BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Operational evaluation of the deployment of Malaria/CRP Duo and Dengue Duo rapid diagnostic tests for the management of febrile illness by village malaria workers in rural Cambodia.","authors":"Marc T Visser, Dysoley Lek, Bipin Adhikari, Arjun Chandna, Moul Vanna, Sam Ol, Voeurng Bunreth, Chan Davoeung, Yok Sovann, Dafne Umans, Yoel Lubell, Rusheng Chew, Richard J Maude, Rob W van der Pluijm, Rupam Tripura, Naomi Waithira, Siv Sovannaroth, Michèle van Vugt, Lorenz von Seidlein, Mavuto Mukaka, Arjen Dondorp, Thomas J Peto, James J Callery","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11016-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11016-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The decline in malaria cases in Cambodia has led to a relative increase in non-malarial febrile illness. In rural Cambodia, village malaria workers (VMWs) provide early diagnosis and treatment for malaria, but their role and relevance are diminishing as malaria cases decline. Expanding VMW roles would ensure continued utilisation of their services until malaria elimination is achieved and strengthen community health services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed methods operational research study was implemented to evaluate the use of two combination-RDTs (combo-RDTs) as an expansion of the VMW role, enabling VMWs in Cambodia to test for diseases other than malaria for the first time. VMWs in 78 villages in Battambang and Pailin Provinces were trained and provided with either a Malaria/CRP Duo or Dengue Duo RDT to assess febrile patients. Data were collected on VMW consultations, and combo-RDT usage and results. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and competency assessments of combo-RDT usage were conducted with VMWs. The main objectives were to determine whether VMWs could perform these combo-RDTs correctly and follow management algorithms, and whether deployment had an impact on VMW consultation rates. Perspectives concerning role expansion and the feasibility of conducting additional tests were also explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between June 2022, and May 2023, a total of 2,425 febrile patients were assessed with either a Malaria/CRP Duo or Dengue Duo RDT. Active dengue infection (NS1- and/or IgM-positive) was identified in 1.2% (11/915) of patients. Positive CRP results (> 20 mg/L) were found for 3.2% (48/1,510) of patients. Following deployment, there was an immediate mean increase of 4.4 VMW consultations per month, from 9.0 to 13.4 (p < 0.01). Competency assessments revealed that some VMWs had difficulty performing the Dengue Duo RDT, particularly in collecting the correct blood volume. This limitation may have led to false-negative dengue NS1 results. VMWs and community members were keen to broaden the skills and responsibilities of VMWs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deploying combo-RDTs to VMWs led to a higher utilization of their services. Difficulties performing some aspects of the Dengue Duo RDT, low positivity rates, and a lack of actionable outcomes within the existing context of VMW services suggest that alternative interventions may be better suited for VMW role expansion at this time. Overall, VMWs and community members were receptive to the expansion of the VMW role for a wider range of diseases other than malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral blood cytokine profiles predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an EPIC³ study analysis.","authors":"Xumin Li, Vivek Pakanati, Cindy Liu, Tracy Wang, Daniel Morelli, Anna Korpak, Aaron Baraff, Stuart N Isaacs, Amy Vittor, Kyong-Mi Chang, Elizabeth Le, Nicholas L Smith, Jennifer S Lee, Jennifer M Ross, Javeed A Shah","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10914-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10914-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Predicting which patients will develop severe COVID-19 complications could improve clinical care. Peripheral blood cytokine profiles may predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but none have been identified in US Veterans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed peripheral blood cytokine profiles from 202 participants in the EPIC³ study, a prospective observational cohort of US Veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2 across 15 VA medical centers. Illness severity was assessed based on the highest level documented during the first 60 days after recruitment. We correlated cytokine levels with illness severity using LASSO logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost models on a 70% training set and calculated the AUC on a 30% test set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LASSO regression identified 6 cytokines as predictors of SARS-CoV-2 severity with 77.3% AUC in the test set. Random forest and XGBoost models achieved an AUC of 80.4% and 80.7% in the test set, respectively. All models assigned a feature importance to each cytokine, with IP-10, MCP-1, and HGF consistently identified as key markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cytokine profiles are predictive of SARS-CoV-2 severity in US Veterans and may guide tailored interventions for improved patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotavirus prevalence and genotypes in the Central African Republic, 2011-2021.","authors":"Joël W Dote, Virginie Banga Mingo, Jean Fandema, Jean C Gody, Jason M Mwenda, Mathew D Esona, Michael D Bowen, Narcisse Patrice J Komas, Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache, Diane Waku-Kouomou","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11057-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11057-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of major causes of death in infants, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Central African Republic (CAR), sentinel surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis was established in 2011. In this study, we assessed the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis and identified rotavirus strains circulating in CAR during 2011-2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool samples were collected from < 5-year-old children with diarrhoea according to WHO criteria, at the sentinel site in Bangui, CAR. Samples were screened for group A rotavirus antigen by EIA. RNA was extracted from all EIA-positive samples which were subjected to genotyping using a semi nested RT-PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2011 to 2021, 1855 stool samples were collected and 854 (46.0%) were positive for rotavirus by EIA. Genotypes were obtained from 77.3% (660/854) EIA positive samples. Of these 660 samples, genotypes funds were: G1 (35.4%) and G2 (26.6%) for VP7, and P[6] (42.7%) and P[8] (35.6%) for the VP4 gene. The most frequent genotype combinations were G1P[8], 19.3% and G1P[6], 15.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reports the prevalence of rotavirus genotypes that circulated for ten years, providing a pre-vaccine baseline data genotype estimate for rotavirus gastroenteritis sentinel surveillance in the Central African Republic.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Cervical suppurative lymphadenitis caused by burkholderia multivorans in a healthy child.","authors":"Bei-Bei Niu, Jing-Jing Xu, Ji-An Li, Ling-Dong Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11033-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11033-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical suppurative lymphadenitis in children is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. However, cases caused by Burkholderia multivorans (BM) are rare. The clinical presentation lacks specificity, making it difficult for clinicians to recognize, which may delay diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of a 5-year-old boy admitted with recurrent fever and neck swelling. Initial treatment with meropenem and linezolid was ineffective, and symptoms persisted after 24 days of conservative therapy. Aspiration of pus yielded negative culture results. Definitive diagnosis was achieved through surgical biopsy of cervical lymph nodes, pathological examination, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which identified BM as the causative pathogen. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and meropenem. The cervical lesion exhibited granulomatous inflammation and was managed with adjunctive vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy, resulting in complete wound healing without recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study aims to raise awareness among all specialists about BM as a potential causative agent in cervical suppurative lymphadenitis. Early recognition and timely intervention can reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses, improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facet joint arthritis as the presenting symptom for culture-negative Aggregatibacter aphrophilus native valve endocarditis in a patient without known cardiac disease: a case report.","authors":"Yurika Okuyama, Koki Kikuchi, Samuel David Stephenson, Naritomo Nishioka, Takahiro Doi, Junya Yamagishi, Satoshi Yuda","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10913-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10913-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (A. aphrophilus) is a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE), but is a recognized cause of culture-negative IE. The risk of developing IE is increased in patients with valvular disease or prosthetic valves. To our knowledge, A. aphrophilus has never previously been reported to cause lumbar facet joint arthritis in combination with IE.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the first case where facet joint arthritis was the presenting symptom for culture-negative A. aphrophilus native valve IE in a patient with no prior cardiac disease. A 58-year-old Japanese male without known cardiac disease, presented with high fever, chills, and lower back pain. Initial laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and transaminitis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed an aortic valve vegetation with moderate aortic regurgitation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high-intensity areas in the right iliopsoas muscle and L4/L5 facet joint, indicative of fluid accumulation and disseminated lesions. Multiple sets of blood cultures showed no bacterial growth. Broad-range polymerase chain reaction (br-PCR) for 16S ribosomal RNA on both blood and hepatocytes (due to the patient's acute liver damage) also failed to identify the causative organism. The patient developed heart failure, and transesophageal echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation and an aneurysm at the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve with perforation. He underwent aortic valve replacement and his symptoms were promptly improved. Although cultures from the excised valve were negative, br-PCR on the valve tissue eventually confirmed the presence of A. aphrophilus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first reported case of culture-negative native valve IE caused by A. aphrophilus presenting with facet joint arthritis in a patient without known cardiac disease. Our case emphasizes the importance of considering IE in patients with fever and unexplained musculoskeletal pain, even without known cardiac disease. When conventional diagnostic tests are inconclusive, br-PCR on excised valve tissue is indispensable. Further improvements in non-invasive diagnostic methods are needed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing characterization of respiratory pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection.","authors":"Chunhong Li, Xinghong Zhang, Panyan Liu, Manping Lu, Lin Xiao, Fengyu Ou, Hailan Deng, Wenjian Zhang, Zhenfeng Deng, Shengqiang Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11051-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11051-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a significant global health burden, particularly affecting infants and young children with high morbidity and mortality rates. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) has emerged as a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool capable of identifying a broad range of respiratory tract infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Oropharyngeal swabs and sputum samples were collected from patients and subjected to tNGS and sputum culture, respectively, for diagnosing ARIs. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data to explore the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic application of tNGS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 336 pediatric patients with confirmed ARIs. tNGS detected 38 potential pathogens, comprising 25 species (15 bacteria and 10 viruses) and 13 viral subtypes. The overall microbial detection rate using tNGS was 100%. The leading bacterial pathogens identified were Streptococcus pneumoniae (36.0%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (30.4%), Streptococcus intermedius (29.5%), Moraxella catarrhalis (27.1%), and Hemophilus influenzae (20.2%). The predominant viral pathogens included human adenovirus (31.3%), human rhinovirus (26.5%), human parainfluenza virus (25.0%), cytomegalovirus (19.0%), and human bocavirus (11.0%). Among the 94 patients who underwent simultaneous sputum culture and Gram staining, tNGS exhibited a superior detection rate compared to sputum culture (100% vs. 53.2%). Among the 50 patients with concordant positive results for both tNGS and sputum culture, 80% (40/50) demonstrated full or partial agreement. Additionally, tNGS revealed age-specific heterogeneity in pathogen distribution across different age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Traditional diagnostic methods often fall short of meeting the diagnostic demands of ARIs. This study underscores the potential of tNGS in oropharyngeal swabs for enhancing pathogen detection, thereby improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ARIs.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>This study represents the first investigation utilizing oropharyngeal swabs for tNGS in diagnosing and treating ARIs. By analyzing surveillance data from a local hospital's patients with ARIs, we have identified the spectrum of bacterial and viral pathogens and explored demographic differences among patients. These findings underscore the potential of tNGS in ARI surveillance, diagnosis, pathogen detection, and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a risk prediction model for tigecycline-induced hypofibrinogenemia in septic patients: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Hongling Ma, Zhaotang Gong, Jia Sun, LiNa Chen, GuLeng SiRi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11019-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11019-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tigecycline is widely used in China to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, with hypofibrinogenemia being the most common adverse effect due to its impact on coagulation. Although a predictive model for tigecycline-induced hypofibrinogenemia has been developed, it lacks external validation. This study aims to construct a predictive model for the risk of tigecycline-induced hypofibrinogenemia in sepsis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from sepsis patients treated with tigecycline in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between January 2018 and June 2024. Risk factors for tigecycline-induced hypofibrinogenemia were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A nomogram prediction model was developed and externally validated using the MIMIC-IV database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 465 patients participated, with 411 in the training set and 54 in the external validation set. Independent risk factors for hypofibrinogenemia included age (OR: 1.02, p = 0.009), duration of tigecycline treatment (OR: 1.33, p < 0.001), baseline fibrinogen level (OR: 0.65, p < 0.001), baseline platelet count (OR: 0.99, p = 0.025), and the presence of tumors (OR: 2.17, p = 0.021). The model demonstrated an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.89) in the training cohort and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71-0.95) in the validation cohort. Calibration curves for both cohorts showed strong agreement between predicted and observed hypofibrinogenemia. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated good clinical applicability of the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed predictive model effectively predicts the risk of tigecycline-induced hypofibrinogenemia in sepsis patients, providing valuable information for clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of anti-Spike protein antibody levels on tocilizumab efficacy in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a post-hoc analysis of the COVACTA trial.","authors":"José Aguareles, Carles Forné, Ana García-Casas, Guillermo Santamaría-Corral, Daniel Carnevali-Ruiz, Gabriel Sotres-Fernández, Javier T Solera, Pablo Guisado-Vasco","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11001-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11001-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our aim in this work is to find biomarkers to optimize therapy with IL-6 inhibitors, as not all clinical trials have shown clear benefits on mortality or mechanical ventilation progression. Given the link between delayed seroconversion and higher complication risks, we aim to test if evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody status before treatment could enhance IL-6 inhibitor therapy effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a post hoc analysis of the COVACTA study, a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Cox and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the tocilizumab's efficacy in severe COVID-19 patients on survival and ICU stay at day 28, based on SARS-CoV-2 S-spike and neutralizing antibody levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tocilizumab reduced 28-day mortality over placebo in patients with low S-spike antibody titers (20% vs. 29%). No benefit was observed for higher antibody levels. Patients with low S-spike antibody levels treated with tocilizumab exhibited a lower probability of ICU stay at day 28 compared to those treated with placebo (63% vs. 82%). No significant differences were noted in mortality and ICU stay based on whole neutralizing antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that using IL-6 inhibitors in severe COVID-19 patients with low S-spike antibody titers may improve clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence trends of transfusion-transmitted infections at a tertiary private hospital blood bank in Uganda: a retrospective 6-year review (2017-2022).","authors":"Andrew Marvin Kanyike, Frank Kakuba, Posiano Mayambala, Racheal Nalunkuma, Rachael Mukisa Nakandi, Yusuf Mulumba, Edith Namulema, Simon Peter Nsingo, Robinson Ssebuufu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10882-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10882-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood transfusion is a life-saving medical intervention that can transmit transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). In Uganda, prevalent infections in the general population may increase the risk of TTIs. This study determined the trends in seroprevalence of TTIs, including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and syphilis among blood donations over a 6-year period at a tertiary hospital blood bank in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing data from Mengo Hospital Rotary Blood Bank in central Uganda. Data was accessed through the central electronic system of Uganda Blood Transfusion Services for January 2017 to December 2022. Data was analyzed using STATA version 16.0. Descriptive statistics and time trend analysis were performed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 24,547 blood donations, the majority of which were male donors (18,525, 75.5%) within the age group of 25-40 years (9737, 39.7%) and of Blood group O (12,509, 51.0%). The overall prevalence of TTIs was 8.7% (2,142) and significantly higher among males (8.9%, p < 0.001) and those over 40 years (10.7%, p < 0.01). Syphilis had the highest prevalence at 3.0%, followed by HBV (2.8%), HCV (1.7%), and HIV (1.3%). Co-infections were observed in 0.6% (136) of the donors, with the most common being HBV and syphilis (33, 0.1%). The prevalence trends of TTIs analysed among new donations decreased from 13.7% in 2017 to 8.9% in 2022 (p = 0.124). Only HCV showed a statistically significant variation, decreasing from 5.2% in 2017 to 1.7% in 2022 (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a decreasing trend of TTIs among blood donors in Central Uganda, although the prevalence of HBV and Syphilis remains high. Additional public health interventions to decrease TTI rates in the general population may increase the safety of blood transfusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-inferiority stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial on all-oral shorter regimens for rifampicin resistant/multidrug-resistant TB in Pakistan - a study protocol.","authors":"Nida Khan, Muhammad Ahmar Khan, Naila Muzaffar, Ahmad Ismail, Abdul Ghafoor, Jonathon R Campbell, Gwenaelle Le Coroller, Zia Un Nisa, Corinne Simone Merle, Muhammad Amir Khan","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11068-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11068-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pakistan has one of the largest burdens of rifampicin-resistant/ multidrug-resistant TB according to the global estimates. Novel all oral treatment regimens containing new antibiotics with reduced treatment duration are available. World Health Organization guidelines recommend the use of shorter all-oral regimens under operational research. To guide recommendations, we will compare two all-oral, short (≤ 11 months) regimens for the outcomes of efficacy, safety, cost, and health-related quality of life under programmatic conditions in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a stepped wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial with economic evaluation and health related quality of life sub-studies. Modified all-oral 9-month regimen will be sequentially rolled-out compared with the standard all-oral 11-month regimen at 12 sites in Punjab, Islamabad and Azad Jammu and Kashmir region, Pakistan. A total of 400 eligible participants will be enrolled in both study arms. The primary outcome is difference in efficacy as measured by the proportion of patients with treatment success without recurrence at 12 months after the end of treatment between regimens using a non-inferiority design with a margin of 12%. The intention to treat analysis principle will be employed and a marginal mean model with Poisson generalized estimation equations, and a log-link will be used to assess the relative risk. The economic evaluation will be carried out from the healthcare providers perspective; linear mixed models will be used to estimate differences in costs between arms. Health related quality of life will be measured with the EQ-5D-3L quality of life questionnaire at four time points during the study period. The impact will be assessed by calculating the changes for each participant between time points. Ethical approval for this study has been obtained from national bioethics committee, Pakistan (Ref: No.4-87/NBC-491/20/48).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study's findings will be disseminated to physicians, program implementers, scientific audiences, and policymakers on both a national and international level via reports, presentations, and scientific publications.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN registry. ISRCTN17334530, 'retrospectively registered' on 8th February 2021. 'Clinical trial number: not applicable.'</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}