BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Integrating machine learning and spatial clustering for malaria case prediction in Brazil's Legal Amazon.","authors":"Kayo Henrique de Carvalho Monteiro, Élisson da Silva Rocha, Luis Augusto Morais, Elton Gino Santos, Sebastião Rogerio da S Neto, Vanderson Sampaio, Patricia Takako Endo","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11193-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11193-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria remains a major global health challenge, particularly in Brazil's Legal Amazon region, where environmental and socioeconomic conditions foster favorable conditions for disease transmission. Traditional control measures have shown limited effectiveness, emphasizing the need for better predictive approaches to support timely and targeted public health interventions. This study evaluates the performance of six computational models-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)-for forecasting weekly malaria cases across multiple states in the Legal Amazon. The results demonstrate that the RF model consistently outperformed the other models, achieving the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values in most cases, such as in cluster 02 of the state of Acre, with RMSE of 0.00203 and MAE of 0.00133. The integration of K-means clustering further improved the model predictive accuracy by accounting for spatial heterogeneity and capturing localized transmission dynamics. This hybrid modeling approach, combining machine learning models with spatial clustering, offers a promising tool for enhancing malaria surveillance and guiding more effective public health strategies, especially for malaria control efforts in high-risk regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-treatment time to symptom resolution and associated factors in a cohort of Ugandan men with urethral discharge syndrome.","authors":"Courtney Pasco, Yisi Liu, Junyi Zhou, Ethan Gough, Annet Onzia, Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi, Johan H Melendez, Peter Kyambadde, Yukari C Manabe, Matthew M Hamill","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11196-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11196-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ugandan men with urethral discharge syndrome (UDS) have high burdens of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. STI complaints are treated syndromically, but post-treatment symptom resolution (SR) data are lacking in this group. This study estimated the time from treatment to symptom resolution (TTR) and examined associations with sociodemographic and behavioral factors and TTR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>250 men with UDS were recruited at health centers in Kampala, Uganda. Participants underwent point-of-care testing for HIV/syphilis, and urogenital samples were retrospectively analyzed for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplamsa genitalium (MG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) using Aptima nucleic acid amplification tests (Hologic Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA). Socio-behavioral data were collected by questionnaire. Participants received follow-up calls at 14-, and 21-days post-enrollment to assess SR, antibiotic adherence, and sexual behaviors. Differences between participants by SR at day 14 were determined by Fisher Exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Chi-squared test, and Welch's t-test as appropriate. Univariable and multivariable accelerated failure time (AFT) models were used to identify associations between participant factors and TTR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 239 (95.6%) participants who completed day 14 follow-up surveys, 37 (16%) did not have SR by 14-days post-enrollment and treatment initiation. Median (IQR) TTR was 4.0 (3.0,6.0) days. Delayed TTR was associated with previous episodes of UDS in the prior six months (2.0 vs. 1.4, p = 0.010) and negative tests for CT/NG/MG/TV (35% vs. 15%, p = 0.004). These relationships held true when controlling for potential confounders including prior antimicrobial use, possible reinfection following sexual exposures post-enrollment, treatment non-adherence, HIV status, and other behaviors associated with increased vulnerabilities to STIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed TTR was associated with prior UDS episodes. Negative tests for common curable STIs were associated with delayed TTR suggesting the possible role of other infectious or non-infectious etiologies. The underlying mechanisms of delayed SR, e.g., reinfection, treatment failure, or dysregulated mucosal immunity, warrant further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of hepatic-splenic abscess in a non-endemic area of brucellosis: insights from complex infection with brucellosis.","authors":"Shufang Pan, Yuankai Wu, Kaixiang Zhou, Jie Gao, Jiaoling Li, Chengyuan Liu, Yutian Chong, Jianyun Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11206-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11206-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the case of a 47-year-old male patient who exhibited recurrent fever and was diagnosed with liver and splenic abscesses. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the upper abdomen showed several hypodense lesions in the liver and spleen. A puncture of the liver abscess was performed and the sample was subjected to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results of both the liver sample and blood NGS indicated the presence of Brucella. Further examination of the liver and spleen pus suggested necrotizing purulent inflammation. Consequently, the final diagnosis confirmed the condition as brucellosis, liver abscess, and splenic abscess. Doxycycline, rifapentine, and levofloxacin were administered to treat the infection. However, the results were suboptimal. Subsequently, the patient underwent a splenectomy and open drainage of an abscess of the liver. Following the surgical intervention, the patient's symptoms improved gradually and he continued his regimen of doxycycline, rifapentine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. This triple-drug combination was maintained for a duration of up to 32 months to effectively control the infection and was ultimately discontinued after a thorough evaluation of the stable lesion. For brucellosis patients with abdominal abscesses, effective treatment requires surgical debridement and extended anti-infective therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients attending Dilla university referral hospital, Ethiopia.","authors":"Melat Hatiya, Yared Merid, Addis Mola, Fanuel Belayneh, Musa Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11191-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11191-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and is the second leading cause of death from contagious diseases worldwide. Ethiopia is among the 30 countries with the highest burden of TB and TB/HIV co-infection. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant TB present significant challenges to TB care and control efforts, particularly multi-drug-resistant TB, which poses a serious public health issue in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drug-resistant TB and its associated factors among TB patients in Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from March-2024 to May-2024 among 216 pulmonary TB patients attending DURH. Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/XDR assay was used to assess the pattern of drug resistance in TB. The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay was used to detect rifampicin resistance, while the Xpert MTB/XDR assay was employed to identify isoniazid resistance and resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs when rifampicin resistance was detected. Data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In this study, out of 216 confirmed MTB cases, 5 (2.3%) were identified as drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), with mono-resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid at 1.4% and 0.9%, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in DR-TB prevalence between those with and without a history of anti-TB treatment (p = 0.001). Notably, isoniazid mono-resistant TB was more prevalent among individuals with diabetes mellitus and those with a history of previous treatment, showing p-values of 0.018 and 0.015, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the 216 confirmed TB cases, 5 cases of DR-TB were identified, accounting for 2.3%. DR-TB was more prevalent in patients with a history of anti-TB treatment, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced early detection and improved treatment monitoring. Additionally, isoniazid mono-resistant TB was notably prevalent in individuals with diabetes mellitus and prior treatment history, with p-values of 0.018 and 0.015, respectively. Targeted interventions for these high-risk groups are essential to address drug resistance in TB, enabling us to effectively tackle the emergence of drug-resistant TB at both local and national levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic influences on Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations and nesting behaviors in sylvatic areas of southern ecuador.","authors":"Jazive Esparza-Carate, Soledad Santillán-Guayasamín, César A Yumiseva, Juan José Bustillos, Mario J Grijalva, Sereno Denis, Anita G Villacís","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11175-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11175-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major public health concern. While Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, a key vector, is traditionally sylvatic, environmental disturbances have driven its adaptation to human-influenced habitats. This study explores a novel factor: how anthropogenic waste affects vector ecology by altering nest compositions. Unlike prior research, this study examines whether human-derived materials in nests influence triatomine colonization. Given rising pollution, particularly post-COVID-19, understanding its role in disease transmission is essential for developing innovative vector control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nest records were collected and analyzed in 2018, 2022, and 2023, across eight communities in Loja province, Ecuador. Nests were categorized as peridomestic if found < 30 m from a house and sylvatic if > 30 m away. The number of insects found in these nests was quantified using entomological indices. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess relationships between nest location and the presence of anthropogenic materials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 389 nests were examined, yielding 1,089 individuals of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (including both nymphs and adults). The infestation index in peridomestic areas dramatically decreased from 33.3% in 2018 to 0% in 2022, highlighting an intriguing temporal shift that warrants further investigation. In contrast, sylvatic areas showed fluctuating infestation rates (27.5% in 2018, 16.5% in 2022, and 22.2% in 2023). The study uniquely identified a significant association between triatomine infestation and mammal nests, with 50.1% of infested nests located within mammal habitats. Notably, 35.2% of these nests contained anthropogenic materials, particularly near human-altered landscapes such as roads and paths. The weak to moderate negative correlation between the presence of anthropogenic materials and proximity to roads or rivers (r = -0.361, p = 0.039) highlights an innovative exploration of the influence of human environmental changes on vector ecology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers a novel perspective on the dual impact of increasing pollution levels on wildlife. It highlights how anthropogenic waste not only reduces vector populations but also increases mortality rates through entanglement in waste materials. These findings underscore the urgent need for environmental education programs focused on waste management within local communities. Furthermore, the study paves the way for further research to assess the rate of T. cruzi infection in relation to environmental and anthropogenic factors, offering a critical foundation for understanding and potentially mitigating Chagas disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two cases of Talaromyces marneffei tracheobronchial infection in HIV-negative patients.","authors":"Xingbing Lu, Juan Chen, Shiqi Miao, Yi Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11143-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11143-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccination status among people living with HIV; a cross-sectional study in selected regions in Tanzania.","authors":"Kunda John Stephen, Johnson Mshiu, Felix Christopher, Victor Wiketye, Omari Kimbute, Anelisa Martin, Charles Makasi, Nyangosya Range, Melkizedeck Majaha, Erick Mgina, Aloisia Shemdoe, Werner Maokola, Anath Rwebembera, Bernard Ngowi, Andrew Martin Kilale","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10809-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10809-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Public Health and Social Measures (PHSM) are among the commonly used methods to prevent the spread of Corona Virus Disease of 2029 (COVID-19). Vaccination has also been an integral component of infectious disease prevention and control and it has been used widely to protect humans against some of the very serious diseases such as COVID-19. People living with HIV (PLHIV) are known to be more vulnerable to the severest form of COVID-19 than the general population. Other groups of people likely to get the severe form of COVID-19 include the elderly and those with co-morbidities such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the study was to establish socio-demographic factors that could determine COVID-19 vaccination status among PLHIV in selected regions in mainland Tanzania and to provide insight into ways to increase COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Tanzania.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2022 among PLHIV in four conveniently sampled regions of Tanzania namely Kagera, Tabora, Geita, and Dar es Salaam. A total of 25 Care and Treatment Centres (CTCs) were randomly selected with a probability proportion by size in each region. In each CTC, 11 PLHIV eligible for vaccination were systematically selected to participate in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire and Open Data Kit (ODK) software was used to record and transfer data to a designated server. Data cleaning and analysis were done using Stata version 14.0. A chi-square test was used to assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 vaccination status. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was fitted to determine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Out of 1,100 PLHIV interviewed, 696 (63.3%) were found to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Level of education, age, occupation, employment status, location, and level of health facilities were found to be significantly associated with of COVID-19 vaccination status among PLHIV in the study areas. PLHIV who had college and university education, elderly, farmers, and those employed and living in a rural setting were found to be more likely to be vaccinated than other comparison groups in the categories analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This facility-based cross-sectional study showed a higher COVID-19 vaccination rate (63.3%) among PLHIV compared to the general population. This could be explained by efforts by both public and private sectors to promote COVID-19 vaccination among PLHIV have had a positive impact on vaccination uptake. However, to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) target of 60% vaccination coverage, additional tailored interventions are required. These should include specific strategies that could be effective in urban areas, expanding vaccination a","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time series modelling and forecasting of mpox incidence and mortality in Nigeria.","authors":"Emmanuel Afolabi Bakare, Oluwaseun Akinlo Mogbojuri, Dolapo Oluwaseun Oniyelu, Afeez Abidemi, Deborah Oluwatobi Daniel, Idowu Isaac Olasupo, Samuel Abidemi Osikoya, Aaron Onyebuchi Nwana, Ronke Dorcas Olorunfemi, Samson Oluwafemi Olagbami","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11174-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11174-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) twice, in response to the global outbreak, first in May 2022 and again in August 2024, after a span of 2 years and 3 months. African countries continue to be a hotspot for the ongoing mpox outbreaks and Nigeria has contributed substantially in exporting the virus to other countries, highlighting the need for an in-depth analysis of outbreak patterns and forecasting to inform public health policy. This study used the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to perform a 14-month forecast of mpox cases and mortality in Nigeria using mpox monthly routine data. The data were split into two portions; 70% for training, used to estimate the parameters of the forecasting model and 30% for testing, used to evaluate the model's accuracy. Wavelet analysis was used to decompose the time series into its various frequency components, enabling a multi-resolution analysis of the data. The ARIMA model forecasted an average of 13 mpox cases per month and zero mortality over a 14-month period. The wavelet power spectrum revealed a strong annual cycle between June 2022 and June 2023. In order to sustain the forecasted downward trend in mpox cases in the coming months, it is essential that the National Mpox Technical Working Group (TWG) of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) continue to coordinate scale up of vaccine coverage and improve surveillance especially in high risk area. The findings will ultimately improve focused interventions and knowledge of mpox outbreak patterns by guiding public health policy, allocating resources optimally, and preparing health systems for potential outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the clinical characteristics of 100 patients who developed tuberculosis after renal transplantation.","authors":"Qian Su, Jie Xiao, Zhou Peng, Liang Zhou, Juan Wang, Yingfeng Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11197-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11197-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in kidney transplant recipients is difficult, and TB is one of the major infectious disease-related causes of morbidity and death in transplant recipients. This study analyzed the characteristics of patients who developed TB after renal transplantation in an effort to improve the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study examined 100 patients who developed TB after kidney transplantation, and received treatment at the Hunan Chest Hospital from January 2014 to January 2024. The clinical characteristics of patients were examined, including general condition, date of TB onset, clinical manifestations, site of TB, immunological indicators, method of etiological detection, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Secondary pulmonary TB was the most common diagnosis overall (n = 76), and abdominal TB was the most common type of extrapulmonary TB (n = 8). Eighty-eight patients were tested by the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA); 72 (81.8%) had positive results, 13 (14.8%) had negative results, and 3 (3.4%) had uncertain results. Twenty-six patients received the tuberculin skin test (TST); 7 (26.9%) had positive results and 19 (73.1%) had negative results. The overall etiological detection rate was 58.0%. Analysis of factors associated with outcome showed that patients who received an intensive phase regimen of isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + moxifloxacin were more likely to achieve cure than those who received an intensive phase regimen of isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + pyrazinamide (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients who develop TB after renal transplantation have atypical symptoms and imaging findings. In addition to conventional detection methods, the IGRA, TST, and invasive examinations may aid in diagnosis. An intensive-phase anti-TB regimen of isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + moxifloxacin appeared to provide a better prognosis in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of cirrhosis concurrent with NK/T-Cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a clinical report and literature review.","authors":"Delei Li, Xu Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11179-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11179-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies for cirrhosis concurrent with NK/T-cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic insights into this rare disease with triple comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and diagnostic-therapeutic workflow of a patient admitted to our hospital in August 2024 with cirrhosis, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and HLH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of our hospital with cirrhosis of unknown origin. Laboratory findings demonstrated trilineage cytopenia, coagulopathy, deranged blood biochemistry, markedly elevated ferritin, and hypercytokinemia. Serological testing confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody positivity, while molecular assays detected high EBV DNA loads. Bone marrow cytomorphology and cervical lymph node histopathology corroborated NK/T-cell lymphoma with HLH. Whole-body PET/CT revealed multifocal lymph node involvement. Following multidisciplinary evaluation, the patient underwent hematology-directed management combining hepatoprotective therapy, antimicrobials, and chemotherapy (gemcitabine/oxaliplatin/mitoxantrone liposome), stabilizing disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-occurrence of cirrhosis, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and HLH represents a rare clinical entity with a grim prognosis. This case highlights the necessity of early recognition and coordinated multidisciplinary interventions to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}