BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial profiles, antibiotic resistance, and recurrence of UTIs during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study from Palestine.","authors":"Lara Z Khatatba, Dala N Daraghmeh","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13978-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13978-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infection during pregnancy, and a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. In Palestine, limited data exist on the burden, microbial etiology, and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to determine the incidence, microbial profiles, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and recurrence of UTIs among pregnant women attending primary healthcare clinics in Nablus, Palestine.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted between December 2024 and May 2025 across 12 primary healthcare clinics in Nablus, Palestine. Pregnant women aged 18 and older were enrolled. Screening for UTIs was conducted under a combination of study-directed testing and routine clinical practice, where urine culture was more frequently performed in symptomatic women or when clinically indicated. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and laboratory analyses, including urine cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical data were collected, with a 90-day follow-up to assess recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 485 women, 279 underwent urine culture, of whom 115 (41.2%) had confirmed UTIs. Escherichia coli (38.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22.6%) were the most commonly isolated pathogens. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as a non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, was observed in 55.7% of isolates with particularly high resistance to ampicillin, cefixime, and fosfomycin. Pregnancy-appropriate options such as nitrofurantoin (81.6%) and fosfomycin (64.7%) retained moderate activity. Symptom severity correlated with MDR status, with women reporting frequent urination, abdominal pain, or higher symptom scores more likely to harbor resistant pathogens (p < 0.001). At 90-day follow-up, 18 women (15%) developed recurrent UTIs, frequently associated with MDR organisms. Most diagnosed women were primarily treated with empirical antibiotics according to routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pregnant women in Palestine face a high burden of UTIs, dominated by E. coli and S. aureus, with alarming levels of multidrug resistance. Strengthening culture-based diagnosis, local resistance surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship in antenatal care is crucial to improving maternal outcomes and mitigating the spread of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the global evidence base of bundibugyo ebolavirus disease: a systematic scoping review of research gaps and preparedness priorities.","authors":"Abigail Boatemaa, Baffour Osei, Gabriel Osei Forkuo","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13977-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13977-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV) is a rare filovirus species with an estimated case fatality rate (CFR) ranging from 25% to 51%. The 2026 BDBV outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), highlighting the critical necessity of assessing global research preparedness for this pathogen.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically map the global scientific evidence base on BDBV, characterize temporal and thematic publication trends, identify critical knowledge gaps, and formulate actionable priorities for public health response and clinical research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we programmatically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, OpenAlex, and Semantic Scholar for literature published from 2007 through May 2026. From 4,379 screened records, 100 high-relevance studies were selected using a weighted composite relevance scoring system. To structure the evidence, we synthesized a novel conceptual model mapping BDBV research across three core pillars-epidemiological drivers, health system responses, and public health outcomes-connected by a policy feedback loop and conditioned by cross-cutting systemic moderators (conflict, weak infrastructure, global governance, and research gaps). Methodological quality was evaluated using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 23% of the included studies specifically addressed BDBV, with the remainder focusing on broader ebolavirus topics dominated by Ebola virus (EBOV). Applying the conceptual model revealed pronounced asymmetries across the research domains: the literature remains heavily concentrated within upstream epidemiological drivers and clinical features. Conversely, critical health system response domains lack validated tools; no licensed vaccine, specific therapeutic agent, or point-of-care rapid diagnostic test validated for BDBV currently exists. While cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies show preclinical efficacy, clinical-grade validation remains absent, and longitudinal survivor outcomes are sparsely documented. Systemic moderators, particularly weak health infrastructure and conflict, continue to compound these gaps. Methodological risk of bias was moderate, driven by missing outcome data (42% of studies) and selective reporting (41%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BDBV remains understudied relative to its epidemic potential. Sustained, internationally coordinated investments modeled on prior EBOV frameworks are required to transition from reactive to proactive research models.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virological impact of the programmatic dolutegravir transition at Mildmay Hospital Uganda: a before-and-after cohort study with subgroup and trajectory analysis, 2016-2023.","authors":"Roy Alia Asiku, Conrad Sserunjogi, Collins Ankunda, Susan Kiwanuka Nakubulwa, Joseph Mwaka, Uthman Muluga Wandera, Drake Musoki, Patience Kukundakwe, Ronald Mulebeke","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13976-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13976-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Uganda began transitioning to Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2018. However, patient-level longitudinal evidence quantifying the virological impact of this transition from Ugandan facilities is limited. We evaluated whether the programmatic transition to DTG improved viral load (VL) suppression at Mildmay Hospital Uganda and assessed whether benefits were uniform across age groups and sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 114,406 VL measurements from 18,756 patients collected between 2016 and 2023. We defined VL suppression as ≤ 200 copies/mL in accordance with Uganda national ART guidelines. Regimen timelines reconstructed from 25,095 regimen-change events enabled time-varying classification of each VL test by the most recently recorded regimen before VL testing. The primary analysis compared VL suppression in a pre-switch window (3 to 18 months before the switch) with a 12-month post-switch window (9 to 15 months after) in 1,928 eligible paired patients using McNemar's test. Secondary analyses included an interrupted time series (ITS) of monthly suppression rates, subgroup heterogeneity testing, and virological trajectory classification by regimen group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall VL suppression was 91.6%, rising from 89.2% in 2016 to 94.5% in 2023. 2.7% of tests recorded low-level viraemia (201-999 copies/mL) and 5.7% were unsuppressed. Among eligible switchers, suppression improved from 87.2% before the switch to 94.0% at 12 months after the switch (absolute difference + 6.8% points; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.2-8.5; McNemar χ² = 63.09; p &lt; 0.001), sustained at 94.7% at 24 months (p &lt; 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for DTG exposure was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.63-1.97) and increased to 2.44 (95% CI: 2.13-2.80) by 12-24 months post-switch. All age groups and both sexes showed statistically significant improvements after the switch. Paediatric patients had the largest absolute gain of 12.2% points compared with 4.9% points for adults though post-switch suppression (89.8%) remained below 95%. DTG-direct initiators had the highest consistently suppressed trajectory rate at 82.0%, compared with 64.5% among documented non-DTG-only patients. Among 3,002 switchers with sufficient longitudinal data, 12.9% transitioned from non-suppressed to consistently suppressed trajectories after the switch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The programmatic non-DTG-to-DTG transition was associated with a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in VL suppression sustained through 24 months. Despite these gains, the cohort did not reach the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95% VL suppression target under Uganda's stricter ≤ 200 copies/mL definition. Moreover, paediatric and adolescent patients remain priority groups for targeted adherence support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical trial number: &lt;/strong&gt;Not appli","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal brain infection in early life: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri in neonates and infants.","authors":"Javad Mahdavi, Setareh Pirayeshfar, Aref Shariati, Reza Ghasemikhah","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13925-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-13925-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by Naegleria fowleri, is a rare but often fatal central nervous system infection that mimics bacterial meningitis. This similarity can lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment, especially in neonates and infants, resulting in poor outcomes. This study evaluates the clinical and paraclinical features, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and outcomes of PAM in this vulnerable population, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review followed the PRISMA statement. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify studies without language restrictions describing PAM in neonates and infants published up to December 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies reporting 13 patients (2 neonates and 11 infants, aged 11 days to 12 months) were included. Fever was found in all patients. Other prevalent manifestations were seizure, decreased level of consciousness, and vomiting. Exposure histories were heterogeneous and often involved contaminated well water and other freshwater sources. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis consistently demonstrated neutrophilic pleocytosis, elevated protein levels, and reduced glucose concentrations. Neuroimaging findings varied, with survivors commonly exhibiting limited abnormalities such as hydrocephalus or focal lesions. Microbiologic confirmation was primarily done by CSF microscopy, followed by CSF culture and CSF polymerase chain reaction. Amphotericin B-based combination therapy was the most frequently employed treatment; however, outcomes remained variable, with a high overall mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PAM in neonates and infants presents substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to nonspecific clinical manifestations, often unclear or atypical exposure histories, and rapid disease progression. The clinical presentation frequently resembles acute bacterial meningitis, which may lead to empiric antibacterial therapy and delays in initiating appropriate anti-amoebic treatment. Early clinical suspicion, timely use of microbiological diagnostic methods, and prompt initiation of targeted therapy may be associated with improved survival. Preventive measures, emphasizing the use of safe household water, are important, especially preventing neonates and infants from being exposed to untreated environmental water sources such as well water. Considering the high mortality rate, enhancing early diagnostic methods and optimizing therapeutic interventions remain essential to improving outcomes in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13465881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human exposure to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is associated with livestock management and handling practices in southcentral Tanzania, 2023-2024.","authors":"Cheryl Meehan, Grace Mwangoka, Mwokozi Mwanzalilla, Woutrina A Smith, Maxmillian Mpina, Macdonald Farnham, Robinson Mdegela, Robert Sumaye, Silas Temu, Ali Mohamed Ali, Hajirani Msuya, Jumaa Athumani Jumaa, Huruma Sayale, Jane Orotta, George Makingi, Sijali Zinkankuba, Ahmed Amasha, Amina Abdallah Kinyogori, Yumba Yekonia, Erin Howell, Phoebe Lawton, Tracy Drazenovich, Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard, Sonja Montanus, Brian H Bird","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13919-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13919-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen widely distributed across Africa, Asia, and Europe. Human infection occurs through tick bites or contact with infected animal tissues. In Tanzania, evidence of human exposure exists, but data on population-level seroprevalence and associated behavioral risk factors remain limited. This study assessed human CCHFV seroprevalence and identified demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors associated with prior exposure in livestock-keeping communities in southcentral Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of southcentral Tanzania during 2023-2024. A total of 850 adults completed structured questionnaires on demographic and behavioral factors and provided blood samples. Serum samples were tested for CCHFV IgG antibodies using a commercial ELISA. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall CCHFV seroprevalence was 3.41% (29/850). Seroprevalence increased with age and was highest among participants aged ≥ 51 years (6.28%, p = 0.044). In multivariable analysis, three factors were significantly associated with seropositivity: households with three or more children under five years of age (adjusted OR = 3.45, 95% CI 1.13-10.53, p = 0.030); butchering and consuming animals that died of illness (adjusted OR = 5.48, 95% CI 1.96-15.36, p = 0.001); and grazing animals on private land without other livestock, which was protective (adjusted OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.12-0.90, p = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Human CCHFV exposure in southcentral Tanzania is associated with household composition, animal-handling practices, and grazing behaviors. These findings highlight modifiable behavioral risk factors that may inform targeted public health interventions. As this study focuses on human serologic evidence of prior exposure, further integrated human-animal investigations are needed to better understand transmission dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients in Bagmati Province, Nepal: a matched case-control study.","authors":"Puspa Acharya, Niraj Bhattarai, Bhuban Raj Kunwar, Rajan Bhusal, Shreesti Sharma, Khem Raj Sharma, Vijay Kumar Khanal, Birendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13975-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13975-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant threat to global TB control efforts, potentially reversing progress made in reducing TB-related morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify risk factors for multidrug-resistant TB [MDR-TB] in Bagmati Province, Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study employed a matched case-control design to identify risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Bagmati Province, Nepal. Conducted in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Chitwan, cases were MDR-TB patients from authorized treatment centers, while controls were patients with non-MDR-TB from Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) centers. A total of 154 participants were included, with 77 cases and 77 controls matched by gender. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by a trained professional, with stringent COVID-19 safety measures in place. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, involving descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to identify significant predictors of MDR-TB. Ethical approval was obtained from BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, and informed consent was secured from all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 154 patients (77 cases,77 controls) were interviewed, and the study found significant associations between pulmonary TB and the case group (89.6%) compared to controls (57.1%) (p < 0.001; OR: 6.5; 95% CI: 2.7-15.2), indicating it as a substantial risk factor. Controls showed higher rates of Extra Pulmonary TB (42.9%) compared to cases (10.4%). Previous TB history was more prevalent among cases (63.6%) than controls (10.4%) (p < 0.001; OR: 15.09; 95% CI: 6.34-35.91), highlighting it as a significant risk factor. Cases were more likely to report close contact with TB patients (64.9%) compared to controls (32.5%) (p < 0.001; OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.97-7.51). Cases also had a significant association with close contact with drug-resistant TB patients (p = 0.001; OR: 78; 95% CI: 10.31-589.62), suggesting exposure as a risk factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings revealed significant risk factors for MDR-TB, including Pulmonary Tuberculosis [PTB], previous TB treatment history, and close contact with DR-TB patients. The study highlights the importance of prevention measures to break transmission chains and infection control in health facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syphilis-related mortality in the United States, 2021-2025: trends, demographic disparities, and clinical implications.","authors":"Kanza Atif, Eshal Atif, Vishan Das, Asad Ullah Farooq, Sadia Qazi, Muhammad Atif Mazhar","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13981-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13981-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Syphilis-related mortality in the United States remains incompletely characterized in the post-pandemic period. This study aimed to quantify trends, demographic disparities, and geographic distribution of syphilis-related mortality from 2021 to 2025 using multiple causes of death data, with attention to their clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause-of-Death database. Decedents with ICD-10 codes A50-A53, listed as contributing causes, were included. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated per 100,000 population using the 2000 US Standard Population. Poisson regression was used to estimate the annual percent change (APC) for temporal trends and rate ratios (RRs) for demographic comparisons. Eight pre-specified sensitivity analyses were performed, including restriction to the underlying cause of death only and assessment of HIV and COVID-19 co-occurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,148 syphilis-related deaths were identified, yielding an overall AAMR of 0.06 per 100,000 (95% CI: 0.06-0.07). No significant temporal trend was identified (APC: -1.24%, p = 0.550). Late-stage syphilis was recorded in 51.4% of deaths. The mortality rate among men was 2.5 times that of women (RR: 2.50; 95% CI: 2.20-2.83). The mortality among non-Hispanic Black individuals was 4.8 times that of non-Hispanic White individuals (RR: 4.81; 95% CI: 4.20-5.50). The South accounted for 50.3% of all deaths. HIV was co-listed in 27.5% of deaths, with a borderline increasing trend (APC: +8.25%; p = 0.047). More than half of the deaths occurred outside inpatient hospital settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Syphilis-related mortality remained stable but was concentrated in identifiable high-risk groups and geographical areas. The predominance of late-stage disease, high HIV co-occurrence, and substantial proportion of deaths in community and long-term care settings may reflect gaps in early detection and treatment retention, although death certificate data cannot directly establish these mechanisms. These findings have implications for clinical practice, public health screening programs, and targeted interventions in high-burden populations.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not Applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM II (FujiLAM II) assay for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis.","authors":"Sosina Ayalew, Teklu Wegayehu, Sebsib Neway, Tsion Seifu Adere, Woinishet Tesfaye, Awokech Berihun, Biniam Wondale, Anne Piantadosi, Bamlak Tessema, Adane Mihret","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13992-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13992-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Point-of-care tests (POCTs) are urgently needed to improve tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM II (FujiLAM II) assay for childhood TB diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spot urine samples were collected from children with TB (either bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed) and from healthy controls, then tested using FujiLAM II. Sensitivity was assessed against microbiological and clinical reference standards, while specificity was determined against healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 137 participants, 87 had TB and 50 were controls. FujiLAM II showed overall sensitivity of 17.2%, higher in bacteriologically confirmed cases (36.8%) than in clinically diagnosed cases (11.8%). Sensitivity was better in children under five (27.9%), HIV-positive children (25.0%), and underweight or stunted children (24.0%). Specificity was 100%. In the subgroup of 66 children tested with both assays, detection rates did not differ significantly (28.8% vs. 22.7%). When results from either test were considered positive, the detection rate increased to 40.9%, representing a 12.1% improvement over Xpert Ultra alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FujiLAM II shows suboptimal sensitivity for childhood TB diagnosis, with better sensitivity in children under five years, HIV-positive, or malnourished, and may add value to current diagnostic algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from bloodstream infection and the impact of COVID-19.","authors":"Yan Wu, Mengjun Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13949-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-13949-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the changes in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in bloodstream infections (BSIs) between 2018 and 2024, and to assess temporal associations with the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 575 S. aureus and 1,014 CoNS isolates from blood cultures were retrospectively reviewed. To define true CoNS BSI, we applied clinical criteria (≥ 2 positive bottles with same species, or 1 positive bottle with clinical signs + central line + targeted therapy). Demographic characteristics and resistance rates to 15 antimicrobial agents were compared using chi-square (χ²) and Mann-Kendall tests, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CoNS infections were more common in minors (0-17 years: 31.3%) and the elderly (≥ 80 years: 13.7%), while S. aureus predominated in adults 18-65 years (51.8%). CoNS exhibited higher resistance rates than S. aureus to oxacillin (75.2% vs. 30.5%, p < 0.001), ciprofloxacin (42.8% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.001) and erythromycin (82.2% vs. 56.1%, p < 0.001). Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCNS) detection rates exceeding 70% throughout. Penicillin G resistance in S. aureus increased from 87.1% (95% CI 78.0-93.0) in 2018 to 100% (95% CI 92.5-100) in 2024 (nominal P < 0.05, but not significant after correction). Following the pandemic onset, resistance rates to penicillin G, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin further increased in both groups. After Bonferroni correction, the pandemic-period resistance rate increases of penicillin G, oxacillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin for S. aureus remained significant, while those for CoNS did not. No resistance to linezolid, vancomycin, or tigecycline was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Staphylococci resistance in blood isolates has intensified, with temporal associations observed during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinicians should reconsider empirical oxacillin use given persistently high methicillin resistance. Ongoing surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship are essential. Causal attribution is not possible due to uncontrolled confounders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of secondary bacterial infections in Buruli ulcer disease in Ghana: a focus on antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Abigail Opoku Boadi, Charity Wiafe Akenten, Thorsten Thye, Nancy Ackam, Michael Nkrumah-Appau, Morrah Oppong, Dzifa Kofi Ahiatrogah, Victoria Sogbo, Evelyn Natashia Ayinpoka Ayinlooya, Cynthia Kyerewaa Adu-Asiamah, Bernadette Agbavor, Abigail Agbanyo, Wibke Loag, Neyaz Ahmed Khan, Stefan Berg, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Jürgen May, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Denise Dekker, Richard Odame Phillips","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13986-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13986-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a chronic necrotizing skin disease often complicated by secondary bacterial infections that may delay healing and worsen clinical outcomes. Among these, Staphylococcus aureus is frequently implicated; however, the broader spectrum of bacterial colonizers and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in BU lesions remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to characterize secondary bacterial infections in BU lesions, with a particular focus on the frequency, antimicrobial resistance profile, and methicillin resistance determinants of S. aureus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From October 2023 to March 2025, wound swabs were collected from PCR-confirmed BU patients across three endemic districts in Ghana before the start of BU-specific antibiotic treatment. Bacterial isolates were cultured and identified using standard microbiological techniques and the BioMérieux VITEK 2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was interpreted according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Molecular detection of the mecA gene was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with agarose gel electrophoresis confirmation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 83 bacterial isolates representing 18 genera were recovered from 31 of 40 BU patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 56.6% (47/83) of isolates, while Gram-negative organisms constituted 43.4% (36/83). Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species (17/83; 20.4%). The isolates exhibited high resistance to benzylpenicillin (94%) and tetracycline (82%), but retained complete susceptibility (100%) to linezolid, moxifloxacin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. The mecA gene was detected in 94.1% of S. aureus isolates, indicating a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Notably, PCR-based detection identified a higher proportion of MRSA compared with phenotypic methods (94.1% vs. 58.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Secondary bacterial infections in BU lesions are microbiologically diverse, with S. aureus emerging as a predominant and clinically significant pathogen. The high prevalence of MRSA highlights the need for integrated management strategies addressing both M. ulcerans and co-infecting bacteria. Furthermore, reliance on phenotypic methods alone may underestimate MRSA burden, underscoring the importance of incorporating molecular diagnostics into routine surveillance and clinical care in endemic settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}