BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the clinical characteristics of 100 patients who developed tuberculosis after renal transplantation.","authors":"Qian Su, Jie Xiao, Zhou Peng, Liang Zhou, Juan Wang, Yingfeng Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11197-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11197-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in kidney transplant recipients is difficult, and TB is one of the major infectious disease-related causes of morbidity and death in transplant recipients. This study analyzed the characteristics of patients who developed TB after renal transplantation in an effort to improve the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study examined 100 patients who developed TB after kidney transplantation, and received treatment at the Hunan Chest Hospital from January 2014 to January 2024. The clinical characteristics of patients were examined, including general condition, date of TB onset, clinical manifestations, site of TB, immunological indicators, method of etiological detection, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Secondary pulmonary TB was the most common diagnosis overall (n = 76), and abdominal TB was the most common type of extrapulmonary TB (n = 8). Eighty-eight patients were tested by the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA); 72 (81.8%) had positive results, 13 (14.8%) had negative results, and 3 (3.4%) had uncertain results. Twenty-six patients received the tuberculin skin test (TST); 7 (26.9%) had positive results and 19 (73.1%) had negative results. The overall etiological detection rate was 58.0%. Analysis of factors associated with outcome showed that patients who received an intensive phase regimen of isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + moxifloxacin were more likely to achieve cure than those who received an intensive phase regimen of isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + pyrazinamide (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients who develop TB after renal transplantation have atypical symptoms and imaging findings. In addition to conventional detection methods, the IGRA, TST, and invasive examinations may aid in diagnosis. An intensive-phase anti-TB regimen of isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + moxifloxacin appeared to provide a better prognosis in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of cirrhosis concurrent with NK/T-Cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a clinical report and literature review.","authors":"Delei Li, Xu Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11179-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11179-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies for cirrhosis concurrent with NK/T-cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic insights into this rare disease with triple comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and diagnostic-therapeutic workflow of a patient admitted to our hospital in August 2024 with cirrhosis, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and HLH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of our hospital with cirrhosis of unknown origin. Laboratory findings demonstrated trilineage cytopenia, coagulopathy, deranged blood biochemistry, markedly elevated ferritin, and hypercytokinemia. Serological testing confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody positivity, while molecular assays detected high EBV DNA loads. Bone marrow cytomorphology and cervical lymph node histopathology corroborated NK/T-cell lymphoma with HLH. Whole-body PET/CT revealed multifocal lymph node involvement. Following multidisciplinary evaluation, the patient underwent hematology-directed management combining hepatoprotective therapy, antimicrobials, and chemotherapy (gemcitabine/oxaliplatin/mitoxantrone liposome), stabilizing disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-occurrence of cirrhosis, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and HLH represents a rare clinical entity with a grim prognosis. This case highlights the necessity of early recognition and coordinated multidisciplinary interventions to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLE complicated with Nocardia farcinica bloodstream infection and disseminated nocardiosis: a case report.","authors":"Haizhen Su, QianYing Zhu, Yi Zhang, Fei Xia, Mengchu Zhu, Lei Jiang, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11167-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11167-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nocardia farcinica, a gram-positive filamentous bacterium, is predominantly found in individuals with compromised immune systems. Bacteremia caused by Nocardia farcinica is relatively rare.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 58-year-old woman who was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for more than three months presented with a fever that persisted for three days. Following comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, including antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibody tests, electrocardiogram, lung CT, MRI, and cultures of blood and sputum, the patient was diagnosed with Nocardia farcinica bloodstream infection and disseminated Nocardia disease affecting the intracranial, endocardial, and pulmonary regions. The patient was administered a combination ofsulfamethoxazole‒trimethoprim tablets and linezolid, for anti-infective therapy. Throughout the treatment course, the patient developed symptoms, including headache, chest pain, and back pain, which escalated to sudden confusion, pupil dilation, and ultimately cardiac arrest. Despite resuscitation efforts, the patient died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical manifestations and imaging findings of nocardiosis are nonspecific, and diagnosis largely depends on pathogen identification. Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for nocardiosis in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with long-term use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents, and closely monitor the risk of disseminated infection secondary to Nocardia bloodstream infection. Early diagnosis and appropriate use of multiple antibiotics are crucial. In cases of disseminated nocardiosis, especially when critical sites such as the central nervous system or endocardium are involved, a three-drug regimen is recommended to control the infection more effectively and improve patient survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>The manuscript is a case report; therefore, I declare that a Clinical Trial number is not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of multidrug resistance and efflux-mediated biocide tolerance in klebsiella pneumoniae ST307: implications for nosocomial infection control in Iranian hospitals.","authors":"Rezvan Goodarzi, Sima Kazemi, Mohammad Hossein Nasershariati, Babak Asghari","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11178-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11178-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relentless evolution of K. pneumoniae ST307 into a \"superbug\" with dual resistance to last-line antibiotics and hospital disinfectants poses an existential threat to infection control. This study characterizes the molecular epidemiology, resistance profiles, and biocide tolerance of ST307 isolates from Iranian hospitals, highlighting its role in nosocomial outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter cross-sectional analysis of 500 K. pneumoniae isolates (2022-2024) utilized CLSI-compliant disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and PCR for resistance genes (bla_CTX-M-15, bla_NDM-1,cepA, qacED1). Biocide MICs were correlated with genetic markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ST307 accounted for 30% (150/500) of isolates, predominantly from ICUs. Resistance rates included meropenem (60.0%; MIC₅₀ >32 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (75.3%), and gentamicin (45.3%). Colistin retained efficacy (85.3% susceptibility). Elevated biocide MICs (chlorhexidine ≥ 0.5% [70.0%]; benzalkonium chloride ≥ 0.1% [65.3%]) correlated with cepA (65.3%) and qacED1 (70.0%) positivity (p < 0.01). Carbapenemase genes bla_OXA-48 (22.0%) and bla_NDM-1 (10.0%) co-occurred with ESBLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ST307's convergence of resistance mechanisms represents a catastrophic failure of current infection control frameworks. Without immediate interventions-such as ICU closures for deep disinfection, restricted colistin/tigecycline use, and genomic surveillance mandates-this clone will dominate Iranian hospitals within 3-5 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of potential relationship betweenmazEF3, relJK, and vapBC3 genes and antimicrobial resistance inMycobacterium bovis.","authors":"Maryam Shafipour, Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi, Pezhman Mahmoodi, Nader Mosavari","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11168-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11168-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small genetic modules, such as toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, play specific roles in persistence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in pathogenic bacteria. Given the transmission of M. bovis to humans and the importance of the spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium, this study aimed to compare the presence and sequences of the mazEF3, vapBC3, and relJK genes in type II TA systems of both resistant and sensitive M. bovis isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-nine M. bovis isolates were obtained from the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute in Iran. M. bovis isolates were confirmed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and by evaluating of the pncA gene. Rifampin- and isoniazid-resistant isolates were identified using Multiplex Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR). The presence and mutations of the mazEF3, relJK, and vapBC3 genes were analyzed by PCR sequencing. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinity of RelJ to RelK.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 59 M. bovis isolates, 13 (22%) and 3 (5.1%) were resistant to rifampin and isoniazid, respectively. The most common mutations in the rifampin-resistant isolates were observed at codons rpoB516 (92.3%) and rpoB531 (84.6%). The nucleotide sequences of mazEF3, vapBC3, and relK were identical to those in the reference strain in all cases. Molecular docking analysis suggests that the mutant RelJ shows improved binding affinity in comparison to the non-mutant protein for the RelK toxin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the relJ gene may be associated with antibiotic resistance in M. bovis. Therefore, increasing the sample size is recommended for a more in-depth investigation of relJ. If successful, this biomarker could be utilized for developing new methods to identify resistant isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating converging pathways of co-infection: an integrated epidemiological insight into hepatitis B and malaria among pregnant women in the middle belt of Ghana.","authors":"Dennis Bardoe, Daniel Hayford, Robert Bagngmen Bio, Denis Dekugmen Yar","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11177-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11177-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral hepatitis B (HBV) and malaria during pregnancy pose significant health risks. This is because both HBV and Plasmodium undergo certain developmental stages in the liver. Hence, their simultaneous presence in the liver could lead to serious maternal and neonatal complications. Although some studies in the Bono East Region have provided valuable insights into the mono-infections of HBV and malaria, their co-infection during pregnancy has not been extensively explored. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap by assessing the seroprevalence and determinants of HBV and malaria co-infection among pregnant women in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentre cross-sectional study included 1430 pregnant women in seven health facilities within the Bono East Region. Serological screening and a structured closed-ended questionnaire were used to collect relevant data, which were analysed with STATA 14 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed as part of data analyses. The findings from the multiple regression model are presented in adjusted odds (AOR) ratios at p < 0.05) with a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of pregnant women was 28.8 ± 3.73. The prevalence of HBV and malaria co-infection was 0.70% (95% CI: 0.37-1.29). Among those co-infected, six women had high malaria parasitaemia, one had moderate parasitaemia, and three had low parasitaemia. Blood transfusion (AOR = 18.24), street nail trimming (AOR = 14.57), residing closer to refuse dumping sites (AOR = 2.34), residing closer to water bodies (AOR = 8.84), being unmarried (AOR = 18.96), having no formal education compared to basic or higher education (AOR = 9.23), being primigravida (AOR = 6.82), and being secundigravida (AOR = 5.73) were significantly associated with increased odds of HBV and malaria co-infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a low prevalence of HBV and malaria co-infection among pregnant women. Despite the relatively low prevalence, the identified determinants highlight the need for integrated antenatal screening protocols, targeted public health education, and policy-level interventions to reduce the dual burden of HBV and malaria among pregnant women and contribute to achieving maternal health targets under Sustainable Development Goal 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and predictors of mortality among infants and toddlers hospitalized with tuberculosis: a ten-year case series study in Sichuan, China.","authors":"Li Liang, Qingqing Xiong, Zhengxiao Wei, Fanghui Xie, Hongmei Li, Guihui Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10323-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10323-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on tuberculosis (TB) in infants and toddlers is limited in China. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of TB in this age group and identify predictors of mortality during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at the Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center (CDPHCC), focusing on 252 children aged 3 years or younger who were treated for TB between January 2013 and December 2023. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with mortality during hospitalization in infants and toddlers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 97 infants and 155 toddlers. A smaller proportion of infants lived in rural areas compared to toddlers (76/97 vs. 140/155, P = 0.008). Additionally, more families of toddlers had two or more TB patients compared to families of infants (19/155 vs. 2/97, P = 0.008). A higher number of individuals from minority ethnic groups were unvaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) compared to Han individuals in both the infant (16/37 vs. 45/60, P = 0.002) and toddler (18/41 vs. 83/114, P = 0.001) groups. The most common symptoms reported were cough (n = 190, 75.4%) and fever (n = 187, 74.2%), with polypnea showing significant differences between the groups (P = 0.000). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of miliary pulmonary TB and TB meningitis (TBM) (P < 0.05). The mortality rate was higher in infants compared to toddlers (13.4% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.021) during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis indicated that miliary pulmonary TB (PTB), hydrocephalus, and hypoproteinemia were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infants with TB are more likely to develop miliary PTB and TBM than toddlers, resulting in higher in-hospital mortality rates. Miliary PTB, hydrocephalus, and hypoproteinemia are significant prognostic factors for mortality among hospitalized infants and toddlers with TB in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety evaluation of remdesivir administration in patients with severe renal impairment and coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Takumi Umemura, Hideo Kato, Yoshikazu Mutoh, Mao Hagihara, Yoshiaki Ikeda, Hiroshige Mikamo","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11153-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11153-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether remdesivir (RDV) is safe for patients with severe renal impairment (SRI) and COVID-19, compared to non-SRI patients or those not receiving RDV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We searched PubMed, Cohcrane, CINAHL, and Ichushi databases up to October 11, 2024. The outcomes assessed kidney injury, hepatic disorder and mortality. Randomized controlled trials and retrospective and cohort studies reporting kidney injury, hepatotoxicity, and mortality in (i) SRI patients treated with RDV versus without RDV or (ii) SRI patients versus non-SRI patients treated with RDV were included. Targeted patients were defined as adults with COVID-19 based on a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal or salivary swabs regardless of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One randomized controlled trial and 14 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Among SRI patients, RDV significantly reduced the incidence of kidney injury (risk ratio [RR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27-0.97) but had no significant difference in the development of hepatic disorder (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.39-1.98) and mortality (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.55-1.15). In the comparison between SRI and non-SRI patients treated with RDV, SRI patients demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.49-4.23), with no significant difference in the development of hepatic disorder (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.43-2.53). Meanwhile, SRI patients treated with RDV exhibited significantly higher mortality than non-SRI patients treated with RDV (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.51-3.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis demonstrated that RDV administration in SRI patients with COVID-19 was safe compared to non-SRI or SRI patient treated without RDV. We suggest that the use of RDV should be actively considered for SRI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs.","authors":"Karen Pomeyie, Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney, Benjamin Amoani, Roland Osei Saahene, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Wishwell Pomeyie, Francis Abrokwah, Helena Quayson, Salisu Kalaamullah Musah, Selina Appiah, Deborah Pratt, Magdalene Sarah Ofori, Alexander Owusu-Ansah, Prince Amoah Barnie","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11135-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11135-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global HIV prevalence estimate at the end of 2022 was 39 million. This has led to mass testing to diagnose new cases, and the conduction of prognostic tests for monitoring HIV progression. This is being done to meet the targets of the 95%: 95%: 95% UN AIDS goal which is to be achieved by 2025. Therefore, there is the need to discover other diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to be supplemented with the currently used ones. Studies indicate that micro RNAs have their levels influenced by the presence and replication of aetiologic agents, thus the micro RNA (miRNA) expression profile test may serve the dual purpose of HIV diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this study assessed the HIV-1 diagnostic and prognostic potential of the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs in HIV positive persons in Cape Coast, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional research design was used to assess the expression patterns of seven miRNAs - hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir-29b, hsa-mir-223 and hsa-mir-27a in 72 plasma samples. The samples were obtained from six antiretroviral therapy naïve persons, 37 ART-experienced persons and 29 healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted, afterwards, cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were low levels of hsa-mir-155, and elevated levels of two miRNAs - hsa-mir-34a, and hsa-mir-27a in ART-experienced persons relative to healthy control. The sensitivities of the above miRNAs were 82.14%, 72.73% and 81.25 respectively, and specificities were 86.21%, 70.59% and 87.50% respectively. Upregulated levels of hsa-mir-223 was associated with HIV-1 infection in ART-naïve persons. Hsa-mir-223, hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-29a and hsa-mir29b were present in quantities that distinguished between viral load categories classified as very low and high. These miRNAs were correlated with viral load. Low levels of hsa-mir-155 in HIV-1 persons with viral load of less than 7cps/ml distinguished them from HIV-negative control. Increased levels of hsa-mir-146a correlated with ART-resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decreased levels of hsa-mir-155, and elevated levels of hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-223 and hsa-mir-27a could be biomarkers of HIV-1. Hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir29b and hsa-mir-223 could be good biomarkers of HIV-1 progression and Low levels of hsa-mir-155 may possess the potential to detect minute HIV-1 RNA copies. Elevated levels of hsa-mir-146a could be a potential biomarker of ART-resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of healthcare associated infections at a tertiary hospital in Southwest China over a 5-year period (2019-2023): a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Danyan Liang, Wei Liu, Yao Zhong, Jun Yang, Lulin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11173-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11173-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which are associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality, remain a global challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic paradoxically reduced some HAIs through enhanced hygiene measures but exacerbated others due to resource diversion, with effects after policy changes remaining unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed HAIs distribution, pathogenic microorganisms distribution, and antibiotic susceptibility capturing the period surrounding strict COVID-19 control measures in a southwest China tertiary hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary hospital in southwest China from 2019 to 2023. Data were extracted from real-time surveillance system, where HAIs were initially diagnosed by clinicians and subsequently verified by infection control personnel. The HAI incidence rate was calculated per 1000 hospital stays, and negative-binomial regression was used to compare incidence rates across years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 2808 HAI cases, with 1665 males and 1143 females, averaging 61.37 years old. The incidence rates of HAIs from 2019 to 2023 were 1.75, 1.12, 0.98, 1.31, and 1.30 per 1000 hospital stays, respectively. Hematology (323, 11.50%), cardiology (309, 11.00%), and neurology (262, 9.33%) were the top three departments with the highest HAI rates. Lower respiratory tract (1198, 42.66%), bloodstream (419, 14.92%), and urinary tract (406, 14.46%) were the most common HAI sites. Klebsiella pneumoniae (173, 15.22%), Escherichia coli (155, 13.63%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (136, 11.96%) were the most frequent pathogenic microorganism. Acinetobacter baumannii was resistant to most antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae was most resistant to cefuroxime Axetil, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone. Escherichia coli was most resistant to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, ceftriaxone and cefuroxime. These three pathogenic microorganisms were all susceptible to tigecycline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence rates of HAIs fluctuated over the years, peaking in 2019, suggesting potential shifts in infection control dynamics. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii were the predominant pathogens, and tigecycline may be considered as a potential option against these pathogens. The study highlights the importance of enhancing infection control measures in high-risk departments and sites, optimizing antibiotic stewardship, and continuously monitoring HAI trends to inform evidence-based infection control policies.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}