BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Combatting Salmonella: a focus on antimicrobial resistance and the need for effective vaccination.","authors":"Junaid Nazir, Tasaduq Manzoor, Afnan Saleem, Ubaid Gani, Sahar Saleem Bhat, Shabir Khan, Zulfqarul Haq, Priyanka Jha, Syed Mudasir Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10478-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10478-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella infections represent a major global public health concern due to their widespread zoonotic transmission, antimicrobial resistance, and associated morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to summarize the zoonotic nature of Salmonella, the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance, the global burden of infections, and the need for effective vaccination strategies to mitigate the rising threat of Salmonella.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published in English were identified using keywords including Salmonella, vaccination, antimicrobial resistance, and public health. Articles focusing on epidemiology, vaccine development, and strategies to control Salmonella infections were included, while conference abstracts and non-peer-reviewed studies were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salmonella infections result in approximately 95 million global cases annually, with an estimated 150,000 deaths. Regional variations were evident, with higher infection rates in low- and middle-income countries due to poor sanitation and food safety standards. Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the most prevalent serovars associated with human infections. The review highlighted an alarming rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains, particularly due to the overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock. Despite progress in vaccine development, challenges remain in achieving a universal vaccine that targets diverse Salmonella serovars. Live-attenuated, killed, recombinant, subunit, and conjugate vaccines are currently under development, but limitations such as efficacy, cost, and accessibility persist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Salmonella infections continue to impose a significant burden on global health, exacerbated by rising antimicrobial resistance. There is an urgent need for a multifaceted approach, including improved sanitation, prudent antibiotic use, and the development of affordable, broad-spectrum vaccines. Strengthening surveillance systems and promoting collaborative global efforts are essential to effectively control and reduce the burden of Salmonella.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent NTM pulmonary disease despite avoidance of hot spring exposure in a plaque psoriasis patient treated with Secukinumab: a case report.","authors":"Yixiao Wei, Chunlei Wang, Lingtao Chong, Xiaojing Cui","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10487-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10487-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) related to treatment with Secukinumab has not been previously documented.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Despite adherence to treatment and avoiding hot springs, a plaque psoriasis patient experienced persistent NTM-PD relapses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is potential association between Secukinumab, an IL-17A inhibitor, and NTM disease, echoing anti-TNF biologics' NTM risk, indicating the urgent need for further research on pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung-specific CRBN knockout attenuates influenza a virus-induced acute lung injury in mice: a potential therapeutic approach.","authors":"Lifang Zhang, Qingchao Zhang, Jiahui Chang, Yunyi Zhou, Wei Wang, Xiliang Wang, Chengyu Jiang, Yanli Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10490-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10490-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza-related acute lung injury is a life-threatening condition primarily caused by uncontrolled replication of the influenza virus and intense proinflammatory responses. Cereblon (CRBN) is a protein known for its role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and as a target of the drug thalidomide. However, the function of CRBN in influenza virus infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of CRBN on A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) influenza virus-induced lung injury and its potential as a therapeutic target. Knocking down CRBN in vitro significantly reduces PR8-induced cell death. Using Sftpc-Cre; Crbn^flox/flox lung-specific Crbn knockout mice, we demonstrated that Crbn deficiency significantly decreased mortality, weight loss, lung pathology, edema, and viral load in PR8-infected mice. PR8-infected Sftpc-Cre; Crbn^flox/flox mice exhibited a marked reduction in lung inflammatory cell infiltration and suppression of MAPK pathway activation, highlighted by a significant downregulation of the MKK4-JNK-c-JUN signaling cascade. Collectively, these findings indicate that CRBN plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of influenza-induced lung injury by modulating MAPK pathway signaling, underscoring its therapeutic potential as a target for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of HPV vaccination in reducing infection among young Brazilian women.","authors":"Ana Carolina da Silva Santos, Nayara Nascimento Toledo Silva, Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da Silva, Mariângela Carneiro, Wendel Coura-Vital, Angélica Alves Lima","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10284-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10284-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, cervical cancer is an increasing public health issue, and vaccination against HPV has proven to be an effective strategy to reduce this neoplasia. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the quadrivalent vaccine in reducing the prevalence and incidence of HPV infection in women, aged 18 to 24 years old, in the cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A concurrent cohort study was performed, with an initial follow-up of 12 to 18 months. The selected young women were interviewed and divided into two groups: vaccinated and unvaccinated. Participants underwent a Pap smear and cervical sample collection for HPV detection, genotyping performed by PCR-RFLP, type-specific PCR, and using the PapilloCheck®. The prevalence of HPV infection was analyzed using the compare proportions test. Poisson and Cox multivariate regression models were used to estimate vaccine effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of HPV infection between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (23.6% vs. 18.7%; p = 0.364). However, the prevalence of infection by HPV 6/11, 16 and 18 types in vaccinated young women (1.1%) was lower than in unvaccinated ones (7.5%; p = 0.030). Regarding non-vaccine types, a higher prevalence was identified among vaccinated women (22.5% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.018). The overall incidence of HPV infection was 15.75/100 young women/year in non-immunized women compared to 9.12/100 young women/year among those immunized. The effectiveness of the vaccine was 64.0%, regardless of the viral type, and no vaccinated woman was detected with the specific vaccine HPV-type in follow-up. HPV33/45, related to cross-protection, were detected in 12.3% of vaccinated women and 1.2% of unvaccinated ones (p < 0.001) at baseline. These viral types were identified at follow-up in 2.03/100 young women/year of vaccinated participants and 4.24/100 young women/year of unvaccinated ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine was effective in reducing the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV and the incidence of infection by any HPV type. Public health policies must encourage vaccination to prevent HPV infection. However, surveillance of HPV infection should be continued to assess the prevalence of different genotypes and the impact of the vaccination program.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination therapy versus monotherapy: retrospective analysis of antibiotic treatment of enterococcal endocarditis.","authors":"Razan Saman, Christopher P Primus, Robert West, Simon J Woldman, Jonathan A T Sandoe","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10451-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10451-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guidelines suggest treating fully penicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis strains causing infective endocarditis with amoxicillin combined with gentamicin or ceftriaxone, but clinical evidence to support this practice is limited and monotherapy cohorts were excluded from studies. We describe antibiotic treatment, complications, and outcomes in patients with Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis, specifically comparing monotherapy versus combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected cohort of patients with definite or possible infective endocarditis from 2 English centres between 2006 and 2021. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury, relapse, and clinical cure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>178 individuals were included: median age was 72 years (interquartile range 60-79), male sex majority (138, 78%) and mostly native valve endocarditis (108, 61%). Thirty-nine patients (22%) received monotherapy (penicillin/glycopeptide/linezolid/daptomycin), 128 (72%) combination with gentamicin, 11 (6%) combination with ceftriaxone. Patients on combination therapy with gentamicin had a statistically significant lower 30-day mortality than those treated with monotherapy (21 (16.4%) versus 15 (38.5%) p = 0.035) and higher rates of clinical cure (101 (78.9%) versus 23 (59.0%) p = 0.018). Patient receiving gentamicin were more likely to experience acute kidney injury (64 (50%) versus 11 (28.2%) p = 0.057). Ceftriaxone combination was associated with poor outcomes, but the sample size was small.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients treated with combination gentamicin therapy had better clinical outcomes than patients treated with monotherapy. Low-dose gentamicin regimens were associated with acute kidney injury. Patients treated with combinations were different to those treated with monotherapy and confounding remains a concern with observational analyses. An adequately powered clinical trial is needed to determine optimal treatment of enterococcal endocarditis.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early onset neonatal bloodstream infections in South African hospitals.","authors":"Genevieve Theron, Adrie Bekker, Larisse Bolton, Andrew Whitelaw, Arnoldus Engelbrecht, Louisa Erasmus, Aaqilah Fataar, Chandre Geldenhuys, Marlize Kunneke, Dave Le Roux, Natasha O'Connell, Kessendri Reddy, Natasha Rhoda, Lloyd Tooke, Mark Wates, Thandi Wessels, Angela Dramowski","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10406-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10406-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of death in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Increasing antibiotic resistance in early onset (< 72 h of life) bloodstream infection (EO-BSI) pathogens in LMIC has reduced the effectiveness of the recommended empiric antibiotic regimen (ampicillin plus gentamicin).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed blood culture-confirmed EO-BSI episodes at nine neonatal units from three central and six peripheral hospitals in the Western Cape Province, South Africa between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Clinical and electronic laboratory records were reviewed to determine pathogen profile, empiric antibiotic coverage rates and factors associated with EO-BSI attributable mortality, stratified by hospital type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 8252 blood culture specimens submitted for the investigation of suspected EO-BSI, 136 EO-BSI episodes yielding 141 pathogens were identified with an EO-BSI rate of 1.3 and 0.5 episodes/1000 live births at central and peripheral hospitals respectively. Preterm (93/136; 68.3%) and low birth weight (84/136; 61.8%) neonates were most affected. The predominant pathogens were Streptococcus agalactiae (46/136; 34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17/136; 13%), Listeria monocytogenes (11/136; 8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11/136; 8%) and Escherichia coli (11/136; 8%). The empiric antibiotic (ampicillin plus gentamicin) coverage rate was 64% (95% CI 51-74) at central hospitals and 84% (95% CI 74-94) at peripheral hospitals. Neonates with Gram-negative EO-BSI and discordant empiric antibiotic therapy had almost four-fold and three-fold higher odds of death respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preterm and low birth weight neonates are most vulnerable to EO-BSI and have higher odds of death with Gram-negative pathogens and discordant empiric antibiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective observational cohort study of HIV infection in Indonesia: baseline characteristics and one-year mortality.","authors":"Tuti P Merati, Evy Yunihastuti, Rudi Wisaksana, Nia Kurniati, Dona Arlinda, Muhammad Karyana, Nugroho H Susanto, Dewi Lokida, Herman Kosasih, Aly Diana, Lois E Bang, Melinda Setiyaningrum, Desrinawati M Amin, Eppy Eppy, Wiwit A S N Cahyawati, Emon W Danudirgo, I Made Gede Darmaja, Nur Farhanah, Carta A Gunawan, Usman Hadi, Kurnia F Jamil, Sudirman Katu, Tambar Kembaren, I Gede Rai Kosa, Danang L Norosingomurti, Asep Purnama, Ida S Laksanawati, Adria Rusli, I Ketut Agus Somia, Yanri W Subronto, Ivan L Toruan, Renee Ridzon, C Jason Liang, Aaron T Neal, Ray Y Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10354-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10354-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The incidence rate of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Indonesia decreased from 21 per 100,000 in 2011 to 10 per 100,000 in 2021. Despite this progress, AIDS-related deaths among people living with HIV (PLWH) increased from 3.4% in 2010 to 4.8% in 2020. Determining risk factors for mortality may identify areas to intervene and reduce mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of HIV infection, coinfections, and comorbidities (INA-PROACTIVE) was carried out at 19 hospitals across major islands in Indonesia. The study enrolled PLWH from 2018-2020 and followed them for 3 years. For this analysis, PLWH ≥ 18 years old with one year of follow-up data were included. Cox regression was used to identify variables at enrollment that correlated with one-year mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 4,050 PLWH analysed in the study, 68.8% were male, 53.5% acquired HIV through heterosexual transmission, 92.4% were on antiretroviral treatment (ART) at enrollment, and 72.4% had an undetectable viral load. At one year, 115 (2.8%) had died. Detectable viremia at enrollment was significantly associated with mortality, with the risk increasing as the viral load (VL) category increased (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.47, 95% CI: 1.47-13.56 for VL 50 to < 1,000 copies/mL; aHR 7.88, 95% CI: 2.80-22.20 for VL 1,000 to 10,000 copies/mL; and aHR 18.33, 95% CI: 7.94-42.34 for VL > 10,000 copies/mL; compared to VL < 50 copies/mL). Other factors at enrollment significantly associated with mortality were a CD4 + count < 200 (aHR 8.02, 95% CI: 2.69-23.86; compared to ≥ 350), age 40-49 years (aHR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23-3.87; compared to 18-29 years) and being underweight (aHR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.18-2.85; compared to normal weight).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among predominantly treatment-experienced PLWH, detectable viremia and continued immunosuppression were significantly associated with one-year mortality. This study highlights the importance of ART with complete viral suppression as well as immune recovery to prevent mortality.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trial Number: NCT03663920, registration date: 4 January 2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human infective endocarditis and septic shock caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 1.","authors":"Wei Yang, Chun Yang, Xiaoxiong Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10489-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10489-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus suis(SS) infection is a zoonotic acute infectious disease, SS infective endocarditis is relatively rare, there is no case report of Streptococcus suis Serotype 1(SS1) causing mitral valve infection.The rapid progression of this patient's infection and the severe damage to the valve structure differ from the previous understanding of the relatively low virulence of SS1. Early diagnosis and selection of the correct antibiotic treatment according to the drug sensitivity is very important. If the infection causes damage to the structure of the body's mitral valve, resulting in regurgitation of blood and heart failure, prompt surgical treatment should be performed to improve heart function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases-producing Shigella in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Namwin Siourimè Somda, Rabbi Nyarkoh, Abel Tankoano, Ouindgueta Juste Isidore Bonkoungou, Patience B Tetteh-Quarcoo, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.1186/s12879-024-10266-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-024-10266-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment of Shigella infections has become a major challenge due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella. There is however insufficient knowledge regarding the molecular epidemiology of Shigella strains producing beta-lactamases in Africa. This systematic review investigated the scientific literature on the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemases producing Shigella in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Papers published in English and French from African countries on the molecular epidemiology of ESBL and carbapenemase producing Shigella from January 1999 to July 5, 2024 were reviewed. An extensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, African Journals Online (AJOL) and Google scholar using specific keywords. The meta-analysis and forest plots of Shigella species, ESBL and carbapenemases genes were done using the comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. All data were analyzed using a binary random-effects model by the DerSimonian-Laird method at a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 583 research articles, only 18 (3.1%) articles representing eleven countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of ESBL and Carbapenem Resistant (CR)-producing Shigella was estimated as 41.2% (95% CI: 22.8-62.4; I² = 93.7%, p < 0.05). The leading ESBL and CR-producing Shigella species reported in this review was Shigella flexneri, 34.5% (95% CI: 16.6-58.2; I² = 94.9%, p < 0.05). ESBL and CR-producing Shigella sonnei was the least reported with estimated prevalence of 6.7% (95% CI: 3.4-13.2; I² = 80.7%, p < 0.05). In this review, bla_TEM, bla_OXA-1, and bla_CTX-M were the most prevalent genes in Africa with prevalence of 25.9% (95% CI: 13.9-43.2; I² = 90.9%, p < 0.05), 25.7% (95% CI: 14.9-43.0; I² = 93.7%, p < 0.05), and 10.8% (95% CI: 4.5-23.4; I² = 85.6%, p < 0.05) respectively. The prevalence of Carbapenemases genes on the other hand was low, reported as 0.8% (95% CI: 0.2-10.3; I² = 51.4%; p < 0.05) for bla_NDM, 1.1% for bla_KPC, and 0.5% for bla_IMP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted Shigella flexneri as the most prevalent ESBL and CR-producing Shigella species found in various African countries. The findings from this review indicate bla_TEM, bla_OXA-1 and bla_CTX-M as the most prevalent genes in Africa while carbapenemases are least prevalent. The findings from the study suggest that ESBL and CR-producing Shigella pose a significant public health threat in Africa. Effective antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance strategies are needed to improve the management and treatment of Shigella infections in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of progression to severity and death in COVID-19 patients at two health care sites in Bamako, Mali.","authors":"Abdoulaye Mamadou Traore, Mamadou Karim Toure, Yaya Ibrahim Coulibaly, Modibo Keita, Bakary Diarra, Salif Sanafo, Garan Dabo, Mamoudou Kodio, Bourama Traore, Aminata Diarra, Adama Dicko, Hamar A Traore, Ousmane Faye, Daouda K Minta","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10456-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10456-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the clinical and biological characteristics and to evaluate the risk factors associated with the mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Commune IV of the District of Bamako.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort consisted of COVID-19 patients managed from March 2020 to June 2022 at the Bamako Dermatology Hospital and the Pasteur Polyclinic in Commune IV in Bamako. The studied variables were sociodemographic, clinical, and biological. For the analysis of deaths, explanatory variables were grouped into sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and symptoms. Binomial logistic regression models were used to identify mortality associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1319 included patients, 38.4% were asymptomatic, 46% and 15.5% developed moderate or severe COVID-19 respectively. The predominant signs were cough (48.5%), respiratory difficulty (24.6%) and headache (19.7%). Male were more common (58.2%). High blood pressure (19.9%) and diabetes (10%) were the main comorbidities. D-dimers < 0.5 μg/l was found in 53.3% of cases and the mean hemoglobin level was 12.9 ± 1.7 g/l. The case fatality rate was 3.71% in our series. In bivariate analysis, age > 60 years, high blood pressure, diabetes, clinical severity, D-dimers < 0.5 μg/l were associated with death. Using binomial logistic regression method, age > 60 years, increased heart rate, disease severity level and mainly acute respiratory distress syndrome (polypnea, difficulty breathing) were the factors found associated with death. After adjusting for all the assessed factors, age < 60 years [aHR = 0.15 (0.06-0.35)] and administration of azithromycin [aHR = 0.31 (0.1-0.97)] were protective factors while higher respiratory rate [aHR = 1.14 (1.07-1.22)] and difficulty breathing [aHR = 3.06 (1.03-9.13)] were risk factors associated with death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These main findings elucidate the factors associated with severity and lethality external of health care system constraints. Advanced age, higher heart rate and the development of respiratory distress were the factors significantly associated with increased fatalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}