BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Negligible clinical impact of subsequent non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolation during MDR/RR-TB treatment: a 9-year retrospective cohort study from Wenzhou, China.","authors":"Qingyong Zheng, Quelu Chen, Wenzhen Zhou, Ouyang Huang, Guiqing He","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11336-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11336-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The frequency of clinical isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is increasing, but its relevance remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the frequency of NTM isolation and its clinical relevance in respiratory specimens from MDR/RR-TB patients in Wenzhou, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of MDR/RR-TB patients with NTM isolated from 2014 to 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. To establish the clinical relevance, the diagnostic criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) published by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2014 and 2022, a total of 922 patients were enrolled, among whom 45 (4.9%) cases yielded NTM isolates, resulting in the isolation of 68 distinct NTM strains. The most prevalent NTM species was M. abscessus, accounting for 36.8% (25/68) of the isolates, followed by M. intracellulare at 22.1% (15/68) and M. avium at 8.8% (6/68). Notably, only five cases (0.54%) met the microbiologic criteria specified in the ATS/IDSA guidelines. Four of these cases received no specific NTM treatment and achieved a favorable prognosis with anti-TB therapy. Remarkably, a single case out of 922 (0.11%) was identified as having concomitant MDR/RR-TB and NTM-PD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical relevance of respiratory NTM isolates in patients with MDR/RR-TB is generally low, with the overwhelming majority of these NTM isolates being either colonizers or contaminants. Consequently, in most cases, those with concomitant NTM isolates do not require specific therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and molecular investigation of a Salmonella Agona-associated foodborne outbreak in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, 2022.","authors":"Jitao Wang, Weidong Zheng, Yuezhen Li, Jihong Xu, Xiaomei Jia, Lin Miao, Junhong Wu, Ping Zhang, Teng An, Yang Xu, Lirong Liang, Xiaohua Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11305-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11305-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>From July 23 to 24, 2022, Qingxu People's Hospital in Taiyuan reported an increase in acute gastroenteritis cases among individuals who had dined together.An investigation was initiated to identify factors associated with acute intestinal infection and to prevent further illness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To isolate, cultivate, and identify pathogens, we collected samples from patients, food, and the environment. The isolated strains underwent multiple tests, including antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Based on the WGS data, analyses were conducted, including serotype prediction, resistance gene prediction, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 samples were collected from Patient 1's residence and the supermarket. These included 2 samples of leftover food from a family gathering, 4 samples of the supermarket environment, and 5 stool samples from 5 patients. Among these, two strains of Salmonella were isolated from the food, and three strains were isolated from the patients' stools. All five strains of Salmonella were identified as Salmonella Agona (S. Agona) and were susceptible to the 15 antibiotics tested. The PFGE banding patterns were identical among the strains. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the isolated strains were all S. Agona of sequence type ST13 and cgMLST type cgST164980. They all carried the resistance genes aac(6')-laa and fosA7. SNP disparities ranged from 0 to 2. In the phylogenetic tree, the five strains of S. Agona isolated clustered closely together.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this investigation of a food poisoning outbreak caused by S. Agona, we employed two key molecular techniques: Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). PFGE provided initial high-resolution DNA fingerprinting to identify bacterial strains and establish their clonal relatedness, offering preliminary but crucial insights into understanding the microbial causes of the epidemic. Subsequently, WGS delivered comprehensive genetic information with unparalleled precision, confirming that the pathogen was S. Agona and revealing its genomic characteristics. The integration of PFGE and WGS results provided strong evidence proving the epidemic was related to S. Agona. This comprehensive approach not only confirmed the etiology of the food poisoning event but also highlighted the power of molecular and genomic tools in modern epidemiological investigations. Our findings emphasize the importance of these techniques in rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens, thereby enabling timely public health interventions and reinforcing food safety measures to prevent similar outbreaks in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages with lytic activity against multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from Nairobi City county, Kenya.","authors":"Michael Mugo, Abednego Musyoki, Angela Makumi, Ivy Mutai, Kelvin Kering, Peter Muturi, Collins Kebenei, Kristin Weber, Michael Pietsch, Tanja Pilz, Oliver Drechsel, Tobias Hoffmann, Lothar Wieler, Cecilia Mbae, Antje Flieger, Samuel Kariuki","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11325-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11325-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) typically cause self-limiting enterocolitis, but can lead to life-threatening invasive diseases, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, multidrug-resistant (MDR) NTS strains with increasing non-susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins pose a growing public health threat. As traditional antimicrobial treatments become less effective, bacteriophages are emerging as a potential alternative. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages targeting MDR and extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Environmental samples were collected from seven sites in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Four NTS bacterial strains were used for phage enrichment, screening, and purification via spot tests and plaque assays. Phage efficacy was assessed in vitro by testing host range and efficiency of plating (EOP) against 12 Salmonella strains isolated in Kenya over different years. Ten selected broad-host-range phages were evaluated for thermal and pH stability and their ability to disrupt pre-formed NTS biofilms. Phage genomes were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform, and analyzed with bioinformatics tools to screen for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), lysogeny, virulence, and allergenic genes. The morphological characteristics of four representative phages were examined using Transmission Electron Microscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty-one phages were isolated, with host ranges varying from lysing one strains to all 12 strains. Ten phages lysed more than 80% of the Salmonella strains and were selected for further characterization. Most phages exhibited high production EOP on at least one bacterial strain, except KE26 and KE28. All phages were stable from - 80 °C to 40 °C and pH 5 to 11, with noticeable but statistically insignificant biofilm disruption. Genome sizes ranged from 23,215 bp to 159,981 bp, and were free of known AMR, lysogeny, or virulence genes. Allergenicity screening identified no allergenic hits across most phages, with exception of KE23, which showed potential allergenic regions in its tail fiber and endolysin proteins. All phages belonged to class Caudoviricetes, with KE23, KE26, and KE28 exhibiting a myovirus-like morphotype, and KE15 displaying a siphovirus morphotype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study identified phages with desirable safety and stability profiles for potential usage against MDR and ESBL-producing NTS infections. Further in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate their therapeutic potential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) typically cause self-limiting enterocolitis but can lead to life-threatening invasive diseases. In Kenya, multidrug-resistant (MDR) NTS strains with increasing nonsusceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins have been reported, posing a significant public health concern that requires u","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scedosporium boydii pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent patient with COPD confirmed by next-generation metagenomic sequencing and culture: a case report.","authors":"Jiaqing Ye, Suli Jin, Yahua Li, Weili Gao, Cuiying Zheng, Huifen Zuo, Chenfeng Zhang, Minghui Song, Jiahao Hao, Yuxin Liu, Zhongjun Feng, Hong Zhang, Zhenjun Zhao, Yumei Guo, Lijie Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11291-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11291-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scedosporium boydii infections pose diagnostic challenges due to their nonspecific clinical manifestations and slow growth characteristics in conventional cultures. This paper highlights the diagnostic value of molecular technology combined with targeted prolonged culture for rare fungi. Unitl now, only one case was identified using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). This case represents the first report of a 20-day delayed culture confirmation of S. boydii guided by mNGS results in a non-immunocompromised chronic obstructive -with history of COPD who was admitted with fever and cough. Despite two weeks of antibacterial treatment, chest computed tomography (CT) showed worsening infection. To clarify the pathogen, mNGS and bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were performed. Subsequent culture and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed the growth of Scedosporium species. Based on clinical presentation, chest CT findings, mNGS results, pulmonary Scedosporiosis was diagnosed, and an antifungal treatment regimen (200 mg BID orally) was initiated. Subsequent culture confirmed S. boydii growth and antifungal susceptibility results were also obtained. After six weeks of voriconazole treatment, he was discharged from the hospital and continued to take oral medication for three months. He was fully recovered without recurrence after six months of follow-up. The present case suggests that mNGS findings can unveil cryptic pathogens like Scedosporium. Use mNGS results to trigger intentional, extended targeted cultivation- challenging standard incubation times- especially in non-immunocompromised hosts with underlying lung disease. Seamless clinician-laboratory collaboration is paramount for treatment success.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus and its subtypes among cases of influenza like illness and severe acute respiratory infection: findings from nationwide sentinel surveillance in Ethiopia.","authors":"Adamu Tayachew, Zelalem Mekuria, Wolde Shure, Dawit Assefa Arimide, Ayele Gebeyehu, Tsegaye Berkesa, Melaku Gonta, Gizaw Teka, Mandefro Kebede, Daniel Melese, Mesfin Wossen, Melkamu Abte, Mesay Hailu, Nega Berhe, Patrik Medstrand, Nigatu Kebede","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11330-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11330-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data in Ethiopia on the epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and subtypes among influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) cases is limited. Here, we assessed the epidemiology of RSV and its subtypes among the pediatric and adult ILI /SARI cases in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted prospective, multicenter facility-based study from May 2023 to April 2024. Respiratory swab specimens, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from participants of all age groups, and both hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals who met the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition for ILI/SARI and provided informed consent. Laboratory investigation was performed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed using SPSS V29. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize frequencies and ratios, and multivariable logistic regression model was employed to assess factors associated with RSV positivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 4170 participants were enrolled, the majority (57.9%) of whom were cases from children under five and SARI (76.5%). RSV was detected in 654 cases (15.7%; 95% CI: 14.6-16.8). RSV subtyping was carried out for 475 (72.6%) of 654 RSV positive samples. The finding revealed that both RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes were co-circulating in Ethiopia, with predominance of RSV-B (68.8%). Age group, season and timing of sample collection were factors independently associated with RSV positivity. Accordingly, children aged < 2 years (AOR: 8.20, 95% CI: 3.57-18.81) and 2-4 years (AOR: 5.01, 95% CI: 2.15-11.67), autumn (AOR: 5.89, 95% CI: 3.79-9.17) and winter (AOR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.07-5.16) seasons, and case whose samples were collected within three days of symptom onset (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.09-2.84) were significantly associated with RSV positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provides evidence of RSV circulation among ILI/SARI cases in Ethiopia. It also revealed that RSV-B was the predominant subtype circulating in the country. The age-specific and temporal patterns of RSV positivity identified in this study contribute to the understanding of RSV and its subtypes epidemiology in Ethiopia. The findings provide valuable evidence to inform implementation of RSV vaccine introduction programs, particularly targeting high-risk populations during periods of peak transmission. Future research focusing on RSV genomic analysis and disease burden is needed to better understand RSV viral evolution, transmission dynamics and public health impacts in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Clinical courses and outcomes of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-positive patients in Shiraz, Southern Iran: a retrospective study.","authors":"Fatemeh Javvi, Keivan Sahebi, Qasem Asgari, Fattaneh Mikaeili, Aref Teimouri","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11365-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11365-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ivermectin on scabies: a retrospective evaluation.","authors":"Ömer Karakoyun, Erhan Ayhan, İsmail Yıldız","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11315-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11315-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study, aimed at determining the effect of ivermectin on scabies, which has recently reached epidemic proportions, was conducted by the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at Dicle University. The study aims to evaluate the success of ivermectin in the treatment of scabies, identify variables affecting this success, and contribute positively to the development of future national treatment protocols. Additionally, the study seeks to test the hypothesis that ivermectin, which is significantly easier to use in cases of failure with topical treatments, is a good first-line treatment option.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 412 patients diagnosed with scabies via clinical examination by a specialist physician and recommended a 200 µg/kg dose of ivermectin at one-week intervals, who presented to Dicle University Dermatology and Venereology Clinic between January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024, were examined. Fifty-two patients whose records lacked the parameters evaluated in the study were excluded. A total of 360 patients were included in the study. Data on children under five years of age, those weighing less than 15 kg, and pregnant or lactating women were not obtained due to insufficient information regarding oral ivermectin use in these groups. Data were evaluated with SPSS-21.0 statistical program and the value, mean, median value, standard deviation, incidence rate and frequency of each parameter in total patients were recorded. Associations were analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, dependent t test, Wilcoxon test, Pearson Chi-square (χ2) test, Yates Chi-square (χ2) test, Fisher Chi-square (χ2) test analysis, Mc-Nemar test, Pearson/spearman correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ivermectin treatments for all 360 patients were prescribed by a specialist physician, and 78.6% (283) of the patients benefited from the treatment. Of these 360 patients, 295 (81.94%) had tried at least one other treatment option before ivermectin and did not benefit from it, while 66.1% (43 out of 65) of those who had not previously undergone treatment benefited from ivermectin. Furthermore, 81.36% (240 out of 295) of patients who did not respond to previous treatments benefited from ivermectin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that ivermectin could be a significant treatment option for patients diagnosed with scabies. The superiority of appropriately dosed ivermectin treatment over other treatments was observed, particularly in patients resistant to other scabies treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare early hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis inducing hemophagocytic syndrome in conflict treatment.","authors":"Xiao-Hui Jin, Xin-Wei Shang, Hui-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11278-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11278-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a case of an acute onset in a middle-aged male who exhibited persistent high fever (temperature > 40 °C), delirium, and respiratory distress. Initial chest CT only suggested \"bilateral pneumonia,\" and empirical anti-infection treatment proved ineffective. The patient subsequently developed pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and markedly elevated ferritin levels (848.90 μg/L). Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated hemophagocytic activity and granulomatous lesions. A positive TB-PCR, confirmed the diagnosis of early hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis complicated by the hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH). The patient's condition gradually improved Following, individualized anti-tuberculosis therapy and immunosuppressive treatment. The uniqueness of this case lies in two main aspects: (1) early imaging did not show typical miliary nodules, which could have led to misdiagnosis as common pneumonia; (2) the dissemination of tuberculosis and onset of HLH occurred almost simultaneously, creating a therapeutic dilemma. Although tuberculosis complicated by HLH is rare, it poses significant danger. The cornerstone of treatment is effective control of the tuberculosis infection while simultaneously suppressing the excessive immune response. This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis complicated by HLH in patients with recurrent fever and pulmonary infiltrates. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving prognosis. The article also discusses the underlying pathogenesis, offering valuable insights for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and hospital settings variations in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates from cardiac patients: insights from a 7-Year study.","authors":"Muhammad Umer Asghar, Arsalan Haseeb Zaidi, Muhammad Tariq, Noor Ul Ain","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11171-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11171-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health challenge, particularly in specialized tertiary care settings. Despite its significance, data on the effects of seasonal variations, demographics, and healthcare settings on AMR in Pakistan are scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and resistance patterns of AMR and identify the key contributing factors at a cardiac hospital in Faisalabad from 2012 to 2019 to inform targeted infection control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 3,035 patient records adhered to STROBE guidelines. AMR profiles, including the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), were examined in relation to seasonality, hospital settings, and patient demographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study identified Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli as the most prevalent pathogens, with S. aureus and K. pneumoniae classified among the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.). Isolation rates were higher in inpatients (IPs) than outpatients (OPs), with peak occurrences in autumn and winter among IPs and in spring among OPs. Age and sex significantly influenced pathogen isolation rates. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was highest for S. aureus isolates between 2017 and 2019, which showed complete resistance to vancomycin and oxacillin. Key resistance genes mecA, vanA, tetM, and aph(3') were frequently co-detected in S. aureus. Polymyxin B and colistin remained the most effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the critical need for year-round AMR surveillance, with an enhanced focus during seasonal peaks, particularly for high-risk IPs in winter and autumn. Implementing localized antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and robust infection control measures is essential to reduce the AMR burden and curb its spread in inpatient settings, especially in resource-constrained healthcare systems, such as Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of polymorphisms and abnormal methylation of several autophagy genes with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility, clinical manifestations in a Chinese population.","authors":"Hua Niu, Dong-Ping Wang, Xue-Qian Cai, Hao-Hui Fang, Ye Li","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11288-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11288-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that autophagy was closely involved in host defense against mycobacteria, and genetic variations in autophagy genes were related to susceptibility to multiple diseases. We conducted this observational study to analyze the role of autophagy related genes polymorphisms and promoter methylation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four autophagy related genes (ATG16L1, ATG5, IRGM, ULK1) were genotyped in 496 PTB patients and 498 controls using SNPscan technique, and the methylation levels of these genes were detected by MethylTarget technique in 98 PTB patients and 97 controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that ATG16L1 gene rs2241880 GG genotype frequency was significantly increased in PTB patients than that in controls. While, no significant association was found between PTB risk and ATG16L1 rs6754677, ATG5 rs2245214, rs510432, IRGM rs1000113, rs10065172, rs12658239, ULK1 rs7138581, rs9481, rs12297124. Haplotype analysis showed that ATG16L1 GA haplotype was associated with the increased risk to PTB, and ATG5 CC haplotype was related to the decreased risk to PTB. Stratification analysis demonstrated that ATG16L1 rs6754677, IRGM rs1000113, rs10065172 polymorphism were associated with pulmonary infection, and ULK1 rs7138581 polymorphism was related to fever, drug-induced liver injury in PTB patients. Compared with controls, ATG16L1 methylation level was significantly decreased in PTB, while ATG5, IRGM methylation levels were not significantly changed. Rs1000113, rs10065172, rs12658239 variants in IRGM had a major impact on IRGM methylation level in PTB patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ATG16L1, ATG5 genes variation and ATG16L1 gene methylation level were associated with the genetic background of PTB, while IRGM, ULK1 genes variations showed no significant association with PTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}