BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pebalo Francis Pebolo, Felix Bongomin, Bethan Morgan, Ivaan Pitua, Ritah Nantale, Venice Omona, Joseph Ngonzi, Davidson H Hamer","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14230-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14230-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HIV in pregnancy, has shown potential adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia, which may impact neonatal outcomes including risk of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonates exposed to INSTIs in utero compared to non-INSTIs-based ART regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following written as per the PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Global Health and Global Index Medicus were searched for studies published between January 2013 and September 2025. Eligible studies included clinical trials and cohort studies comparing INSTI-based ART regimens with non-INSTI regimens among pregnant women living with HIV. Data were extracted using Covidence software, Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assessed for quality of randomised clinical trials and observational studies, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading, Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 714 studies were identified and screened based on their titles and abstracts, of which 63 articles underwent full-text review. Ultimately, four studies, comprising 7,636 participants, met the predefined eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for neonatal sepsis among infants exposed to INSTIs was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-1.30, p = 0.137). The test for subgroup difference was not significant (p = 0.358): the pooled OR for dolutegravir was 0.27 (95% CI 0.06-1.23, p = 0.090) and for the single raltegravir study was 0.73 (95% CI 0.16-3.30, p = 0.681).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>INSTI-based ART was not associated with a significant difference in neonatal sepsis risk compared with non-INSTI regimens. However, the low number of events limited the precision of the estimates, highlighting the need for further research.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This review has been registered with the PROSPERO at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251178411 , registration number CRD420251178411.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics of adult patients experiencing virologic failure on antiretroviral therapy in the Blouberg sub-district, South Africa.","authors":"Tshimangadzo Ephraim Mulaisi, Ndidzulafhi Selina Raliphaswa","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13909-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-13909-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite widespread access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa, achieving and sustaining viral suppression remains challenging, particularly in resource-limited districts. Virologic failure compromises treatment outcomes, increases the risk of HIV drug resistance, and undermines national efforts to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. Understanding the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients experiencing virologic failure is important for strengthening HIV treatment programmes and patient management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of adults experiencing virologic failure while receiving ART in the Blouberg sub-district of Capricorn District, Limpopo Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through a retrospective review of 251 adult patient records across four high-volume primary healthcare facilities with viral suppression rates below 85%. Records of adults aged 18 years and older who had been on ART for at least 24 months and had a documented viral load greater than 1000 copies/mL after at least 24 months on ART were included based on predefined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted using a structured tool and analysed using SPSS version 28. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise demographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among patients included in the study, 73.3% were female. The majority (81.1%) initiated ART with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm³, while 71.2% were classified as WHO clinical stage 1 or 2 at initiation. Most patients-initiated treatment on efavirenz-based regimen 1a. Elevated 12-month viral load levels (≥ 1000 copies/mL) were observed among 44.2% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients experiencing virologic failure were predominantly female, initiated ART with low CD4 counts, and commonly received efavirenz-based regimens. The findings highlight the importance of early HIV diagnosis, strengthened adherence support, timely viral load monitoring, and optimization of ART regimens to improve treatment outcomes in rural settings. Targeted adherence interventions and earlier ART initiation strategies are needed to improve viral suppression outcomes in rural settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between prognostic nutritional index and clinical outcomes in patients with pyogenic liver abscess: a retrospective multicenter study.","authors":"Jianguo Wang, Zhenyi Lin, Lintao Chen, Zi Yang, Daqing Li, Yanxin Wan, Rongqian Wu, Yu Zhang, Zhaoqing Du","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14123-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14123-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains a life-threatening bacterial infection associated with substantial mortality. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), a marker of immuno-nutritional status, has been shown to predict outcomes in various diseases. However, its prognostic value in patients with PLA remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 405 patients diagnosed with PLA were enrolled in this study. Based on the median PNI value at admission, patients were stratified into the high-PNI group (PNI ≥ 37.15) and low-PNI group (PNI < 37.15). Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, imaging findings, presumed clinical route of PLA, previous hepatobiliary/pancreatic procedure history, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed to evaluate the association between PNI and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the low-PNI group were significantly older than those in the high-PNI group (59.07 ± 13.30 years vs. 54.20 ± 13.92 years, P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of fever (92.08% vs. 85.15%, P = 0.028) was seen in patients with low PNI. The low-PNI group also had a higher frequency of SIRS at admission (32.51% vs. 17.33%, P < 0.001), higher rate of abscess formation with a diameter > 10 cm (16.75% vs. 6.44%, P < 0.001) and a higher frequency of gas formation in abscess (18.22% vs. 6.93%, P = 0.001). Additionally, patients with low PNI had significantly higher complication rates; particularly for formation of pleural effusion and abdominal effusion. Moreover, the length of hospital stay was significantly prolonged (15.70 ± 8.94 days vs. 13.46 ± 7.16 days, P = 0.006), and treatment costs were higher (4130.76 ± 3227.45 USD vs. 3388.60 ± 2975.95 USD, P = 0.017) in the low-PNI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low PNI was associated with prolonged temperature recovery time (OR = 1.589, 95% CI: 1.022-2.470, P = 0.040) and prolonged hospital stay (OR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.033-2.415, P = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PNI may serve as a useful marker for early clinical risk stratification in patients with PLA.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological characterization of acute respiratory tract infections and associated co-infections using Biofire respiratory 2.1 Plus panel.","authors":"Noha A Kamel, Heba M El Sherif, Khaled M Aboshanab, Mervat I El Borhamy, Khaled M Elsayed","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14030-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14030-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions post-COVID-19 pandemic, acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) have posed a substantial burden on healthcare settings, necessitating the implementation of rapid molecular diagnostic tools to improve pathogen identification and ensure early clinical management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study over one year (April 2024-March 2025) on 258 patients with ARTIs, admitted to a tertiary care hospital located in Egypt, to characterize their microbiological profile by Biofire respiratory 2.1 plus panel (RP 2.1). The demographic data and co-morbidities were systematically collected and analyzed from electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 160 patients testing positive for at least one respiratory pathogen by RP2.1 plus, 147 (91.8%) were positive for viral pathogens, 8(5%) for mixed viral-bacterial detections, and 5(3.2%) for bacterial detections. Detection of a single respiratory pathogen was observed among 71.8% of cases, with a statistically significant difference during autumn (27%, p = 0.03), and co-detections with multiple pathogens were observed among 28.2% of patients. Human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most common detected virus (52.5%), followed by Parainfluenza virus 1-4 (PIV,16.9%), seasonal Coronavirus species (15.6%), severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Influenza virus (INF) with equal frequency 10% each. Of 84 patients with HRV, 54 (64%) were infected with HRV only, and 30 (36%) had HRV co-detection. Patients with HRV co-detection were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with pneumonia than patients with HRV mono-detection (71.4% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.0001). Children in the age group less than 4 years old were more likely to be diagnosed with HRV co-detection than children with HRV only (60% versus 40% at p = 0.00). The most frequently detected respiratory pathogens with HRV were human coronavirus OC43 (4, 13.3%), followed by INFA (3,10%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (3,10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current surge of respiratory pathogens post-COVID-19 pandemic calls for continuous monitoring of seasonal as well as co-detection patterns to mitigate potential health care burden and guide targeted public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SALGINTR: development and early evaluation of a low-cost cloud-based digital participatory surveillance system for influenza-like Illness among physicians in Türkiye - a proof of concept.","authors":"Eray Ontas, Hasan Güçlü, Yeşim Aydın Son","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14153-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14153-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Participatory surveillance complements sentinel influenza monitoring in high-income settings, yet no such platform has targeted physicians as both participants and clinical sentinels. We established SALGINTR, a digital, physician-driven participatory surveillance system for influenza-like illness (ILI), assembling an automated data collection and analysis pipeline from freely available cloud-based tools at a total infrastructure cost of approximately US $100.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physicians across Türkiye were recruited via snowball sampling to provide weekly self-reports of ILI symptoms through an online platform ( www.salgin.com.tr ) during epidemiological weeks 40-52 of the 2025-26 influenza season. ECDC ILI case definition was applied, and independent ILI episodes were ascertained using a clinical-episode rule whereby consecutive symptomatic weeks attributed to the same agent were counted as a single episode. Temporal concordance with national sentinel surveillance was assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlation with moving-block bootstrap confidence intervals, lead-lag cross-correlation, and Bland-Altman agreement. Epidemic detection was evaluated using a panel of six aberration detection algorithms (EARS C1-C3, negative-binomial CUSUM, EWMA, empirical 95th percentile).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 243 registered physicians, 197 (analytical cohort) contributed 1,484 respondent-weeks of observation. Cumulative ILI incidence was 50.8% (100/197), with 156 independent episodes identified from 190 symptomatic person-weeks using a clinical-episode definition. Season-level viral positivity was similar in the two streams (SALGINTR 17.3%, 95% CI 11.7-24.2, 27/156; sentinel 14.5%, 95% CI 12.8-16.2, 247/1,709). Weekly SALGINTR viral-systemic positivity was temporally concordant with sentinel surveillance under the pre-specified causal three-week moving average (Pearson r = 0.575, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.90; Spearman ρ = 0.747; pre-epidemic W40-W49 r = 0.886, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94). Bland-Altman analysis indicated no significant systematic bias (mean difference + 4.6 pp; 95% limits of agreement - 18.3 to + 27.4 pp). Neither system produced any alarm during the ten pre-epidemic weeks, and alarm agreement across the window was substantial (Cohen's κ = 0.755; specification-curve median κ = 0.639 across 72 analytical choices). Lead-lag analysis identified no timing advantage in either direction (peak lag - 1 week; bootstrap CI - 2 to + 2 weeks).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SALGINTR demonstrates that a physician-driven digital participatory surveillance system can generate ILI signals concordant with established sentinel surveillance, at minimal cost. This proof-of-concept supports integration of participatory surveillance as a complementary component within mosaic respiratory disease surveillance frameworks in middle-income settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis and their correlation with inflammatory factors.","authors":"Zhaofeng Bao, Junling Zhou, Junsheng Jiang, Xueyan Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14120-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14120-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the plasma levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) biomarkers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) in sepsis patients, and to analyze their diagnostic value for sepsis, prognostic value for 28-day mortality, and correlation with inflammatory factors and organ function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 126 sepsis patients (divided into sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock groups) and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. Sepsis patients were further divided into survival group and non-survival group according to 28-day prognosis. Plasma levels of MPO, CitH3, inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CXCL8) and clinical routine biomarkers (procalcitonin, PCT; lactate) were detected. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between NETs biomarkers and inflammatory factors, organ function indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MPO and CitH3 for sepsis and their predictive value for 28-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, plasma MPO, CitH3, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8 and PCT levels in sepsis patients were significantly increased, while IL-10 level was significantly decreased (all P < 0.001). MPO and CitH3 levels gradually increased with the aggravation of sepsis severity (septic shock > severe sepsis > sepsis, all P < 0.05). MPO and CitH3 were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8), PCT and lactate, and negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (all P < 0.001). The levels of MPO and CitH3 in non-survival group were significantly higher than those in survival group (P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of MPO and CitH3 for sepsis diagnosis was 0.842 and 0.876, respectively, and the combined detection of MPO+CitH3 had a higher AUC of 0.931 (sensitivity 87.3%, specificity 93.3%). For 28-day mortality prediction, MPO+CitH3 achieved an AUC of 0.915, which was significantly higher than that of single index and PCT+lactate (P < 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression identified CitH3 (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.62-4.98, P < 0.001), MPO (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.62, P = 0.003), SOFA score (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12-1.88, P = 0.005), and lactate (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66, P = 0.018) as independent predictors of 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma MPO and CitH3 are highly expressed in sepsis patients, which are closely related to the severity of inflammation, organ dysfunction and short-term prognosis. Combined detection of MPO and CitH3 has high diagnostic value for sepsis and excellent prognostic efficacy for 28-day mortality, which can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, severity assessment and prognosis evaluation of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter prospective observational multi-omics study protocol to identify biomarkers for severe dengue: COMBAT study clinical protocol.","authors":"Piya Paul Mudgal, Silvia Patricia Zuniga Veliz, Magda Lourda, Trupti Satish Kadni, Muralidhar Varma, Anup Mazumder, Sandeep Budhiraja, Namita Jaggi, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Sagar Sengupta, Arindam Maitra, Kristina Hug, Indranil Sinha, Anoop T Ambikan, Iva Filipovic, Ujjwal Neogi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14111-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue virus (DENV) infection poses a major global public health burden, particularly in endemic regions where repeated exposure increases the risk of severe disease. Despite revisions to the World Health Organization (WHO) dengue classification, early prediction of progression to severe dengue remains challenging due to overlapping clinical and laboratory features. Current management strategies rely primarily on supportive care and reactive monitoring, underscoring the need for predictive biomarkers that enable early risk stratification and timely intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>COMBAT is a prospective, multicenter, observational longitudinal study conducted in dengue-endemic regions of Guatemala and India. Patients will be classified according to WHO 2009 criteria into dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue, alongside age- and sex-matched healthy controls. A single blood sample will be collected from non-hospitalized patients while two blood samples per participant will be collected during hospitalization and one at discharge. Multi-omics analyses, including transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics and metabolomics, will be performed in a discovery cohort and validated in an independent cohort. Integrated systems biology approaches will be used to identify host immune and metabolic pathways associated with dengue severity in a mechanism-based prognostic biomarker discovery.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study aims to generate comprehensive systems-level insights into host-virus interactions driving dengue severity and to identify biomarkers predictive of disease progression. The findings may inform improved patient triage, early intervention strategies, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06751836 Registration Date: December 13, 2024, CTRI/2022/10/046293 (MAHE) Registration Date: October 10, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR admission screening over 21 months in a German tertiary care hospital: detection of asymptomatic infections.","authors":"Isabella Eiter, Till Gallasch, Sören Krüger, Michael Eisenmann, Vera Rauschenberger, Anna Höhn, Sina Ebert, Kerstin Knies, Christiane Prifert, Benedikt Weißbrich, Lars Dölken, Stefanie Kampmeier, Isabell Wagenhäuser, Manuel Krone","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14122-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14122-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous nosocomial infections were observed in hospitals and other healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, largely attributed to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers. SARS-CoV-2 screening data at admission of all hospitalised patients and accompanying persons of a tertiary-care hospital in Germany was included from 1 April 2020 to 31 December 2021. The first oropharyngeal swab of each newly admitted individual was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The overall testing costs and the costs per positively tested individual were analysed. Out of 111,271 screened individuals, 705 (0.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. Among these, 236 cases (0.2%) had not been previously diagnosed and were identified through RT-qPCR admission screening. Of the newly detected cases,110 (0.1%) were asymptomatic without any known positive contact history. The specificity of RT-qPCR in screening use was 99.997% (95% CI 99.992-99.999%). The mean testing costs of identifying one SARS-CoV-2-positive individual through admission screening was €8,082.87. Long-term universal RT-qPCR admission screening detected a substantial number of otherwise unidentified SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, proving its value as a infection control tool with an excellent specificity in screening use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This strategy represents an important lesson learned from the pandemic and may serve as a valuable infection control tool for future pandemics or seasonal pathogen surges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, resistance profile of ESKAPEE pathogens, and molecular detection of PMQR-associated genes among Levofloxacin-resistant gram-negative ESKAPEE isolates from critically-ill patients.","authors":"Sylvana Nady Gaber, Rasha H Bassyouni, Ahmed Ashraf Wegdan, Hagar Saad Abd-Elrahman, Ahmed Fathy Elkhateeb, Joseph Makram Botros, Mahmoud A F Khalil, Hanaa Mohamed Eid Moawad","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13953-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-13953-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ESKAPEE pathogens are characterized with rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To detect the prevalence, resistance profile of ESKAPEE pathogens, and to analyze the Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR)-associated genes among Levofloxacin-resistant gram-negative ESKAPEE pathogens isolated from critically ill patients in Fayoum University Hospitals, Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. Different specimens were collected and cultured on bacteriological media according to their respective sample sources. The identification of ESKAPEE isolates was performed according to standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of levofloxacin was determined by microdilution method. Molecular identification of PMQR genes in Gram negative ESKAPEE isolates was performed by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-one samples were collected from 72 patients enrolled in the study. Eighty-four isolates were recovered, from them ESKAPEE pathogens represent 79/84 (94%) of all isolates. Enterococcus faecium was the predominant organism (21.4%). 77.8% of E. faecium were vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Also, 80% of P. aeruginosa, 83.3% of E. coli and 71.4% of K. pneumoniae isolates were extensively drug resistant (XDR). qnrB [78.9% (30/38)] was the most frequently detected gene among ESKAPEE pathogens. Most tested isolates (86.8%) have more than one PMQR gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of ESKAPEE organisms was detected in ICU infected patients. qnrB was the most frequently PMQR detected genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with interferon-gamma release assay positivity in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hewei Song, Yao Zhang, Qingzhu Zhang, Jin Zhang, Weijie Gu, Pei Yang, Yang Xiao, Fang Liu, Min Li, Wenjing Ding, Kexu Song, Lina Qiao, Yanhua Li, Yueyun Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14090-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14090-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is recommended for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening prior to biologic therapy in psoriasis. Yet factors influencing IGRA positivity in this population remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify clinical factors associated with IGRA positivity among patients with psoriasis and to develop an internally validated model to summarize these associations in routine dermatological care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 1,126 patients with psoriasis without a documented history of prior tuberculosis (285 IGRA-positive and 841 IGRA-negative) at a single dermatology centre. Variables associated with IGRA positivity in univariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, which was internally validated using bootstrap resampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall IGRA positivity rate was 25.3%. IGRA positivity increased markedly with age, from 8.2% in patients aged ≤ 30 years to 45.6% in those aged > 60 years, with an optimal ROC-derived cutoff of 49 years (sensitivity, 0.561; specificity, 0.762). In multivariable analysis, older age (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.037-1.059, p < 0.001), pulmonary nodules (OR 1.608, 95% CI 1.094-2.365, p = 0.016), and higher eosinophil percentage (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.033-1.190, p = 0.004) were independently associated with increased odds of IGRA positivity, whereas prior biologic exposure was associated with reduced odds (OR 0.705, 95% CI 0.512-0.969, p = 0.031). The eight-variable multivariable model demonstrated acceptable discrimination (AUC 0.726; optimism-corrected AUC 0.717, 95% CI 0.690-0.763) and good calibration (Brier score 0.167). Decision curve analysis suggested net clinical benefit across a threshold range of approximately 5%-50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older age, pulmonary nodules, and higher eosinophil percentage were independently associated with IGRA positivity, while prior biologic exposure showed an inverse association likely related to selection bias. The model showed acceptable internal performance and may provide supplementary context, but should not replace standard pre-biologic tuberculosis assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}