BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Disseminated nocardiosis in a patient with AIDS and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report.","authors":"Delvis R Reverón, David M Flora-Noda, Lily M Soto, Maribel Dolande, Juan Frey, Aleiram Chaurio, Bárbara D Ruiz-Alayón, Jocays Caldera, Fhabián S Carrión-Nessi, David A Forero-Peña","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10413-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10413-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare and potentially fatal disease, with a higher incidence in immunocompromised patients, such as those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hematological malignancies, including lymphoma. Information on Nocardia spp. infection in Venezuela is limited.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient, recently diagnosed with HIV, who exhibited prolonged fever and unintentional weight loss. Paraclinical tests revealed pancytopenia and a marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase. Disseminated histoplasmosis was suspected, prompting a bone marrow (BM) aspirate. Culture and molecular studies for Histoplasma spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BM samples were negative. Antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir was initiated, but the patient subsequently experienced clinical deterioration, including ascites, pericardial effusion, and respiratory failure. Post-mortem biopsy and immunohistochemistry identified non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell lineage, and mycological culture of BM isolated Nocardia farcinica.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disseminated nocardiosis may mimic histoplasmosis. Nocardia spp. infection should be considered in HIV patients, particularly in advanced stages of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and staff acceptability of implementing Xpert HIV-1 viral load point-of-care testing: a pilot study in San Francisco.","authors":"Kelvin Moore, Noelle Le Tourneau, Jasmin Alvarez, Santos Rodriguez, Janessa Broussard, Pierre-Cédric Crouch, Jorge Roman, Patricia Defechereux, Jason Bena, Kimberly A Koester, Lissa Moran, Christopher Pilcher, Robert Grant, Katerina A Christopoulos","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10384-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10384-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Point-of-care HIV viral load testing may enhance patient care and improve HIV health services. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of implementing such testing in a high-volume community sexual health clinic in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study. Remnant venipuncture specimens from clients undergoing HIV and other sexual health screenings were analyzed using the Xpert^® HIV-1 Viral Load assay. Results were compared to COBAS^® AmpliPrep/COBAS^® TaqMan^® HIV-1 Test. Clinical staff observations, study meeting notes, and two semi-structured in-depth interviews with clinical staff were used to understand perspectives on incorporating this testing into clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 113 samples from 111 clients. The Xpert assay showed excellent agreement with COBAS, with no clinically significant difference in viral load measurements. Clinical staff found Xpert testing acceptable, based on its ability to provide rapid, accurate test results and potential for bridging patient care gaps. Respondents noted that this testing would be particularly beneficial for individuals in whom barriers to care engagement may complicate follow-up. Challenges in implementation included machine errors as well as concerns related to staff workload, testing logistics, and the need for comprehensive equipment training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents the first effort in the United States to describe the feasibility of HIV viral load point-of-care testing in routine care. While the Xpert demonstrated comparable results to standard-of-care testing and staff found it acceptable, further work is needed to develop the workflow and implementation strategies that would enable real-time use and improved patient care.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined manifestations of dramatically sore throat, congested and edematous mucosa, no-swelling tonsil are specific in acute Omicron pharyngitis.","authors":"Lei Zhou, Lineng Zhang, Feng Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10364-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10364-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify specific clinical signs of Omicron pharyngitis infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A clinical cross-sectional retrospective study was designed to analyze the primary symptoms of pharyngitis in outpatients seeking treatment for sore throat. Pharyngeal congestion, mucosal edema, were measured using a visual analogue assessment score (0-10) while the presence of ulcers, no-tonsil-swelling, no-tonsil-exudate. They were recorded as \"yes\" or \"no \"as two-Categorical data by two senior clinicians, respectively. Significant clinical signs were selected and combined to form a diagnostic panel using SPSS software to differentiate between Omicron pharyngitis and other sore throat cases. The efficiency of the panel was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 sore throat patients were included in the study, including 15 confirmed cases of Omicron pharyngitis through nuclear acid or Sars-Cov-2 virus antigen testing, and 24 cases of common pharyngitis caused by other pathogens. Mucosal congestion and edema were identified as the most significant symptoms and consolidated into a single working group. When combined with the third significant symptom of no-tonsil-swelling, the three-sign-combined diagnostic panel was found to have a high diagnostic efficiency. Mucosal congestion and edema were the most significant signs. When mucosal congestion and edema were consolidated into a single working panel, the cut-off values were determined to be 7.5 and 1, respectively. When combined with the third significant symptom no-tonsil-swelling, the three-sign diagnostic panel was found to have a high diagnostic efficiency. When compared with the gold standard measurement of Sars-Cov-2 virus antigen or nucleic acid, the diagnostic panel has a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 91.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combination of three signs may be a useful diagnostic tool for Omicron pharyngitis. Clinical signs of dramatic mucosal congestion and edema, non-swollen tonsils are the characteristics of Omicron pharyngitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of isavuconazole in mucormycosis: a systematic review.","authors":"Shobha Sanjeewani Gunathilaka, Reshani Kaumada Keragala, Kasun Madhumal Gunathilaka, Sujanthi Wickramage, Sachithra Ravindi Bandara, Indika Sanjeewa Senevirathne, Asela Sampath Jayaweera","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10439-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10439-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection which is associated with poor prognosis. Only a few antifungals are available in the arsenal against mucormycosis. The global guidelines for diagnosing and managing mucormycosis recommend high doses of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) as the first-line treatment. Isavuconazole is another potential treatment option for mucormycosis.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>This systematic review aims to consolidate and analyse existing evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole in treating mucormycosis alone or in combination with LAmB. For data aggregation, comprehensive searches were conducted across various electronic databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Trip, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and Open-Gray. Furthermore, we explored the gray literature, employing tailored keywords. The reference lists of the selected articles were scrutinized to identify additional pertinent publications. Articles reporting any studies, case series, or case reports on any form of mucormycosis exclusively involving human subjects published in English were included. There were no time restrictions involved. We extracted crucial data, such as publication year, country, disease form, isavuconazole dosage, frequency, duration, overall outcomes, and reported adverse effects. A total of 31 articles, which included four case series, 24 case reports, one open-label trial, one randomized controlled trial, and one non-interventional registry study, were included in the final analysis. 135 adult patients and 14 children were treated with isavuconazole as primary monotherapy, primary combination therapy, nonprimary monotherapy, or nonprimary combination therapy. The mortality rate following LAmB monotherapy, amphotericin B plus azole, amphotericin B followed with azole, posaconazole only and isavuconazole only was 32%, 6.6%, 13.7%, 17.2% and 24.6%, respectively. The heterogeneity of the studies did not allow for a comparison of the different treatment strategies (primary mono- vs. primary combination, etc.).</p><p><strong>Short conclusion: </strong>The use of isavuconazole in combination therapies during the acute phase via intravenous administration alongside LAmB or other triazoles, followed by long-term monotherapy via the oral route, has yielded promising recovery rates. Adverse events associated with the use of isavuconazole are infrequently reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Japanese man with community-onset carbapenem-resistant Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans bacteremia and a sacral pressure ulcer: a case report.","authors":"Kohei Hasegawa, Kenya Murata, Yuki Suzuki, Yoshihiko Ogawa, Hisakazu Yano","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10440-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10440-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stutzerimonas is a recently proposed genus comprising strains formerly classified as Pseudomonas stutzeri. The genus includes at least 16 identified species. Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans, previously known as Pseudomonas nitrititolerans, was initially isolated from a bioreactor. Only one case of human infection has been reported to date, and its pathogenicity remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of community-acquired S. nitrititolerans bacteremia in a 77-year-old Japanese man with a sacral pressure ulcer. On admission for cerebral infarction, empirical ampicillin/sulbactam was administered because of an infected sacral pressure ulcer. Blood cultures revealed Gram-negative bacilli. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was unable to identify the species, but 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing identified the isolate NR5426 as S. nitrititolerans. Despite negative results for common carbapenem-resistance genes, the strain showed possible metallo-beta-lactamase production. The patient was treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and recovered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case confirms that S. nitrititolerans can cause infection in humans and highlights the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and the treatment strategy for infections caused by this rare bacterium. Further studies are required to determine its resistance mechanisms and the clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of suspected human rabies virus exposure and associated risk factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mengistie Kassahun Tariku, Abebe Habtamu Belete, Daniel Tarekegn Worede, Sewnet Wongiel Misikir","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10389-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10389-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the World Health Organization's 2030 goal of zero deaths, rabies disproportionately affects Asia and Africa, causing 55,000 deaths and 8.6 billion monetary losses annually. In Ethiopia, dogs are the primary cause of human rabies virus exposure due to their close interaction with humans and other domestic animals. The results of previous studies on the incidence of suspected human rabies virus exposure were inconsistent and inadequate. This study aimed to measure the pooled incidence of suspected human rabies virus exposure and associated risk factors in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Published articles without publication date/year restriction were investigated using the guideline Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online databases. Two independent authors extracted the required data. This meta-analysis was carried out using the program Stata Version 17, the DerSimonian-Laird method, and a random-effects model. The I2 and Cochrane Q test statistics were used to determine the studies' heterogeneity. Egger's test and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Data were displayed using forest plots of incidence and risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight articles with 18 data points and 116,484 sample sizes were included. The pooled incidence rate was 54.03 (95% CI: 43.92-64.13) per 100,000 population. The highest, 107.32 (95% CI: 80.20-134.45) per 100,000 population, and the lowest, 4.49 (95% CI: 2.00-6.97) per 100,000 incidence rate, were observed in the Oromia and Amhara regions, respectively. Sex was significantly associated with the incidence of human rabies exposure. Being male was (RR = 1.67, 95% CI; 1.53-1.81) times more likely to be exposed to the human rabies virus than those who were females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The estimated incidence was found to vary by location and was reported as high. One important contributing factor was sex. Human rabies virus exposure prevention, such as dog vaccination, public awareness, and an epidemiological surveillance system, should be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of age on comparative diagnostic accuracy of temporal artery thermometers and non-contact infrared thermometers for fever detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kwo-Chen Lee, Yun-Ping Lin, Ya-Ling Tzeng, Wen-Chun Liao, Chyi Lo, Pei-Yun Chen, Shu-Hua Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10332-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10332-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-invasive temporal artery thermometers (TATs) and non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are increasingly used in community settings to measure body temperature. Existing research predominantly focuses on pediatric populations, yet the accuracy and precision of TATs and NCITs for fever screening across age groups remain unclear. This study aims to assess age-related differences in the diagnostic accuracy of TATs and NCITs for fever detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, sourcing data from PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Prospective studies comparing TATs and NCITs against body temperature measurement methods were included. Two independent researchers extracted data, and study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and the hierarchical summary area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated using STATA version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included 34 studies with 28,996 participants, of whom 5,358 were febrile. For TATs, 22 studies with 9,894 readings yielded a pooled sensitivity of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.40-0.76) and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83-0.96). Sensitivity was higher at fever thresholds > 38 °C (0.71, 95% CI: 0.60-0.80), and higher in children (0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.85) than in adults (0.48, 95% CI: 0.30-0.67). Similar sensitivities were observed between rectal and other standards (0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.80 vs. 0.70, 95% CI: 0.41-0.89). For NCITs, 16 studies with 14,234 readings yielded a pooled sensitivity of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54-0.82) and specificity of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-0.97). Sensitivity improved at fever thresholds > 38 °C (from 0.70 to 0.75, 95% CI: 0.55-0.88) and was higher in children compared to the overall estimate (0.79 vs. 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62-0.90). Comparable sensitivities were noted between axillary and other standards (0.73, 95% CI: 0.30-0.94 vs. 0.75, 95% CI: 0.49-0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TATs and NCITs show variable diagnostic accuracy across age groups, with higher sensitivity in children and at elevated fever thresholds. This variability underscores the importance of age-specific use of these thermometers and highlights the need for further research to optimize diagnostic performance across populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wealth-based inequalities in tuberculosis prevalence among households having children and young adults in India: insights from Indian demographic and health surveys (2015-2021).","authors":"Saurabh Singh, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Suhas Ballal, Sanjay Kumar, Mahakshit Bhat, Shilpa Sharma, M Ravi Kumar, Yogesh Kumar Dhandh, Sarvesh Rustagi, Mohammed Alissa, Muhammad A Halwani, Mohammed Garout, Hayam A Alrasheed, Maha F Al-Subaie, Nawal A Al Kaabi, Ali A Rabaan, Sanjit Sah, Muhammed Shabil, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Prakasini Satapathy","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10301-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10301-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4th and 5th round (2015-16 and 2019-21), this study conducted a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis. Unadjusted and Adjusted Logistic regression is utilized to identify key factors influencing TB. Furthermore, Wagstaff decomposition analysis is applied, to quantifying the factors that contributes to the inequalities in social determinants on the wealth-related inequality observed in the prevalence of TB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study observed a notable decline in TB prevalence from 1.7 to 1.2% among individuals from households having children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Additionally, factors like the use of unclean cooking fuel, lack of electricity, and unimproved toilet facilities were associated with increased TB prevalence. Wealth-based inequality in TB prevalence was also evident, with the burden falling disproportionately on poorer households. Unclean fuel is the most significant determinant of wealth-based inequality in TB, contributing to nearly 2/5th (18.5% in NFHS-4) of the observed inequality. Notably, gender did not significantly influence TB prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decline in TB prevalence in India correlates with improvements in socio-economic and living conditions, as evidenced by increased access to better housing, clean fuel, and sanitation facilities. The study underscores the need for integrated public health strategies that address both medical and socio-environmental determinants of TB. Improving socio-economic conditions, alongside targeted healthcare interventions, appears vital in reducing the TB burden in high-prevalence settings like India. This research emphasizes the importance of comprehensive approaches to combat pediatric TB, combining clinical care with enhancements in living standards and access to basic amenities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns in infected lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients at ALERT hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Gizealew Ayalew, Asegedech Asmamaw, Mistire Wolde, Regasa Diriba, Biruk Zerfu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10409-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10409-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections commonly complicate cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), worsening the disease and delaying healing. Despite this, there is a gap in research concerning the characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms associated in CL patients. This study aims to identify bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns in CL patients. A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among CL patients attending the ALERT hospital from January 2021 to June 2021. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Each patient's lesion was aseptically sampled with two swabs. The swabs were aseptically inoculated onto blood agar plates (BAP) and Mac Conkey agar (MAC) and cultured following standard protocols. The isolates were identified by gram staining, colony morphology, and biochemical testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were done using the disk diffusion technique according to 2021 CLSI guidelines. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and analyze data. In this study 384 CL patients (66.9% male), aged 2-85 years were enrolled. 390 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from CL lesions, with 58.0% and 42.0% Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. S aureus (41.5%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (14.4%), Citrobacter spp. (10.8%), Klebsiella spp. (9.9%), and Proteus spp. (7.9%) were the most commonly identified bacteria. Over 80% of the isolates demonstrated multi-drug resistance to two or more antibiotics. S. aureus showed high resistance to penicillin (86.4%), methicillin (83.9%), and tetracycline (47.5%). These findings highlight the critical needs of microbial diagnostics and antibiotic susceptibility testing in CL patients due to the rising prevalence of drug-resistance, including the multi-drug resistant bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of flood on the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in northeast of Iran: an interrupted time series study.","authors":"Mostafa Majidnia, Atefeh Khoshkchali, Ahmad Khosravi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10436-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10436-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonosis infection which is endemic in more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and America. It was estimated that nearly 20 thousand of new cases are reported in Iran annually. This study aimed to investigate the impact of floods on the incidence of leishmaniasis in Golestan province (northeast of Iran) over nine years, from 2015 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) is a study design used to study the effects of an intervention, disaster, or natural event on occurrence of a disease over time. In March 2019, a major flood occurred in Golestan Province, and it had a particularly strong effect on the Gonbad Kavous county (region 1). The trend of CL incidence before and after the flood was assessed using ITSA. In addition, the flood impact on CL incidence was compared between Gonbad Kavous county (region 1) with other counties (13 counties, as the region 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout the study, a total of 8953 cases were identified with 2148 (24%) infected with leishmaniasis before the flood and 6805 (76%) after that. A comparison of leishmaniasis between the two regions before and after the flood revealed a significant increase in Gonbad Kavous County following the flood. Also, in the multivariate regression analysis, the average difference in the baseline occurrence level before the flood in regions 1 and 2 was 30.3 per 10⁵ population, which was statistically significant. Additionally, the average difference in the occurrence of leishmaniasis after the flood between the two regions was 37.3 cases per 10⁵ population. The difference in trend of incidence between the two regions increased to 30.4 per 10⁵ population after the flood, compared to 5.5 per 10⁵ before the flood. Also, the long-term trend difference after the flood between the two regions has reached 27.3 per 10⁵ population.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and climate change can increase the spread of diseases such as leishmaniasis. Some interventional strategies are needed to decrease the risk of leishmaniasis outbreaks in flooded areas. Besides informing the community, allocating more financial resources for healthcare activities is essential. Environmental and individual protective activities, regular waste collection and disposal, and combating reservoirs and vectors are particularly crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}