BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The origin and transmission of HIV-1 CRF80_0107 among two major first-tier cities in China.","authors":"Xiaorui Wang, Bo Zhu, Hanping Li, Jingwan Han, Xiaolin Wang, Lei Jia, Bohan Zhang, Jingyun Li, Linding Wang, Yongjian Liu, Hongling Wen, Lin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10461-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10461-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC are the two most prevalent HIV-1 genotypes in China, and the co-circulation of these two genotypes has led to the continuous generation of CRF_0107 viruses in recent years. However, little is known about the origin and spread of CRF_0107 viruses thus far. This study focused on HIV-1 CRF80_0107, which we previously identified among the MSM population in Beijing and Hebei Province, to explore the demographic distribution, transmission links, and temporal-spatial evolutionary features of the HIV-1 CRF80_0107 strain in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With the partial pol region fragment of the HIV-1 CRF80_0107 subtype standard sequence as a reference, BLAST was used to search for highly similar sequences in the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database, followed by preliminary subtype identification via COMET. Further phylogenetic and recombination breakpoint analyses were conducted to verify the subtypes and recombination patterns. We also performed a distance-based molecular network analysis to identify potential relationships among different HIV-positive individuals. In addition, spatiotemporal evolutionary dynamics analysis of the candidate CRF80_0107 sequences was performed via a Bayesian approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 partial pol gene sequences of HIV-1 CRF80_0107 were identified from 2009 to 2018 from 5 provinces in China. Phylogenetic and spatial-temporal dynamics analyses indicated that CRF80_0107 likely originated in Beijing around 2009 and spread to Guangdong Province around 2012. Population dynamics analysis revealed that CRF80_0107 experienced a significant increase in population size from 2009 to 2011 and then stabilized. The study also found that the number of cases in Guangdong Province was second only to that in Beijing and formed 2 relatively independent transmission clusters in the MSM population in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HIV-1 CRF80_0107 strain has spread to cities beyond its origin, particularly the MSM population in Shenzhen city, Guangdong Province, which is an area with a high incidence of HIV. This highlights the importance of continuous monitoring for the emergence and dynamic changes of novel HIV-1 recombinant viruses and the necessity of implementing effective preventive measures targeting specific populations in particular regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain characteristics of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in Changping District, Beijing, China.","authors":"Xiaolong Cao, Zexuan Song, Ping He, Xinyue Li, Nan Lei, Qian Sun, Xue Wang, Ruida Xing, Bing Zhao, Xinyu Yang, Zhiguo Zhang, Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10470-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10470-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), However, limited research exists on their clinical and strain characteristics. This study aims to investigate the correlation between these factors in TB-DM patients in Changping District.  METHODS: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed on culture-positive strains. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine risk factors and the correlation between lineage, cavities, and hemoptysis in the TB-DM population. The specificity, sensitivity, and confidence intervals for predicting phenotypic drug resistance based on genotypic resistance were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 3924 TB patients, 292 had DM, showing a doubling in the proportion of TB patients with DM over seven years. Among the 144 etiologically positive TB-DM cases treated at the Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, 75% (108/144) of the patients exhibited tuberculosis lesions that formed cavities and 12.5% (18/144) with hemoptysis. A statistically significant difference in cavity formation across different age groups was observed (r = -0.198, P < 0.05). Out of the 144 etiologically positive patients, WGS successfully revived 73 MTB strains, with Lineage 2 being predominant. No statistical difference was found between lineages and the presence of cavities or hemoptysis. The DST results showed the highest resistance rates to isoniazid and streptomycin, both at 8.2% (6/73), with approximately one-quarter of the strains resistant to at least one anti-TB drug, and about half (47.1%, 8/17) resistant to first-line drugs. The study demonstrated good specificity but suboptimal sensitivity in predicting phenotypic drug resistance based on genotypic resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rising incidence of diabetes in tuberculosis patients within Changping District has intensified the spread of TB, with these patients demonstrating severe illness and high drug resistance. This study aims to develop targeted prevention and management strategies, offering crucial guidance for treating co-infections of TB and DM and controlling disease spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of HIV infection and hospitalization among mpox cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Muhammed Shabil, Shilpa Gaidhane, R Roopashree, Mandeep Kaur, Manish Srivastava, Amit Barwal, G V Siva Prasad, Pranchal Rajput, Rukshar Syed, Anoop Dev, Danish Kundra, Ambanna Yappalparvi, Prakasini Satapathy, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Harish Kumar, Renu Sah, Ganesh Bushi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10512-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10512-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease that has seen a resurgence in recent years, with outbreaks reaching beyond its traditional endemic zones in Central and West Africa to parts of Europe and North America. The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and mpox outcomes, particularly hospitalization rates, remains underexplored despite the known immunosuppressive effects of HIV. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between HIV infection and the likelihood of hospitalization in mpox cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up until August 10, 2024. The eligibility criteria focused on observational studies that evaluated hospitalization rates among mpox cases, distinguishing between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for evaluating study quality. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model to accommodate expected study heterogeneity using R software (V. 4.4).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 686 records, with 14 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria after screenings and full-text assessments. The pooled analysis revealed a 56.6% increased risk of hospitalization among HIV-positive mpox cases compared to HIV-negative individuals (95% CI: 18.0-107.7%). Notable heterogeneity (I² = 76%) was observed, likely reflecting variations in study settings and methodologies. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings, and no significant publication bias was detected (Egger's test p-value = 0.733).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV infection is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of hospitalization in mpox cases. There is a critical need for integrated care and enhanced surveillance, especially in populations with high HIV prevalence. Our findings emphasize the importance of ongoing research to better understand HIV and mpox co-infection and to refine management strategies for this vulnerable group. Future studies should focus on long-term outcomes and the effectiveness of various management strategies across different healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic measures on hospitalizations and epidemiological patterns of twelve respiratory pathogens in children with acute respiratory infections in southern China.","authors":"Wei Wang, Xiaojuan Luo, Zhenmin Ren, Xiaoying Fu, Yunsheng Chen, WenJian Wang, Yanmin Bao, Yuejie Zheng, Ke Cao, Jiehua Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10463-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10463-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic measures on hospitalizations and the alterations and persistence of the epidemiological patterns of 12 common respiratory pathogens in children during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the cessation of the \"zero-COVID-19\" policy in southern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Respiratory specimens were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2024. Twelve common respiratory pathogens were detected using multiplex PCR. Data on demographic characteristics, pathogen detection rates, epidemiological patterns, co-infections, and ICU admission rates were compared between the 'during COVID-19' period (Phase 1: January 2020 to December 2022) and the 'post COVID-19' period (Phase 2: January 2023 to June 2024).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Phase 2, there was a significant increase in average annual cases, with a higher median age of affected children, higher pathogen detection rates, and increased co-infection rates compared to Phase 1. The epidemiological patterns of most pathogens were altered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Human Parainfluenza Virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Bocavirus (HBOV), and Human Coronavirus remained active during Phase 1, while Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and Adenovirus (ADV) were low, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) lacked a seasonal peak in 2022. In Phase 2, Mp, ADV, and RSV experienced outbreaks, with Mp's high prevalence continuing into 2024. RSV showed out-of-season epidemics for two consecutive years. Influenza A (H1N1), Influenza A (H3N2), and InfB lost their seasonal patterns during Phase 1 but reemerged and regained their seasonal characteristics in 2023-2024. ICU admission rates did not significantly differ between the two phases, except for HBOV, which had higher rates in Phase 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The epidemiological patterns of various respiratory pathogens were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to varying degrees. Pathogens suppressed during the pandemic experienced outbreaks or out-of-season epidemics after the lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions, with Mp and RSV continuing into the second year and HBOV associated ICU admission rates increasing in the post-pandemic era. Continuous monitoring of these patterns is essential to understand the duration of these effects and to inform effective response strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide representative serosurvey of third-grade school children to evaluate the hepatitis B vaccination impact in Kyrgyzstan, 2022.","authors":"Michael Brandl, Gulnara Zhumagulova, Gulbara Ishenapysova, Zuridin Nurmatov, Tatiana Enverovna Kuchuk, Nurzhan Zamirbekova, Gulsunai Sattarova, Saikal Temirbekova, Zhanara Bekenova, Martyna Gassowski, Liudmila Mosina, Antons Mozalevskis, Sandra Dudareva, Siddhartha Sankar Datta","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10491-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10491-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kyrgyzstan introduced universal hepatitis B childhood vaccination in 1999 to reduce the burden of hepatitis B. In 2016, aligned with the goal of controlling hepatitis B in the WHO European Region, a regional target of 0.5% was set for seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among targeted birth cohorts. We conducted a representative nationwide serosurvey to assess the HBsAg prevalence among third-grade school children in Kyrgyzstan in 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We sampled numbers of children proportional to the population size and stratified the sample by region and urbanization level (urban/rural). We applied multistage cluster sampling with school classes as clusters. Identified participants in the survey were tested for HBsAg, using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and positive samples confirmed with neutralization tests. Data on vaccination coverage for hepatitis B birth dose (HepB BD), including timing, and three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) were collected from medical vaccination records. We calculated crude and weighted proportions for HBsAg seroprevalence and HepB BD and HepB3 coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the target sample size of 3,352 children, a total of 3,183 children (95%) participated in the survey. The majority of children were 9 or 10 years old (2,964; 93%) with almost equal numbers of girls and boys (1,606; 50% boys) and rural and urban participants (1,624; 51% urban). Five participants tested positive for HBsAg in confirmatory tests. The weighted HBsAg seroprevalence was 0.12% (95% CI 0.04-0.35%). Weighted coverage for HepB BD was 88% (95% CI 86-90%) and for HepB3 90% (95% CI 86-93%). Results from crude and weighted analysis did not differ statistically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates the impact of a successfully implemented hepatitis B vaccination programme in Kyrgyzstan. High hepatitis B vaccination coverage has resulted in very low HBsAg seroprevalence among vaccinated birth cohorts, paving the way towards the achievement of regional hepatitis B control targets. Maintaining high vaccination uptake plus additional measures like screening of pregnant women and treatment of those infected will be key to achieve elimination of vertical transmission of hepatitis B in Kyrgyzstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inherited metabolic diseases are a potent risk factor for cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric living donor liver transplantation.","authors":"Kentaro Ushijima, Yukihiro Sanada, Shinya Otomo, Keiko Ogaki, Taiichi Wakiya, Noriki Okada, Yuta Hirata, Toshio Horiuchi, Takahiko Omameuda, Kiichiro Takadra, Ryosuke Akimoto, Yasuharu Onishi, Yasunaru Sakuma, Koichi Mizuta","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10507-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10507-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major infectious complication in solid-organ transplant recipients, particularly in the context of pediatric liver transplantation. CMV serostatus is a well-established risk factor for postoperative CMV infection, with CMV seronegative recipients who receive organs from seropositive donors (D+/R-) being at the highest risk. Our previous research indicated a higher incidence of CMV infection in recipients with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) compared with those with biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to determine whether IMDs constitute an independent risk factor for postoperative CMV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 IMD and 230 BA recipients. We collected information on the occurrence and timing of episodes of CMV infections, methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy, patient characteristics, and peri- and postoperative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable analysis identified mPSL pulse therapy (Odds Ratio (OR): 4.43), CMV serostatus (D+/R-) (OR: 6.03), and underlying IMDs (OR: 3.28) as independent risk factors for CMV infection. Further stratified analysis, which considered the timing of CMV infection diagnosis relative to mPSL pulse therapy, confirmed that CMV serostatus with (D+/R-) (OR: 5.61) and underlying IMDs (OR: 2.83) remained independent predictors of CMV infection, even when excluding the influence of mPSL pulse therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that IMDs are a potent independent risk factor for CMV infection following pediatric liver transplantation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of Plasmodium vivax malaria infection in children and adolescents in the Republic of Korea during the period 2000 to 2016: a retrospective study.","authors":"Jung Ah Lee, Je Eun Song, Seong Yeon Park, Yoon Soo Park, Yoonseon Park, Yee Gyung Kwak, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyun-Il Shin, Joon-Sup Yeom","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10501-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10501-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria is in the pre-elimination phase in the Republic of Korea (ROK), it continues to affect children and adolescents, who account for approximately 4-6% of the 300 to 500 annual cases. Despite this, research focusing on P. vivax malaria in this particular population remains limited. This study investigates the clinical characteristics of pediatric P. vivax malaria in the ROK from 2000 to 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients aged 0-18 years, diagnosed with P. vivax malaria in five hospitals in Goyang City and Seoul. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, treatment regimens, and outcomes were collected. Statistical analyses were performed for comparisons between severe and non-severe cases, across age groups, and assessing trends over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 156 pediatric cases of indigenous P. vivax malaria were diagnosed. The median patient age was 13 years (men: 64.7%). Severe malaria occurred in 13.5% patients, predominantly in adolescents aged 15-18 years. The most common severe manifestations were jaundice (57.1%) and anemia (33.3%). In the ROK, the treatment regimen for pediatric P. vivax malaria involves oral administration of chloroquine at a dose of 25 mg base/kg divided over 3 days, followed by primaquine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg for 14 days. Although all patients received chloroquine, a higher proportion of younger patients received a dose less than 25 mg/kg (87.5%, 85.5%, and 58.6% of those aged 0-4, 5-14, and 15-18 years, respectively; p < 0.001). Parasite clearance time (PCT) increased over the years, suggesting a potential decline in the chloroquine sensitivity of P. vivax. No deaths or significant long-term complications were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric P. vivax malaria showed a low incidence of severe cases and no mortality in the ROK. Underdosing of antimalarial drugs was observed, underscoring the need for educating healthcare providers to ensure appropriate dosing. Increasing PCT highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of drug efficacy in this population. Further research on the evolving sensitivity of P. vivax and improved treatment protocols is thus essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new pathogen pattern of acute respiratory tract infections in primary care after COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-center study in southern China.","authors":"Heng Zhang, Deqi Meng, Hao Huang, Longhao Feng, Yushao Li, Yong Jiang, Ling Wang, Ruoyu Deng, Yuchun Sun, Binqin Chen, Fuzhao Liao, Yumei Wu, Huancai Zheng, Junling Ding, Maokun Chen, Cui Zeng, Wanting Zhao, Meng Hou, Yinyan Li, Zhishen Li, Haibo Xia, Kai Yang, Lingwei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10500-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10500-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, no studies on bacterial and atypical pathogens were conducted in primary care. We aimed to describe the etiological composition of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) presenting to primary care with limited resources after the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1958 adult patients with ARTIs from 17 primary care clinics were recruited prospectively from January 2024 to March 2024. 17 and 62 pathogens in throat swab samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), respectively. We analyzed the pathogen spectrum and co-infectious pattern of viral, bacterial or atypical pathogens. Then, the associations between clinical characteristics and pathogens were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In PCR test, the positive rate of any pathogens was 80.3%, consisting of 60.2% for viruses, 41.8% for bacteria and 21.7% for viral-bacterial co-infection. In tNGS test, the positive rate was 89.1%, consisting of 64.7% for viruses, 55.2% for bacteria and 30.9% for viral-bacterial co-infection. Influenza virus B (18.2%), influenza virus A (16.8%) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (14.1%) were the three leading viral pathogens, and H. influenzae (36.1%), S. anginosus (15.7%) and S. pneumoniae (8.4%) were the three leading bacterial pathogens. Few M. pneumoniae (1.6%) were detected. The mixed bacterial or mixed viral-bacterial co-infections were the most common co-infectious patterns. The mixed bacterial or mixed viral-bacterial co-infections were the most common co-infectious patterns. Overall, patients with viral infection or viral-bacterial co-infection had more clinical symptoms, and patients with bacterial infection had higher inflammatory indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After the COVID-19 pandemic, the main viral pathogens of ARTIs were unevenly distributed, and less bacterial and atypical pathogens were detected in primary care. The microbiological evidences can optimize the precision diagnosis and treatment of ARTIs in primary care with limited resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes of Group B Streptococcus colonization: a retrospective study.","authors":"Guixiu Jin, Lanhua Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Junling Fei, Zhenling Zhu, Ziyan Jiang, Min Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10510-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10510-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is one of the major causes of severe neonatal infections. The study was intended to identify GBS colonization in pregnant women, explore its potential risk factors, and analyze the impact of GBS on outcomes for both mothers and newborns.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective research was carried out on pregnant women who had undergone GBS screening and delivered from June 2020 to December 2022. Pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation had GBS screening using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The clinical characteristics and outcomes of mothers and newborns were collected. The risk factors linked to maternal GBS colonization and its impact on adverse outcomes for mothers and neonates were assessed using chi-square and logistic regression analyses. The composite neonatal adverse outcomes included low Apgar scores, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal sepsis, or low birth weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the rate of GBS positivity was 10.63% (551/5183), and the rate of maternal GBS screening was 88.4%. Diabetic pregnant women were more likely to become colonized with GBS. Our research revealed that GBS carriers experienced higher rates of fetal distress and neonatal adverse outcomes than non-GBS carriers. Fetal distress (OR, 1.940; 95% CI, 1.355 to 2.778, P < 0.001), neonatal sepsis (OR, 5.063; 95% CI, 2.536-10.109, P < 0.001), low Apgar scores (OR, 2.097; 95% CI, 1.184-3.715, P = 0.011), neonatal pneumonia (OR, 1.638; 95% CI, 1.039 to 2.582, P = 0.034) and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (OR, 1.438; 95% CI, 1.080 to 1.915, P = 0.013) were significantly related to maternal GBS colonization. When we used the composite adverse neonatal outcomes as the dependent variable and analyzed the influencing factors, the logistic regression analysis revealed that GBS colonization was still significantly related to an elevated risk of adverse neonatal outcomes (OR = 1.752, 95% CI, 1.389-2.208; P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diabetes may be a risk factor for maternal GBS colonization. Moreover, in this study, GBS colonization correlated with neonatal adverse outcomes but not with maternal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and cluster characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China, 2013-2023.","authors":"Shu-Zhen Deng, Xiao-Yu Liu, Jian-Juan Su, Ling-Hui Xiang, Li-Tao Chang, Jun-Jie Zhu, Hai-Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10403-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10403-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Yunnan Province, located in the southwestern part of China and neighboring endemic dengue regions of Southeast Asia, has experienced annual autochthonous outbreaks of dengue fever from 2013 to 2023. This study examines the epidemiological and spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of dengue within the province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyse outbreak characteristics. Excel 2019 and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used to establish a case database and for mapping. Spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal clustering analysis were employed to study the features of spatial clustering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013 to 2023, 30,666 dengue cases were reported in Yunnan Province, of which 22,806 (74.37%) were indigenous and 7,860 (25.63%) were imported. Imported cases from Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam were reported each year, with indigenous outbreaks occurring from June to December. The majority of cases occurred among young adults, mainly farmers, service workers, homemakers, and the unemployed. There was a significant temporal and spatial clustering of dengue incidence, with intense local clustering in the southwestern border areas of the province from July to November, particularly in Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Lincang, Pu'er, and Honghe prefectures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Autochthonous outbreaks of dengue fever in Yunnan Province occurred predominantly in the border areas adjacent to Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. The largest outbreak in the province's history occurred in 2023, related to the increase in imported cases following the reopening of borders after the COVID-19 pandemic. Dengue fever is considered primarily an imported disease in Yunnan, emphasizing the need for enhanced control of cross-border transmission and mosquito vector management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}