BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Tracheobronchial infectious diseases in adult-onset immunodeficiency with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies.","authors":"Xiaona Liang, Nan Ma, Siqiao Liang, Xuemei Huang, Hanlin Liang, Siyao Wu, Yan Ning, Haiyan Pang, Ziyi Zhang, Ni Chen, Limei Hong, Zhiyi He","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11523-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11523-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anti-interferon (IFN)-γ autoantibodies predispose subjects to infections caused by opportunistic intracellular pathogens and lead to the involvement of multiple well-recognized organs, such as the lungs, skin, and lymph nodes. However, the clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial involvement remain unrecognized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted between February 2016 and September 2024, enrolling patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies who had documented evidence of tracheobronchial involvement. The clinical data were analyzed, including demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, chest computed tomography images, bronchoscopy findings, treatments, and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 51.73 years old. The top five reported symptoms were cough, expectoration, fever, dyspnea, and fatigue. Laboratory tests showed elevated white blood cells, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, globulin, and immunoglobulin G. The detected pathogens included commonly reported opportunistic pathogens, such as Talaromyces marneffei (57.58%) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (42.42%), as well as the conventional pathogens typically found in patients without immunodeficiency diseases. Masses, nodules, and tracheobronchial stenosis were commonly seen on chest computed tomography scans and during bronchoscopy, directly indicating airway involvement. The predominant pathological results of the tracheobronchial lesions were chronic inflammation, with a small subset showing granuloma formation and abscess formation. Twenty-six patients (78.79%) achieved clinical improvement. Adverse events related to the therapeutic drug were reported in 30.3% of patients, with no life-threatening events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tracheobronchial lesions are characterized by masses, nodules, and tracheobronchial stenosis visualized during bronchoscopy, as well as inflammatory changes confirmed by pathologic examinations. Clinicians should be vigilant for tracheobronchial infections, particularly those caused by Talaromyces marneffei and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Pathogen-targeted therapy shows therapeutic benefits but requires close monitoring for drug-related toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/CS/REL): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.","authors":"Wenjuan Lei, Yan Duan, Mingyan Xin, Min Tian, Jia Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11499-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11499-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relebactam is a new inhibitor of class A and class C β-lactamases. The FDA has approved combining IMI/CS/REL to treat some infectious diseases. This study systematically reviews the efficacy and safety of IMI/CS/REL based on existing clinical trials so as to provide a reference for follow-up research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomised controlled trials published up to Mar 28, 2025, with \"Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam\" or \"IMI/CS/REL\" as keywords, and screened the results according to the proposed exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed on the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while the day 28/30 all-cause mortality, clinical response rate, microbiological response rate, the adverse event response rate and drug-related adverse reaction rate were evaluated using R (4.4.3). The evaluation results were expressed in terms of relative risk with 95% confidence limit (RR, 95%CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six RCTs (1606 subjects) were involved in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed no significant differences between IMI/CS/REL and comparators in day 28/30 all-cause mortality (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.39-1.72, P = 0.10), in clinical response rate during the early follow-up period (EFU) (RR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.96-1.08, P = 0.67) and in microbiological response at EFU (RR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.95-1.09, P = 0.76). The adverse events (AEs) rate also showed no statistical difference in each study's arms (RR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.95-1.08, P = 0.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IMI/CS/REL demonstrates a non-inferior efficacy and safety profile compared to standard comparators in treating carbapenem-susceptible or carbapenem-resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, more robust clinical evidence-especially in resistant, polymicrobial, and pathogen-defined infections-is needed to fully establish its role in real-world practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in HIV testing among people with presumptive TB in Mozambique: a 3-year retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Guita Amane, Paula Simbine, Pereira Zindoga, Algy Abdula, Miguelhete Lisboa","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11545-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11545-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential zoonotic rickettsiales bacteria associated with small mammals and their ectoparasites in africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Venance Theophil Msoffe, Charles M Lyimo, Moses I Olotu, Abdul S Katakweba, Rhodes H Makundi, Apia W Massawe, Gerald Misinzo, Ladslaus L Mnyone","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11434-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11434-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proximity of humans to small mammals and their ectoparasites at wildlife-human interfaces in Africa creates favorable conditions for the spillover of zoonotic pathogens. Anaplasmaceae and Rickettsiaceae bacteria are emerging threats due to their genomic adaptability and resilience to environmental changes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the distribution and prevalence of these pathogens in African small mammals and their ectoparasites. A comprehensive search across five electronic databases yielded 37 studies meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most frequently reported pathogens were Rickettsia felis (11 studies), Rickettsia massiliae (8 studies), and Rickettsia typhi (7 studies). A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted separately for small mammals and ectoparasites. In small mammals, the highest prevalence was observed for Anaplasma spp. (15.17%; 95% CI 8-26.9%), Rickettsia helvetica (14.65%; 95% CI 9.09-22.75%), R. felis (12%; 95% CI 6.13-22.18%), R. massiliae (10.75%; 95% CI 0.6-70.55%), and Ehrlichia spp. (10.35%; 95% CI 4.13-23.66%). Among ectoparasites, the highest prevalence was found in ticks for R. africae (41.53%; 95% CI 13.53-76.33%) and R. massiliae (30.55%; 95% CI 8.96-66.29%). In fleas, R. felis (21.68%; 95% CI 8.67-44.68%) was most prevalent. This analysis underscores the importance of molecular detection tools, such as the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and sequencing for detection and identification of Rickettsiales, and highlights the dominance of R. africae, R. felis, and R. massiliae in ectoparasites, particularly in Eastern and Northern Africa. The study also underscores the impact of sample size and geographical regional differences in prevalence estimates. This review was registered in the international database of Prospectively Registered Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with ID: CRD42024552324.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptococcus neoformans tibial osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent host: a case diagnosed by tNGS.","authors":"Weijuan Qin, Yuni Guo, Zhengyi Liang, Huanhuan Wei, Hongbo Huang, Liyan Zhou, Shaolin Tan, Xiaoning Wu, Li Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11451-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11451-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptococcus neoformansis widely distributed in nature and primarily causes infections in various parts of the body through inhalation into the lungs. While C.neoformans infection predominantly occurs in immunocompromised individuals, there has been a significant increase in reports among immunocompetent hosts in recent years. Although the lungs and central nervous system constitute the most common sites of infection, cryptococcal osteomyelitis remains exceptionally rare and is typically associated with disseminated disease in immunodeficient patients. Herein, we present a rare case of isolated tibial cryptococcal osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of a 64-year-old female who presented with pain, swelling, and increased local skin temperature in the left lower limb for one month without any obvious cause. The patient was initially diagnosed with osteomyelitis at a local county hospital and underwent surgical treatment. Due to poor postoperative healing, she was referred to our hospital for surgical debridement. Preoperative wound specimen culture revealed Luteimonas deserti. Simultaneously, intraoperative tissue samples were taken from the patient for targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) testing, which revealed the presence of C. neoformans. While the culture was negative, the C. neoformans capsular antigen test was positive. The patient had normal immune function and no underlying diseases. Ultimately, the patient was treated with fluconazole and surgery, resulting in a good prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>we report a case of tibial osteomyelitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in an immunocompetent patient, with diagnosis confirmed through targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and serum Cryptococcal capsular antigen testingOur results demonstrate the great potential of tNGS in the detection of infectious pathogens. In patients with negative culture results, tNGS can quickly detect various pathogens, providing accurate diagnosis and facilitating appropriate treatment for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous versus intermittent infusion of β-lactams in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"David A Tejada, Hazel C García, Eduardo Tomás-Alvarado, Judith Yangali-Vicente, Oriana Rivera-Lozada, Joshuan J Barboza","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11504-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11504-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether continuous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics improves clinical outcomes compared to intermittent infusion in adult patients with sepsis or septic shock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing continuous versus intermittent β-lactam infusion. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies involving 9,166 patients were analyzed, comparing continuous versus intermittent infusion of β-lactams in sepsis or septic shock. There was no significant difference in overall mortality (RR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88-1.01) or ICU mortality (RR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88-1.01). Continuous infusion was associated with lower hospital mortality (RR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99), higher survival at the end of the study (RR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.07), and higher clinical cure rate (RR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.12-1.80). No significant differences were observed in the length of stay in the ICU (MD 0.75 days; 95% CI: -1.17 to 2.68) or hospital stay (MD -2.51 days; 95% CI: -10.13 to 5.12), or in the adverse events (RR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.60-1.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continuous infusion of β-lactams could reduce hospital mortality and increase the clinical cure rate in critically ill patients, although its effect on overall mortality, hospital stay, and adverse events remains uncertain. PROSPERO number: CRD42024613938.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a risk prediction model for hydrocephalus complicated by neonatal bacterial meningitis.","authors":"Yue Tianrui, Bao Lingyun, Gao Jin","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11517-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11517-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hydrocephalus is a severe complication of neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM), threatening the health and quality of life of neonates, affecting the outcome of nervous system development, and leading to neurological sequelae, such as movement disorders, hearing impairment, mental retardation, and epilepsy. Improvement in prognosis is closely related to early identification and active treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To find the independent risk factors of NBM complicated with hydrocephalus, to construct the related risk prediction model and validate it, in order to provide help for clinicians to identify the children with high risk of hydrocephalus at an early stage, to guide clinical decision-making and improve prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;528 children with NBM hospitalized in Kunming Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected. After excluding 46 patients with incomplete medical records And 1 death case, 481 patients remained. They were randomly divided into a training set (n = 337) and a validation set (n = 144) (the division ratio was 7:3) by using the split function in R language. The basic information, cerebrospinal fluid routine biochemistry, blood routine, blood culture, imaging findings, and other indicators of the children were collected. Determination of whether hydrocephalus was complicated based on the child's brain magnetic resonance imaging or CT. LASSO regression was used to screen independent risk factors for NBM complicated by hydrocephalus, And independent risk factors were Analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression. The risk prediction model for NBM complicated by hydrocephalus was constructed by using the analysis results, and a nomogram was created. The model was internally validated based on the cases in the training and internal validation sets. A total of 132 children with NBM who were hospitalized at Peking University First Hospital from January 2006 to December 2021 were included in the study. After excluding 2 cases with incomplete medical records, the remaining 130 cases were used as external validation cases to externally validate the model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty predictive variables were screened out by LASSO regression analysis, including NBM type, BW, age of onset, pregnancy complications, gestational age, birth asphyxia, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, maximum body temperature, vomiting, convulsions, anterior fontanel, blood culture, PLT, peak value of WBC, peak value of N, peak value of PLT, CSF multinucleated percentage peak, lowest value of CSF glucose, and intracranial hemorrhage. The results of multifactorial Logistic regression analysis after oversampling showed that the significant risk factors were intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 6.922, P &lt; 0.001), anterior fontanel (OR = 8.002, P &lt; 0.001), lowest value of CSF glucose (OR = 0.416, P &lt; 0.001), gestational week (OR = 0.870, P = 0.0088), maternal pregnan","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of bacterial STI, anal HPV, cytological abnormalities and anal lesions among MSM in Togo, 2021: a baseline analysis of the ANRS I MIE 12,400/DepIST-H cohort.","authors":"Valentine M Ferré, Arnold J Sadio, Fifonsi A Gbeasor-Komlanvi, Margot Bucau, Mounerou Salou, Béatrice Berçot, Cécile Bébéar, Laurent Abramowitz, Meryem Zaidi, Amivi P Amenyah-Ehlan, Ephrem Mensah, Aymeric Braille, Anne Couvelard, Anoumou C Dagnra, Jade Ghosn, Diane Descamps, Charlotte Charpentier, Didier K Ekouevi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11338-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11338-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a prominent health issue in Africa, especially in key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Here, we present the baseline results of a 2-year longitudinal cohort in Togo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 MSM in Lomé, Togo, were included in the ANRS I MIE 12400/DepIST-H cohort, half living with HIV. High-risk HPV (hrHPV) detection was performed on anal smears. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) were tested from urine, pharyngeal and anal swabs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, median age was 23 years, hrHPV prevalence was 75.9%, and was significantly higher in HIV-positive MSM (p = 0.008). The most common hrHPV types were HPV16 and HPV35 (18.7% each). Overall, 55.4% of participants had abnormal anal cytology, the most frequent lesions being low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, (22.3% of HIV-positive and 15.2% of HIV-negative MSM). The overall prevalence of GC and CT infections was 32.5% and 32.0%, respectively. Clinical anal lesions, mostly condyloma, were detected in 46.0% of participants (n = 86).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings emphasize the high prevalence of STIs among MSM and confirm the unusual distribution of HPV types in West Africa, with HPV35 being highly prevalent. A national strategy regarding STI screening and HPV vaccination in this key population is needed.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT04910438 submitted on 2020-01-22.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the changing trends of platelet distribution width and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a multicenter study based on machine learning.","authors":"Yinjing Xie, Xinxing Lei, Hao Deng, Jing Zhang, Shaorong Qiu, Dehua Zhuang, Hao Wu, Tianjing Wei, Shijie Su, Xiaoning Zhang, Bin Wang, Lian Yu, Yuzhong Xu, Dayong Gu, Xiaopeng Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11525-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11525-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis remains the leading cause of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients. Platelet distribution width (PDW), an indicator of platelet activation and variability, is associated with inflammation and coagulation dysfunction during sepsis. However, dynamic changes in PDW and their association with patient outcomes remain unexplored. This study investigated the relationship between changing PDW trends and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis using machine learning techniques for robust analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the model development cohort, inpatient admissions fulfilling the sepsis 3.0 criteria in the Intensive Care Unit of Shenzhen People's Hospital were analyzed. PDW measurements were obtained at six-time points: First Day (D1), Second Day (D2), Third Day (D3), and the last three days before discharge (LD-3, LD-2, and LD-1). PDW was compared between survivors and non-survivors. Group-based trajectory modeling identified distinct PDW trajectory groups, and patient characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. The model was externally validated at a second hospital using identical inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,090 and 429 patients with sepsis were included in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Four distinct PDW trajectory groups emerged in the development cohort: \"PDW Rapidly Increasing Group\" (n = 174; 15.96%), \"Low PDW Stable Group\" (n = 416; 38.17%), \"Moderate PDW Stable Group\" (n = 421; 38.62%), and \"High PDW Group\" (n = 79; 7.25%). Subjects in the \"PDW Rapidly Increasing Group\" were the oldest, exhibiting the highest levels of inflammatory markers, including Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, and the highest hospital mortality rate of 55.2%. Conversely, the \"Low PDW Stable Group\" included the youngest patients, with the lowest inflammatory marker levels and a 16.6% mortality rate. Comparable trajectory groups, patient characteristics, and outcomes were observed in the validation cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on PDW trajectories, we identified and validated four distinct sepsis subphenotypes, each characterized by significant variations in inflammatory marker levels and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of water quality with cholera in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Thuy Tien Nguyen, Chaelin Kim, Gerard Goucher, Jong-Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11533-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11533-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera is a significant health risk for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and the threat of outbreaks is likely to increase due to climate change. To keep up to date with the link between water quality and cholera, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to update a previous review while only focusing on water-related exposures. We searched Embase, Web of Science and PubMed for literature published between 2016 and 2022. Search terms were consistent with the previous review. Study quality was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposures (ROBINS-E). Water-related exposures were categorized according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) and further divided by the service ladder. Odds ratios were extracted and pooled by performing random-effects meta-analysis. We identified 22 new eligible studies and analysed them in addition to the 45 studies included in the previous review. Analyses revealed higher odds of cholera when consuming sachet water (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.52), unimproved water (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.21 to 7.02), surface water (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 2.52 to 4.58), and untreated water (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 2.03 to 3.10). Meanwhile, treating water (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.65) by boiling (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.84) or chlorination (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.83), and drinking basic water (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.69) showed protection. Water-related exposures were prioritized to synthesize the evidence on cholera transmission through drinking water, with sanitation and hygiene as additional risk factors. While the JMP service ladder provided a useful classification framework, context-specific differences in infrastructure and interpretation should be considered when evaluating these findings. Pooled estimates changed with updated evidence while qualitative insights on the protective or risk factors remain valid. Relatively low-cost methods like boiling or chlorinating water provide good protection comparable to providing basic water to the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}