BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"A rare case of multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia abscessus co-infection with tuberculous meningitis in an immunocompetent patient.","authors":"Xiuri Wang, Lingyan Liang, Yunxiao Liang, Liuyang Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11056-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11056-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nocardial brain abscesses are extremely rare and predominantly affect immunocompromised patients, exhibiting a high overall mortality rate. Tuberculosis infections, although they can occur in immunocompetent individuals, are more prevalent in those with compromised immune systems. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe manifestation of tuberculosis, is associated with a high fatality rate. Co-infection with both pathogens is unusual. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia abscessus (N. abscessus) in a young immunocompetent patient, complicated by tuberculous meningitis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 34-year-old male patient initially presented with a week-long history of headaches, predominantly localized in the bilateral frontal region. Additionally, the patient experienced fever, and due to the recurrence of these symptoms, he was admitted to the hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed bilateral pneumonia, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strongly suggested the presence of multiple brain abscesses accompanied by meningitis. On the fourth day of hospitalization, the patient's condition deteriorated, becoming lethargic with severe headaches. His body temperature spiked to 39.5 °C, and signs of elevated intracranial pressure emerged. Subsequently, he underwent neuro-navigation-assisted resection of deep lesions, ventriculostomy for external drainage, and drainage of abscesses. The next day, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Xpert MTB/RIF testing yielded positive results for multiple probes and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex. Pus cultures and sequencing further confirmed an N. abscessus infection. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with multiple brain abscesses caused by N. abscessus, complicated by tuberculous meningitis. We administered TMP-SMX, imipenem-cilastatin, and intravenous linezolid for the management of nocardial brain abscesses infections, while continuing decompressive ventricular drainage. For empiric treatment of tuberculous meningitis, the patient was started on isoniazid 600 mg/day via intravenous injection, rifampicin 600 mg/day orally, pyrazinamide 1500 mg/day (divided into three oral doses), ethambutol 750 mg/day orally, and dexamethasone at an initial dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day, with a planned gradual reduction starting one week later. Despite 10 days of treatment, the patient showed no significant clinical improvement in the infection, and hydrocephalus worsened. On the 16th day of admission, emergency external ventricular drain placement was performed, and intrathecal amikacin was administered to combat the nocardial brain abscesses. Unfortunately, by the 39th day of admission, the patient's infection continued to progress, eventually succumbing to septic shock and resulting in death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nocardial brain abscesses are associated with a high mortality ra","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of bedaquiline resistance in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xinyang Hu, Zhiwei Wu, Jing Lei, Yanqin Zhu, Jingtao Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11067-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11067-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge. While bedaquiline (BDQ) offers improved treatment outcomes for patients with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), its widespread use has led to the emergence of BDQ resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review evaluated the prevalence of BDQ resistance among adult patients through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity and compare prevalence estimates across groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute's quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and I² tests.This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42024620791.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted average prevalence of BDQ resistance was 5.7% (95% CI: 3.6-8.3), with acquired resistance reported at 5.4%. Geographic differences were observed, with South Africa showing a higher prevalence (10.4%) compared to China (2.4%).High-quality studies reported a prevalence of 5.2%, while fair-quality studies reported 7.7%. Mutations in the Rv0678 gene represented a significant proportion, reaching as high as 65.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight an increasing trend in acquired resistance to BDQ, offering critical insights for managing MDR-TB. The application of whole-genome sequencing shows promise for advancing understanding of drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Ivermectin treatment among adult patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis in East Gojam zone, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Gashaw Azanaw Amare, Yenesew Mihret Wondmagegn, Abebaw Setegn, Mekuriaw Belayneh, Yalew Muche, Abateneh Melkamu, Kassahun Misgana, Agenagnew Ashagre, Temesgen Baylie, Mohammed Jemal, Mamaru Getinet, Abebe Fenta, Habtamu Belew, Adane Adugna","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11070-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11070-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Strongyloidiasis caused by the parasite Strongyloides stercoralis, is a significant public health issue, particularly in low-income countries with inadequate sanitation practices. Ivermectin is the recommended drug by the World Health Organization for treating S. stercoralis infection, but its efficacy in Ethiopia has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Ivermectin treatment for S. stercoralis infection in adult patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals in northwest Ethiopia from June 2022 to February 2024. A total of 190 patients confirmed to be infected with S. stercoralis were treated with Ivermectin (200 µg/kg) for two days. Stool samples were collected two weeks after treatment and analyzed using parasitological concentration techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cure rate was 90% among the treated individuals, demonstrating a significant reduction in the prevalence of S. stercoralis infection. Among the cases that were not cured, the majority were older individuals, with a higher proportion (66.8%) residing in rural areas. A small number of non-cured individuals experienced persistent symptoms after treatment. All individuals who successfully cleared the infection were asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a 90% cure rate for the current 2-day Ivermectin treatment regimen (200 µg/kg) against Strongyloides stercoralis in Ethiopia, suggesting the recommended strategy is appropriate. Age, residential area, and other factors have been found to influence treatment outcomes, warranting further investigation into potential resistance factors and optimizing treatment for different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-dependent effects of Toxoplasma gondii on ovarian health and inflammation in a rat model.","authors":"Reyhaneh Moghaddami, Kimia Moradi, Mahdi Mahdipour, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Jafar Razeghi, Nahideh Nazdikbin Yamchi, Monir Khordadmehr, Ahmad Nematollahi, Behzad Ghorbanzadeh, Ehsan Ahmadpour","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11062-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11062-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular parasite, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a widespread disease affecting approximately one-third of the global population. This study investigates the strain-specific effects of T. gondii infection on immune responses, reproductive physiology, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats, comparing the highly virulent RH strain to the less virulent VEG strain. The results show that the RH strain significantly reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (p < 0.01) while increasing pro-inflammatory IFN-γ (p < 0.05), suggesting a strong inflammatory response. In contrast, the VEG strain produced a more balanced immune profile, with no significant change in IL-10 and a moderate rise in IFN-γ. Although no visible damage to ovarian tissue was observed in any group, the RH strain resulted in a higher number of growing follicles (p < 0.05), while the VEG strain led to significantly larger follicles (p < 0.05). Both strains elevated CRP levels, with the RH strain inducing a more significant inflammatory response. However, oxidative stress markers showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the highly virulent RH strain elicits a strong inflammatory response, whereas the less virulent VEG strain induces a more moderate immune reaction, without causing significant damage to ovarian tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a multi-epitope universal vaccine for concurrent infections of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses using an immunoinformatics approach.","authors":"Shirin Mohammadipour, Hadi Tavakkoli, Seyedeh Narges Fatemi, Aram Sharifi, Peyman Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11066-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11066-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) and influenza viruses share several conserved epitopes that can be utilized for the development of universal vaccines. Our previous research demonstrated that recombinant M2e-HA2 (Matrix-2 ectodomain-Hemagglutinin subunit 2) proteins derived from influenza elicited an immune response against the virus, suggesting their potential use in universal influenza vaccine formulations. Given the lack of a specific vaccine to address SARS‑CoV‑2 and influenza co-infections, this study aimed to design a universal vaccine using immunoinformatics methodologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, B-cell and T-cell epitopes were identified from the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS‑CoV‑2. Additionally, the N-terminal segments of M2e (SLLTEVET) and HA2 (GLFGAIAGF) from influenza were incorporated to construct a multi-epitope vaccine. Suitable linkers were designed, and human beta-defensin-2 was selected as an adjuvant. Further evaluations were conducted, focusing on key parameters such as stability, allergenicity, and antigenicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II binding epitopes exhibited broad population coverage for the vaccine on a global scale. The vaccine structure was found to interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), and the docked conformation of the vaccine/TLR-3 complex demonstrated high stability during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The constructed vaccine exhibited thermal stability across cold, ambient, and human body temperatures. Additionally, in silico cloning of the vaccine candidate into the pET-28a(+) vector was performed to facilitate production within the Escherichia coli expression system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the findings suggest that the designed vaccine has the potential to serve as an effective universal vaccine and a promising strategy for controlling both Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza on a global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19-related anxiety on obstetric complications and mental health in quarantined pregnant women.","authors":"Solmaz Heidarifard, Niloofar Khoshnam Rad, Mahsa Khoshnam Rad","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11073-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11073-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic heightened anxiety among pregnant women, raising concerns about its impact on maternal and fetal health. Although prenatal anxiety is linked to adverse outcomes, the specific relationship between COVID-19-related fear and obstetric complications in quarantined populations remains understudied. This study investigated the association between COVID-19-related fear, obstetric complications, and mental health disorders among quarantined pregnant women in Tehran, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study (June-December 2020) 52 quarantined pregnant women were recruited via convenience sampling from a Tehran health center. Data were collected through structured telephone interviews using a validated researcher-made questionnaire. The tool assessed demographics, obstetric history, mental health symptoms (e.g., night-time anxiety, sleep disturbances), and COVID-19-related fear via a 0-10 Auditory Analog Scale (AAS). Obstetric complications (e.g., severe vaginal bleeding, chorioamnionitis) were self-reported and clinically verified. Spearman's rank correlation (non-parametric variables) and Pearson's correlation (continuous variables) were used, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (mean age: 29.9 ± 6.47 years; gestational age: 30 ± 11.57 weeks) exhibited high COVID-19 fear (54.5% severe fear). Fear correlated significantly with obstetric complications (r = 0.22, p = 0.007), particularly delayed care-related outcomes such as severe vaginal bleeding (18.8%), chorioamnionitis (8.9%), and reluctance to seek hospitalization (12.5%). Fear also linked to mental health challenges (r = 0.23, p = 0.005), including night-time anxiety (28.9%) and sleep disturbances (32.2%). Weak correlations emerged with occupation (r = 0.23, p = 0.01) and education (r = 0.24, p = 0.02), though effect sizes were modest (R² ≈ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19-related fear in quarantined pregnant women was associated with obstetric complications (e.g., care avoidance) and mental health disorders (e.g., sleep disturbances). Despite modest correlations, findings underscore the need for antenatal care integrating mental health screening, telehealth support, and culturally sensitive interventions to mitigate pandemic-driven risks to maternal-fetal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of integrating HIV prevention and treatment in China's border mountain regions: a grounded theory study.","authors":"Sixian Du, Haoran Niu, Feng Jiang, Liwen Gong, Shan Zheng, Qi Cui, Xu Yang, Jiayan He, Rongcai Dai, Qilian Luo, Yiqing Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11087-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11087-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;HIV remains a critical global public health challenge, with 39 million people living with HIV as of 2022 and over 40.4 million lives lost to the epidemic. In China, the burden is similarly significant, with over 1.33 million HIV cases reported as of 2024. The challenges are particularly acute in western regions like Yunnan Province, which face resource limitations, socio-demographic disparities, and a high prevalence of HIV among ethnic minorities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examines the challenges in HIV diagnosis, treatment, and prevention across various institutions in Yunnan Province, including government bodies, hospitals, disease control centers, and primary healthcare institutions. This study aims to identify key challenges in integrating HIV prevention and treatment in China's border mountainous regions to inform targeted strategies for ethnic minority and impoverished communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study adopts a grounded theory approach to explore the systemic, socio-demographic, and cultural barriers impeding the integration of HIV prevention and treatment in M City, a resource-constrained border region in Yunnan Province. From May 2024 to January 2025, a comprehensive review of regional HIV prevention and control literature, alongside relevant World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, was undertaken to contextualize the research. To capture multi-level insights, semi-structured interviews were conducted between August and December 2024 with 23 purposively selected participants, including individuals living with HIV, village doctors, healthcare providers, and local policymakers. The qualitative data were analyzed through a rigorous three-stage coding process-comprising open coding, axial coding, and selective coding-consistent with grounded theory methodology, to systematically construct and refine conceptual categories underpinning the integration challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study included 23 participants from Yunnan Province. Through three-level coding, three major themes were identified. In HIV prevention, key challenges included patients' inattention to prevention, difficulties for village doctors in home-based screening, and poor enthusiasm for prevention in hospitals. In HIV treatment, difficulties included limited government support, variability in patients' conditions, poor medication adherence, poor quality of village clinic services, challenges for healthcare staff, uncertain effects of Chinese and Western medicine synergy, and unsmooth referral mechanisms. In integration of HIV prevention and treatment, major issues involved low referral rates, loose inter-agency cooperation, and systemic barriers to integration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights the complex challenges in HIV prevention, treatment, and integration in economically underdeveloped regions, emphasizing the need for improved patient awareness, healt","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between neutrophil-platelet ratio and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective analysis based on MIMIC-IV database.","authors":"Jin Zhu, Chaorong Zhang, Zhexuan Deng, Lifen Ouyang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11064-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11064-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The immune system and inflammation are intimately linked to the pathophysiology of sepsis. The neutrophil‒platelet ratio (NPR), associated with inflammation and immunology, may be useful in predicting sepsis outcomes. According to earlier research, the NPR is linked to the prognosis of several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the connection between the NPR and unfavorable outcomes in patients with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved patient clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database (MIMIC-IV 2.2) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The NPR quartile was used to divide the population into four groups. 28-day mortality was the main result, whereas 90-day mortality was the secondary result. The Cox regression model, Kaplan‒Meier survival curve, and limited cubic spline were used to examine the associations between the NPR and the negative outcomes of sepsis. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. At the same time, we used Latent Class Trajectory Model (LCTM) to assess the trajectory of NPR within six days of ICU admission, and to assess the relationship between NPR trajectory and mortality at 28 and 90 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3339 patients. Quartile 4 had the greatest 28-day and 90-day mortality rates, according to the Cox regression model and Kaplan‒Meier survival curve. A J-shaped relationship between the NPR and mortality was found in restricted cubic spline investigations. This means higher and lower NPRs were linked to higher mortality, with NPR = 3.81 as the tipping point. A total of 434 patients were included in the trajectory analysis, and three trajectory patterns were identified. Patients with sepsis had an increased mortality rate in the slow-decline group compared with the stable development group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NPR has prognostic value for patients with sepsis, and there is a J-shaped relationship between the two variables. Patients with sepsis who have a slowly declining NPR have an increased mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-acquired pneumonia associated with influenza co-infection caused by fusobacterium necrophorum: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Min Cao, Lin Huang, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11079-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11079-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fusobacterium necrophorum is a rare pathogen associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), particularly among healthy adults. This case report presents a rare documented case of CAP caused by F. necrophorum in a young individual, providing valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient was initially diagnosed with influenza, and subsequently developed CAP caused by F. necrophorum. Despite one week of outpatient treatment with moxifloxacin, the symptoms persisted, leading to hospitalisation. Treatment with piperacillin tazobactam/imipenem and doxycycline, which target atypical pathogens, did not result in improvement after admission. Conventional diagnostic methods failed to identify the causative pathogen; however, metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid confirmed it to be F. necrophorum. The patient showed significant improvement after ten days of targeted treatment with ornidazole and imipenem/piperacillin tazobactam, and was discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Uncommon pathogens, such as F. necrophorum, should be considered as potential culprits in young individuals with CAP when conventional cultures yield negative results but there is a strong suspicion of infection, especially if initial antibiotic therapy is ineffective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic yield of induced sputum and Bronchoalveolar lavage in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Maria Musso, Gina Gualano, Paola Mencarini, Annelisa Mastrobattista, Maria Angela Licata, Carlo Pareo, Carlotta Cerva, Silvia Mosti, Virginia Di Bari, Raffaella Libertone, Carla Nisii, Angela Cannas, Assunta Navarra, Delia Goletti, Fabrizio Palmieri","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11020-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11020-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (IS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and negative sputum smears. We enrolled 215 patients who underwent both IS and BAL after two negative spontaneous sputum samples. PTB was confirmed by culture or molecular test in 26 patients (12.1%). IS detected 10 cases (38.5%) of all PTB, while BAL detected 22 cases (84.6%) of all PTB. IS had a sensitivity of 38.46% and a specificity of 100%, while BAL had a sensitivity of 84.62% and a specificity of 100%. BAL had a higher diagnostic yield than IS and was useful for ruling out alternative diagnoses. According to our experience FBS execution is mandatory in case of strong TB suspicion and sputum smear negative patients, especially in a low TB prevalence country. Moreover, it consents testing microorganism sensitivity and assessing possible alternative diagnosis with similar clinical presentation. The choice of the best diagnostic method may depend on the clinical context and the availability of resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}