BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Survival of kidney transplantation in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ka Chun Leung, Wincy Wing Sze Ng, Jonathan Ciofani, Wendy Kwok","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11480-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11480-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term impact of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter cohort study during Omicron pandemic.","authors":"Yajuan Zhang, Yanlin Li, Yamin Zhang, Tian Zhang, Miao Li, Xin Yu, Tongfei Wang, Xiemin Feng, Rui Xu, Weihu Xia, Hong Xu, Xiaojie Song, Yaning Zhao, Xinli Hou, Hui Wei, Zhiyan Liu, Ying Zan, Bing Zhao, Chunling Liu, Xiaopeng He, Xuan Liang, Min Jiao, Wenjuan Wang, Duolao Wang, Lili Jiang, Baibing Mi, Yixue Bai, Xubo Huang, Xiaohui Jia, Xiaolan Fu, Yuan Shen, Hui Guo, Mengjie Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11544-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11544-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remained unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 and long-term outcomes in ICIs-treated lung cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred eighty-one patients with advanced lung cancer who were treated with ICIs were enrolled and followed for at least 6 months in 10 medical centers in China during Omicron pandemic. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Cox model with time-dependent covariate and landmark analysis were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multivariable analysis showed that patients with COVID-19 had significantly worse OS (HR: 2.59 [1.58-4.26], P < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.55 [1.02-2.35], P < 0.001). In landmark analyses, COVID-19 that occurred within 3 months after initiation of ICIs was found to be associated with shorter OS (HR: 3.40 [1.70-6.77], P = 0.001) and PFS (HR: 3.40 [1.70-6.77], P = 0.02). In subgroup analysis, both mild and severe COVID-19 were associated with shorter OS (mild, HR: 2.39 [1.33-4.29], P = 0.004; severe, HR 4.46 [2.39-8.33], P < 0.002) and PFS (mild, HR 1.71 [1.05-2.78], P = 0.03; severe, HR 3.32 [1.97-5.60], P < 0.002). Additionally, there were no significant differences in OS or PFS among patients with varying treatment delays.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 had a negative impact on the long-term outcomes of patients with lung cancer who received ICIs, particularly if the infection occurred during the first 3 months of ICIs treatment. These findings are crucial for addressing the COVID-19 epidemic and other respiratory infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of 241 invasive and non-invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients under 14 years old, Hebei Province, China.","authors":"Jie Che, Hong-Bin Zhang, Ying-Hui Guo, Zhao-Yi Jia, Bao-Hua He, Bo-Han Chen, Zhu-Jun Shao, Yin-Qi Sun, Qi Li","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11396-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11396-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine has led to significant variations in the epidemiological patterns of H.influenzae globally, with regional differences. However, large sample pathogenetic studies and comparative analyses of H.influenzae in China remain limited, especially in Hebei Province. This study aimed to characterize the patterns in serotypes and the antimicrobial resistance of invasive and non-invasive H.influenzae in children under 14 years of age in Hebei Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021 at Hebei Children's Hospital. H.influenzae was identified using classical biochemical methods, MALDI-TOF MS and hpd gene-based qPCR. Slide agglutination serotyping and molecular capsular typing determined the capsular types. Antimicrobial resistance was tested with the broth dilution method and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and β-lactamase production was detected using nitrocefin disks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 241 H.influenzae isolates, 13 were invasive and 228 were non-invasive. The proportion of invasive isolates differed significantly across age groups (P = 0.005), i.e., 14.55% among patients < 1 year of age, 0.00% among 1-2 years of age, 4.26% among 3-5 years of age, and 2.33% in the 6-13 age groups. Three capsular types were detected: Hib (10/241), Hie (2/241), and Hif (7/241), with 222 isolates identified as NTHi. Hib accounted for 61.54% of the invasive isolate. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests also showed that invasive isolates exhibited higher nonsensitivity to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, and clarithromycin compared to non-invasive isolates (P < 0.05). The percentage of BLNAI and BLNAR was also higher for invasive isolates than in non-invasive ones (46.15% vs. 20.61%, P = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although NTHi is becoming the predominant pathogen of H.influenzae infection in children under 14 years, Hib remains the leading cause of invasive infection in Hebei Province. The high prevalence of β-lactamase-producing and BLNAR isolates underscores a growing challenge in antimicrobial resistance, particularly among invasive isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of respiratory viruses in severe acute respiratory infections in Southern Brazil, 2023-2024.","authors":"Amanda Pellenz Ruivo, Milena da Cruz Bauermann, Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini, Franciellen Machado Dos Santos, Fernanda Godinho, Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen, Taís Raquel Marcon Machado, Leticia Garay Martins, Renata Petzhold Mondini, Carolina Nunes Port, Artur Correa, Taina Selayaran, Paola Cristina Resende, Gabriel da Luz Wallau, Richard Steiner Salvato, Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11458-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11458-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, representing a significant public health challenge. Respiratory viruses are the primary pathogens responsible for these infections, and their ability to evolve and spread efficiently contributes to their widespread circulation. Here, we examined the epidemiological characteristics of SARI cases reported over one year (February 2023 To February 2024) in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil. Additionally, 4,000 negative specimens for influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2, tested routinely, were evaluated by an expanded PCR respiratory panel (11 pathogens). During the study period, 14,816 SARI cases were reported: 3,396 cases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2,329 To RSV, 1,124 due to influenza (802 influenza A and 322 influenza B), and 7,803 due To undefined etiological agents. Differential diagnostics allowed for identifying at least one respiratory pathogen in 1,741 (43.5%) of the 4,000 SARI cases tested. Human rhinovirus was the most frequently detected virus (in 63.3% of positive cases), followed by metapneumovirus (17.7%), parainfluenza (15.9%), adenovirus (13.6%), and bocavirus (11.6%). Our findings highlight the significant role of a diverse range of respiratory viruses contributing to severe illness and mortality. Additionally, we observed ongoing shifts in the seasonal patterns of these viruses, underscoring the dynamic nature of respiratory virus circulation. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions to mitigate the impact of respiratory infections and ensure an adequate public health response.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal analysis of influenza in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2024.","authors":"Zhirui Li, Lijun Zhou, Peihan Wang, Heng Yuan, Qian Zhang, Zixuan Fan, Chongkun Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11594-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11594-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilising influenza monitoring data from Sichuan Province, descriptive research and geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to examine the epidemiological features and spatiotemporal patterns of influenza in the province from 2015 to 2024. From 2015 to 2024, Sichuan Province reported a total of 2,105,900 influenza cases, exhibiting a general rising trend in incidence, notably marked by high rises in 2019 and 2023. Global geographic autocorrelation study indicated substantial positive spatial autocorrelation in influenza incidence from 2019 to 2024 (Moran's I > 0, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation study identified clustering patterns throughout Sichuan Province, with high-high clustering mostly in the centre region and low-low clustering mainly in the western and eastern parts. Hotspot study indicated a progressive rise in the quantity of influenza hotspots, predominantly located in the central region, namely within urban areas of the plains. Analysis of the standard deviational ellipse of the movement trajectory of influenza outbreak centres indicated a shift in influenza transmission within the province from central urban areas to the southern regions, accompanied by a gradual dissemination. Our findings demonstrate that influenza prevention and control continues to be a significant public health concern in Sichuan Province. Region-specific influenza prevention and control strategies must be formulated, emphasising enhanced surveillance of low-incidence influenza clusters and preferential resource allocation to areas with elevated influenza incidence, to effectively address potential future influenza pandemics and mitigate the influenza burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic granulomatous herpes simplex encephalitis in a child with digeorge syndrome- expanding the spectrum of herpes-associated neurological disease.","authors":"Deepti Ashok Kewalramani, Yathwin Kanagavel, Visvanathan Krishnaswamy, Latha Ravichandran, Lawrence D Cruz, Padmasani Venkat Ramanan, Ram Mohan, Dr Ranjith Kumar Manokaran","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11385-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11385-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes simplex virus(HSV) encephalitis is typically an acute, monophasic illness but can rarely present as a chronic granulomatous encephalitis, especially among immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis of chronic HSV encephalitis is challenging due to its prolonged latency period, atypical imaging findings, and potential false-negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. This report describes a rare case of chronic granulomatous HSV encephalitis in a child with an underlying immunodeficiency disorder- DiGeorge syndrome (DGS).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A developmentally normal 10-month-old girl initially presented with fever and seizures, was diagnosed with acute encephalitis, and received intravenous acyclovir. Following the illness, she exhibited neurodevelopmental delay and gliotic changes in brain imaging. At 12 years of age, she was admitted with refractory seizures and a respiratory infection. MRI revealed new cortical lesions and CSF analysis showed mild pleocytosis with elevated proteins. Despite symptomatic management, her condition worsened, with progressive neurological decline and radiological evidence of tumefactive or granulomatous lesions. A brain biopsy was performed, revealing HSV-1 positivity on PCR and immunohistochemistry, confirming chronic HSE. Given the atypical course, genetic testing was conducted, showing a 22q11.2 microdeletion consistent with DGS. The patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir and corticosteroids, followed by long-term oral acyclovir prophylaxis. Over two years of follow-up, she showed significant clinical and radiological improvement, with seizure resolution and partial recovery of developmental milestones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the potential for HSV to cause chronic granulomatous encephalitis, particularly among children with underlying immunodeficiency. It underscores the diagnostic challenge posed by prolonged latency and false-negative CSF PCR results and the importance of brain biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Additionally, this report suggests a potential link between DGS-related immunodeficiency and chronic HSV infection, emphasizing the need for genetic evaluation in atypical encephalitis cases. Long-term acyclovir therapy may be beneficial in such patients, although the optimal duration remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ten diagnostic models for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in lean people living with HIV.","authors":"Wei Xu, Danping Liu, Renfang Zhang, Jun Chen, Yinzhong Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11540-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11540-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections during an outbreak in Ethiopia: a case-control study.","authors":"Amare Yirga Abate, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, Mesafint Fekadu Andargie, Mekuria Tilahun Kassie, Damtie Lankir Abebe","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11488-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11488-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite being in existence for hundreds of years, Streptococcus pyogenes remains a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality, with a particular impact in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. Even though research on Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections in Ethiopia is growing, there's a gap in identifying the potential risk factors contributing to this infection with prevention and control measures. The primary objective of this case-control study design was to identify potential risk factors of Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections and outbreak investigation was also undertaken to control and prevent the spread of Streptococcus pyogenes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted in the South Gondar Zone of Andabet and Dera districts from December 10, 2022, to January 10, 2023. An active case search was done with house-to-house by using epidemiologically linked case definitions, and a total of 914 residents were attacked by the outbreak. A face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire was carried out to collect data. Epi Data version 4.6 and STATA version 17 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Regression analysis was computed, and variables with a P-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant risk factors.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes was identified during the outbreak investigation. The attack rate of the infection was 22.2 cases per 1,000 population. The logistic regression analysis revealed that contact with cases (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 2.91-12.25), poor personal hygiene (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.2-0.66), inadequate water access for hygiene (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.27-3.76), inadequate clothing practices (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23-0.70), and presence of injury (OR = 9.8, 95% CI: 5.85-18.41) were statistically significant risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and recommendations: </strong>Significant risk factors included contact with cases, poor personal hygiene, inadequate water access for hygiene and clothing practice, and injury. Improving personal hygiene, increasing water access, and injury prevention are recommended to reduce S. pyogenes transmission. S. pyogenes infection should be included in the national public health surveillance system. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to track the impacts of S. pyogenes infections over time in the same population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children with 23 S rRNA mutations in domain V and exploration of the timing of glucocorticoid therapy.","authors":"Ren Shen, Linbin Zhou, Yuhuan Chen, Yangjun Chen, Shanpu Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11584-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11584-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To analyze the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children with 23 S rRNA mutations in Domain V and to explore the optimal timing of glucocorticoid therapy when fever persists despite macrolide antibiotic treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 350 children hospitalized with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) between November 2022 and October 2023. Patients were stratified into a mutation-positive group (n = 286) and a mutation-negative group (n = 64) based on the presence of 23 S rRNA Domain V mutations in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results and imaging manifestations of the two groups were compared first. In this retrospective study, children with mutation-positive MPP treated with azithromycin were further grouped by persistent fever duration at the time of glucocorticoid initiation: Group A (n = 60, 3 days), Group B (n = 63, 5 days), and Group C (n = 64, 7 days). All received glucocorticoids after the respective fever milestones, with outcomes compared across groups. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed using laboratory indicators to identify predictive markers for severe MPP (SMPP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences between the 23 S rRNA Domain V mutation-positive and negative groups in 24/48/72-hour defervescence rates, pulmonary consolidation rate, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), SAA/hs-CRP ratio, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, fever duration, and hospital stay (P < 0.05). Both Group A and Group B showed significantly higher 48/72-hour defervescence rates than Group C (P < 0.05), while Group A had shorter fever duration and hospital stay than Groups B and C (P < 0.05). Additionally, Group A had a lower severe pneumonia rate than Group C (P < 0.05), which suggested that early glucocorticoid therapy may be associated with potentially improved clinical outcomes. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that hs-CRP, LDH, D-dimer, and their combined detection had high predictive value for SMPP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 23 S rRNA Domain V mutation shows significant association with clinical characteristics of pediatric MPP. Timely glucocorticoid intervention can substantially improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, combined measurement of hs-CRP, LDH, and D-dimer demonstrates significant predictive value for early identification of SMPP.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable. This retrospective analysis was conducted using existing data and did not involve direct intervention with participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities and inequalities of lower respiratory infections in Iran, 1990-2021: the role of socioeconomic and demographic factors.","authors":"Mohammad Sarmadi, Mina Rezaei, Mohammad Hosseiniravandi, Mohsen Ramezani Nezhad, Malihe Babahaji, Sajjad Rahimi, Mohsen Poursadeghiyan","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11599-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11599-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) is considered the leading health threat worldwide. We aimed to explore the trends and disparities of national and provincial outcomes of LRIs from 1990 to 2021 in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we retrieved health-related outcome rates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 Study, including annual age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), deaths (ASDR), and Disability-adjusted life year (ASDALYR) during 1990-2019. To quantify the impact of covariates, the main socioeconomic and demographic factors, as well as the rates of LRIs were calculated by correlation and regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Iran, total all ages deaths of LRIs decreased from 13,549 (95%UI 11,749 - 17,199) in 1990 to 8,596 (7,336-9,573) in 2021. Nationally, the ASIR and ASDR of LRIs decreased by 48.32% (45.02-51.50) and 57.11% (51.41-64.35), respectively, from 1990 to 2021. The highest and lowest ASIR varied among provinces in 2021, from 1,867.95 case (1,720.23-2,008.96) per 100,000 in North Khorasan to 1,077.50 case (988.68-1,175.44) per 100,000 in Ardebil. The ASDALYs decreased by 81.06% (77.15-85.95) for three decades, from 1,509.05 (1,302.85-1,927.77) per 100,000 in 1990 to 285.85 (252.45-315.06) per 100,000 in 2021. Two age groups, children under 5 years and older adults (+ 70 years) had the considerable burden of death and DALYs. Income, urbanization, sociodemographic index (SDI), and human development index (HDI) had the negative correlation with changes of LRIs' outcomes, especially for death (r= -0.60 and r= -0.66) and DALYs rates (r= -0.66 and r= -0.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite significant decreasing burden of LRIs trend over three decades, there is considerable disparities among provinces, which should be addressed in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}