricate and dynamic regulation of the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism during the recovery phase of severe COVID-19. Furthermore, we have established a highly valuable biomarker panel that facilitates the early identification of severe COVID-19 prognoses.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen profile and inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic foot infections: correlation with disease severity.","authors":"Zulipiya Nuermaimaiti, Gulanbaier Abudurexiti, Maijimi Simayi, Aierxiati Yibolayin","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13386-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13386-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology, prevalence, and mortality of sepsis among children under five years in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cheickna Hamallah Dicko, Deprince Nakensy N'Dri, Malak Snoussi, Néhémie Nzoyikorera, Abdou Azaque Zouré, Dinanibè Kambiré, Insaf Elammari, Amal Bouziyane, Mohamed Kettani Halabi, Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba, Kaotar Nayme, Berthe Amélie Iroungou, Mohamed Khalis, Assiya El Kettani, Mariam Sylla, Luria Leslie Founou, Abdelhamid Naitlho, Ouissal Aissaoui, Jalila El Bakkouri, Ali Jafri, Fatoumata Kontao, Alexander-Enoch-Nii-Martey Dickson, Naima Elmdaghri, Abdelfattah Chakib, Aziz Bousfiha, Mohammed Bouskraoui, Mohamed Adnaoui, Nouzha Dini, Ibrehima Guindo, Idrissa Diawara","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13350-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13350-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in Jinan, China: incidence, recurrence, and direct medical costs, 2018-2023, a population-based retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Zemei Zhou, Xiaoqi Wang, Shuai Meng, Lin Tang, Siyu Liu, Qianqian Liu, Xiaoxue Liu, Zundong Yin, Chong Liu, Fuzhen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13245-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13245-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of early use of norepinephrine combined with esmolol on hemodynamic stability and 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock.","authors":"Huifang Cai, Lingmin Yuan, Qin Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13385-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13385-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, with persistent high mortality despite standard care including norepinephrine. This study aimed to investigate whether early combination therapy with norepinephrine and esmolol improves hemodynamics and 28-day survival in septic shock patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with septic shock between June 2020 and June 2023. Patients were divided into a norepinephrine only (NEO) group and a norepinephrine plus esmolol (NEC) group. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored at baseline, 24 h, and 48 h. Oxygenation/tissue perfusion markers and disease severity scores were assessed at baseline and 48 h. Clinical outcomes included 28-day mortality, ICU, and hospital length of stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 252 patients were analyzed (NEO = 124, NEC = 128). Compared to the NEO group, the NEC group showed significantly lower heart rate (93.42 vs. 96.15 at 48 h, p = 0.002) and systemic vascular resistance index (163.31 vs. 180.95 at 48 h, p < 0.001), and higher cardiac index (3.66 vs. 3.34 at 48 h, p < 0.001). The NEC group also had higher post-treatment ScvO₂ (79.08% vs. 75.82%, p = 0.001) and lower lactate (1.68 vs. 1.93, p < 0.001). SOFA and APACHE II scores improved more in the NEC group (p < 0.001). The 28-day mortality was significantly lower in the NEC group (7.81% vs. 23.39%, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early combined use of norepinephrine and esmolol was associated with improved hemodynamic stability, enhanced tissue perfusion, accelerated organ function recovery, and reduced 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of serum ferritin on the efficacy of hydrocortisone in septic patients: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Yuqiao Li, Huafeng Ding, Xiangquan Li","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13418-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13418-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne infection control measures at HIV settings in India and potential areas for TB cross transmission.","authors":"Suchit Kamble, Gajanan Velhal, Preeti Bhandari, Vijay Nema, Suvarna Badekar, Samridhi Nigam, Vasuki Raypati, Amrita Rao, Chinmoyee Das, Vinita Verma, Rajiv Ranjan Tiwari, Nupur Mahajan","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13349-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13349-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}