BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of antibiotic prophylaxis post cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Sarah Aljohani, Lama Alfehaid, Meshary Almeshary, Hind Almodaimegh, Majed Almutairi, Sultan Al Raddadi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13516-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13516-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) manage arrhythmias and prevent sudden cardiac death, but related infections are rising. Pre-implantation antibiotics lower infection rates, while postoperative use is debated.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate current postoperative prophylactic antibiotic practices and CIED infection rates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective cohort study at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, included adults > 18 who underwent CIED implantation from 2017 to 2022. The primary outcome measured infection rates post-antibiotic prophylaxis. Data were analyzed using Stata 18.5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 200 patients, predominantly male (62%), with a median age of 64 years. Common comorbidities included hypertension (71.5%), diabetes (65.5%), and heart failure (64%). All patients received pre-operative antibiotics, primarily cefazolin (88.4%) and vancomycin (6.5%). Most patients (95%) received postoperative antibiotics, most commonly amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.6%), while 14% received combination therapy. Among patients who received postoperative antibiotics (n = 190), 1 definite infection (0.5%) and 3 possible infections (1.5%) were observed, with no infections identified among those who did not receive postoperative antibiotics (n = 10). Regarding duration, possible infections occurred in 1.0% of patients receiving antibiotics for more than 7 days and 2.3% of those receiving 7 days or less. In the regimen analysis, definite infection occurred in 0.6% of patients receiving single-agent therapy and none in those receiving combination therapy. Given the low number of events, these findings are descriptive and should be interpreted as exploratory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prophylactic antibiotics for 7 days or less, or a single agent, was not associated with a detectable difference in infection rates. A larger prospective study including patients not receiving prophylactic antibiotics post-implantation is needed to distinguish infection rates between those who did and did not receive them.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mapping of bedaquiline-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review.","authors":"Hanie Sakhi, Maryam Meskini, Mojgan Sheikhpour","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13171-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13171-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest bacterial infectious diseases worldwide, with rising cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. Bedaquiline (BDQ)-containing regimens have become important for the treatment of MDR/XDR-TB, and resistance to BDQ is increasing. Understanding genetic mutations is crucial for early detection of BDQ-resistant strains and thus maintaining the effectiveness of these drugs. This study aimed to review mutations associated with BDQ-resistant TB globally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study systematically searched the keywords TB, XDR, MDR, BDQ, and genes in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies reporting BDQ-resistant TB and their associated genes globally from 2014 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This systematic review included 40 studies and 25,234 patient samples with MDR and XDR-TB from around the world. Results showed significant variation in BDQ resistance across the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, with the highest in the Eastern Mediterranean and the lowest in the Western Pacific. Furthermore, the data collected showed that, among the continents studied, resistance was highest in Africa and lowest in the Americas. The country distribution showed that resistance rates were higher in Iran (n = 24), Moldova (n = 26), and Armenia (n = 35), and lower in Italy (n = 1001) and the Philippines (n = 724) than in other countries in the analysis. Genetically, the most resistance-associated mutations were observed in the Rv0678, atpE, and pepQ genes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the increasing BDQ resistance and regional variability, it is essential to develop early detection systems, genomic surveillance, robust drug policy enforcement, and rapid diagnostics to maintain treatment effectiveness and curb the spread of resistance. Future research should focus on elucidating resistance mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The short-term effect of particulate matter on tuberculosis: a time-series study in southern China.","authors":"Yuhui Chen, Shanshan Huang, Lilian Zeng, Guanhai Li, Keer Ou, Huiying Feng, Xing Li, Anqi Liang, Jianpeng Xiao, Liang Chen, Jiawen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13369-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13369-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although increasing evidence suggests an association between particulate matter (PM) and tuberculosis (TB), epidemiological studies in southern China remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Daily tuberculosis (TB) case numbers, air pollution, and meteorological data for four cities (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan and Jiangmen) in southern China during 2015-2019 were collected. A two-stage analytical approach was used to evaluate the association between PM and TB incidence, with stratification by sex, age, disease severity, and city.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101,567 TB cases were reported in four cities. The relationships between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ and TB incidence were approximately linear, with the highest risk observed at a cumulative lag of 0-2 days (lag02). Each 10ug/m³ increase in PM_2.5 was associated with a 0.84% (95%CI: 0.28%,1.41%) increase in TB incidence, which exceeded the corresponding risk for PM₁₀ (0.71%, 95%CI: 0.26%, 1.15%). The effect of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on TB incidence appeared to be greater among females, younger individuals, patients with non-severe TB, and residents of Guangzhou and Shenzhen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term exposure to ambient PM may significantly increase TB incidence risk in southern China. These findings provide scientific evidence to support the development of integrated TB prevention and air quality management strategies.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of blood transfusion-transmitted infections in donated blood.","authors":"Collince Odiwuor Ogolla, Bernard Guyah, Apollo O Maima","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13366-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13366-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood transfusions which save lives through their essential function bring infection risks to users especially in areas with limited medical resources.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The research study aimed to determine the main factors that cause blood transfusion-transmitted infections in donated blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study among voluntary blood donors. Blood tests were conducted on samples from the study to detect common transfusion-transmitted infections which included Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) HIV Syphilis and Malaria. Data on demographic characteristics and health history information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors for association with TTI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study discovered that TTIs exist in low levels because they found Hepatitis B in 1.85% of samples and Malaria in 2.78% of samples. The study identified three main risk factors which led to transfusion infections through previous surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1), multiple blood donations (OR = 1.8), and unscreened donor history (OR = 3.4). The research identified three main factors which determine blood transfusion infection risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of better donor screening processes together with educational programs and infection control strategies will effectively decrease the risk associated with transfusions.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical risk factors and predictive value of thin-section CT for bronchial mucus plugs in pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.","authors":"Liming Li, Zhiliang Zhang, Fang Yuan, Chunhui Song, Haiyan Chen, Yanjie Wang, Yongjuan Wang, Kun Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13513-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13513-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchial mucus plugs in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) are often associated with severe clinical presentations, but diagnosing this condition currently depends largely on invasive bronchoscopy. This study aimed to identify clinical risk factors for mucus plug formation and to evaluate the predictive value of chest thin-section CT imaging features in diagnosing bronchial mucus plugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 186 children (aged 3-15 years) diagnosed with MPP at the Department of Pediatrics, the Hospital of 82nd Group Army PLA, between May 2023 to June 2024. All patients underwent chest thin-section CT and bronchoscopy. Based on bronchoscopic findings, participants were divided into a mucus plug group (n = 54, 29%) and a non-mucus plug group (n = 132, 71%). Clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers (blood counts, C-reactive protein [CRP], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), and CT imaging features (bronchial obstruction, bronchiolitis, lung consolidation) were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors. Patients were further classified into radiological mucus plug (n = 59) and non-mucus plug (n = 127) groups based on CT-detected bronchial obstruction. Consistency between CT and bronchoscopy results was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the diagnostic performance of CT features and D-dimer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in age, lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, peak body temperature, bronchial obstruction, bronchiolitis, and lung consolidation (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified elevated D-dimer (P = 0.050, OR = 2.048, 95% CI: 1.000-4.195) as an independent risk factor, and bronchial obstruction on CT(P < 0.001, OR = 31.339, 95% CI: 9.922-98.985) as a strong independent predictor for the presence of bronchial mucus plugs. ROC analysis: Bronchial obstruction: AUC = 0.838 (sensitivity: 79.6%, specificity: 87.9%, PPV: 72.9%, NPV: 91.3%). D-dimer: AUC = 0.692 (sensitivity: 56.6%, specificity: 81.7%). lung Consolidation: AUC = 0.643 (sensitivity: 57.4%, specificity: 73.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated D-dimer is an independent risk factor, while bronchial obstruction on thin-section CT is a reliable predictive imaging marker for bronchial mucus plugs in pediatric MPP. Bronchial obstruction on CT offers high diagnostic accuracy, especially with its strong specificity and negative predictive value, supporting its role as a non-invasive tool to guide clinical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and 28-day outcomes of sepsis associated with klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: a single-center retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Sheng Huang, Sun Yu, Bin Pan, Xiaoping Yang, Jun Sha, Yilan Wang, Chunyang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13481-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13481-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing strains, is associated with high mortality and limited treatment options. However, data regarding dynamic organ dysfunction and prognostic factors in this population remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of sepsis due to KPC-producing versus non-KPC-producing Enterobacterales and to identify independent predictors of 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 320 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis and microbiologically confirmed Enterobacterales infection (January-December 2024) were included. Patients were classified as KPC (n = 210) or non-KPC (n = 110) using the NG-Test CARBA 5 assay, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation when available. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality from sepsis onset. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The KPC group had significantly higher 28-day mortality than the non-KPC group (35.2% vs. 23.6%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-3.00, P = 0.030). KPC infection remained independently associated with mortality after adjustment (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02-2.44, P = 0.04). Additional independent risk factors included higher Day-1 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (aOR = 1.08), elevated lactate level (aOR = 1.12), and inadequate early antimicrobial therapy (aOR = 1.69; all P < 0.05). In the KPC subgroup, ΔSOFA, positive fluid balance, and low albumin levels were also associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sepsis caused by KPC-producing Enterobacterales is associated with more severe organ dysfunction and increased short-term mortality. Early administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, along with optimized organ support and fluid management, may improve clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection among under-five children in urban-rural Somalia: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sahardid Hussein Ibrahim, Zhongliang Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13397-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13397-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhea are major public health concerns among children under-five years of age. Somalia has one of the highest under-five mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa, with diarrhea and ARI accounting for most deaths. No national studies have explicitly assessed the determinants of diarrhea and ARI among children in urban and rural settings. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea and ARI among children under-five in urban and rural Somalia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) of 7732 under-five-year-old children with complete responses to the variables studied. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the respondents' characteristics. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of diarrhea and ARI. We present our findings as adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. We employed sample weights, stratification, and clustering to account for the sampling design of the SHDS. We adhered to the STROBE checklist for manuscript reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ARI was 10.7% and 12.2% in urban and rural areas, respectively, whereas that of diarrhea was 8.8% and 11.0%, respectively. Residence in the North-West, child age of 0-23 months, prelacteal feeding, maternal age of 15-24 and 25-34 years, no media exposure, and belonging to a poor wealth index were significantly associated with higher odds of diarrhea and ARI among under-fives. Being the first child in birth order, average size at birth, institutional delivery, antenatal care visits, and improved sources of drinking water and sanitation facilities were significantly associated with lower odds of diarrhea and ARI among children aged under-five years in an urban-rural setting in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diarrhea and ARI morbidity in children are significant health challenges in urban and rural areas of Somalia. Public health interventions aimed at high-risk regions, young mothers, impoverished households, home deliveries, and unsanitary use of drinking water and sanitation facilities are crucial for reducing the burden of diarrhea and ARI in children under-five years of age in Somalia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective treatment of scabetic nodules with thalidomide: a 5-year retrospective case series.","authors":"Rong-Jing Dong, You-Wang Lu, Li-Juan Cao, Qi Li, Yi-Qun Kuang, Yu-Ye Li","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13149-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13149-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scabetic nodules are a cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to scabies mites and their byproducts, often accompanied by persistent pruritus. These nodules remain a therapeutic challenge due to the lack of effective treatments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of thalidomide for genital scabetic nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective evaluation of thalidomide treatment (50-200 mg/day for 2-3 consecutive weeks) in 38 male patients with genital nodular scabies who had previously been infested with scabies mites and were left with persistent pruritic nodules on the genitals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38 male patients (age range: 18-40 years; mean age: 28.2 ± 5.79 years) with post scabetic nodules were included. Some of them had been refractory to other forms of therapy. Of the 38 patients, 28 patients (73.7%) showed nodule resolution after 2 weeks of treatment. A significant reduction in the number of nodules was observed at the end of the three-week treatment period (P < 0.05), and there was no sign of relapsing. Meanwhile, after two weeks of thalidomide treatment, the patient's pruritus symptoms significantly improved, manifested as a significant decrease in VAS (P < 0.05), and after three weeks of treatment, VAS further significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Infrequent adverse events, including rash, mild dizziness, and/or drowsiness, occurred in nine patients and resolved after drug withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thalidomide may be a promising option for treating refractory scabies nodules.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polio transition in the African Region: progress, challenges and prospects for health systems integration.","authors":"Terna Nomhwange, Samafilan Ainan, Modjirom Nduotabe, Usman Adamu, Ogonna Chinwike, Kennedy Adejoh, Sule Adamu, Christopher Kamugisha, Ticha Johnson, Casimir Manengu, Gedi Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13357-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13357-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has made substantial progress towards global eradication of polio. As regions, including Africa, approach the final stages of this goal, countries must ensure that essential polio functions are sustained and effectively integrated into national health systems. To support this transition, the World Health Organization(WHO), through its regional offices, has guided countries using the Polio Transition Global Vision and its Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. This paper reviews progress made in transition planning across 15 polio transition priority countries in the WHO African Region and anticipated challenges, opportunities, and prospects for integrating polio assets and essential functions into broader health systems.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A secondary review of polio transition indicator performance across 15 priority countries in the African region was conducted using programme data from 2015 to 2024(or years with available data). Trends were assessed across indicators defined in the Polio Transition M&E Framework, including routine immunization coverage, emergency preparedness capacities and domestic health financing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the past decade, none of the 15 priority countries consistently achieved ≥ 90% routine polio containing vaccine coverage. Only Burkina Faso and Kenya have been closest to these coverage levels in the region. Timely shipment of polio samples remains a consistent challenge, particularly in countries where GPEI support has declined. The regional International Health Regulations(IHR) average capacity score remains suboptimal, averaging 51, below the global score over the last 10 years. These underscore weaknesses in epidemic preparedness and response capacities. These weaknesses, within a broader context of low domestic health prioritization, as reflected in national health accounts, further constrain transition readiness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Progress on polio transition in the African region remains limited, with gaps in immunization, emergency preparedness and financing, gaps made riskier by declining donor support. To protect Polio eradication gains, countries must strengthen transition planning, improve coordination amongst partners and increase domestic health investments. Successful implementation of country national plans can only be achieved with increased domestic financing through innovative funding models, improved polio transition governance, and integration strategies towards safeguarding polio gains and reinforcing broader health system resilience for a polio free world.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple co-infections and risk of severe outcomes in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection.","authors":"Bing Huang, Shuying Wang, Yingxue Zou","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13522-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13522-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize co-infections in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and evaluate their association with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 5, 586 children hospitalized with RSV infection at Tianjin Children's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2023. Patients were grouped by co-infection status: RSV alone, RSV with viral co-infection, RSV with bacterial co-infection, RSV with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) co-infection, and RSV with multiple co-infections. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and disease severity were compared across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5, 586 patients, 3, 835 had RSV alone, 476 had viral co-infections, 715 had bacterial co-infections, 312 had MP co-infections, and 248 had multiple co-infections. Children with multiple co-infections were older (median 3 vs. 0.5 years; P < 0.05), had longer fever and illness duration, and showed higher rates of severe pneumonia (all P < 0.05). Viral co-infections were more often associated with wheezing and chest retractions, while bacterial and MP co-infections were characterized by fever and cough.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-infections in RSV-infected children were associated with distinct clinical patterns and differences in disease severity. Multiple co-infections were associated with a higher proportion of severe pneumonia and prolonged illness. Identifying co-infection patterns may help detect high-risk patients early and guide individualized management.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}