BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Effect of low vs. high Vancomycin trough level on the clinical outcomes of adult patients with sepsis or gram-positive bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Subhash Chander, Roopa Kumari, Hong Yu Wang, Yaqub Nadeem Mohammed, Om Parkash, Sindhu Lohana, Fnu Sorath, Abhi Chand Lohana, Fnu Sadarat, Sheena Shiwlani","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10745-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10745-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline predictors of antibiotics de-escalation from empirical therapies in an intensive care unit: a five-year retrospective study.","authors":"Ann Lisa Arulappen, Amer Hayat Khan, Monica Danial, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Ting Soo Chow, Nehad Jaser Ahmed, Chiau Ming Long","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10752-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10752-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The alarming rate of bacterial resistance has urged for vigorous antibiotic de-escalation cultures worldwide. However, the art of de-escalation remains challenging as most clinicians have the fear or stigma that antibiotic de-escalation is strongly associated with higher mortality. This study aimed to determine the factors strongly correlated with higher mortality rates after antibiotic de-escalation and possibly serve as a benchmark study for developing a validated antibiotic de-escalation tool in the near future.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized in a medical intensive care unit of a referral tertiary care center and subjected to antibiotics de-escalation over five years. Independent factors associated with mortality post antibiotics de-escalation were assessed. Various data were collected, including patient demographics, admission and discharge dates, a primary source of infection and free of infection status, choices of antibiotic used and de-escalation history, vital signs, data on X-ray changes, relevant laboratory investigations, microbiological culture history, mortality status, history of COVID-19 infection, presence of central line, number of vasopressors used, ventilator settings and respective SOFA scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of mortality among patients continued on broad-spectrum antibiotics empirically is remarkable. Through this study, it was found that the significant factors associated with mortality post antibiotic de-escalation were hospital-acquired infection (HAI) (Adjusted OR: 12.56; 95% CI: 2.88,54.98; p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (Adjusted OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02,0.33; p < 0.001), heart rate in bpm (Adjusted OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03,0.45; p:0.002), SOFA scores (Adjusted OR: 21.44; 95% CI: 3.55,129.52; p:0.001) and number of vasopressors (Adjusted OR: 38.46; 95% CI: 1.54,959.30; p:0.026).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>De-escalation of antibiotics is considerable as the identified significant factors serve as baseline predictors which would certainly be helpful especially during the decision-making process of antibiotic de-escalation among the clinicians. Therefore, antibiotics de-escalation is highly encouraged to reduce the mortality risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traceability of septic shock caused by phocaeicola vulgatus: a rare case report.","authors":"Shouping Wang, Wang Niu, Tao Lv, Kunlin Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10771-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10771-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phocaeicola vulgatus (P.vulgatus) is a member of Bacteroides fragilis Group(BFG). Septic shock caused by P.vulgatus has not been reported yet. In recent years, BFG have attracted much clinical attention. BFG are the commensal microbiota residing in human mucosal sites, most notably the gut, that provide several benefits to healthy hosts. Yet BFG can cause devastating infections when they gain access to normally sterile body compartments following trauma, surgery, or mucosal barrier disruption.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of septic shock event in a middle-aged male who underwent surgical intervention for a gallbladder mass incidentally detected during routine abdominal CT screening. P.vulgatus was isolated and cultured from blood sample and abdominal drainage fluid after surgery. We further performed the Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) with pathological slices of colon and hepatobiliary tissue, and result of mNGS also showed P.vulgatus. The patient was treated with comprehensive therapies and had a good outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, septic shock secondary to P.vulgatus infection originating from non-gastrointestinal area represents an rare clinical condition. We realized that research on BFG should not only focus on its positive effects on the intestine, but also on its potential pathogenicity, including intra-abdominal infections, abscesses, and bloodstream infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and viral co-infection in children diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae admitted to Russian hospitals during October 2023-February 2024.","authors":"Elena Korneenko, Irina Rog, Ivan Chudinov, Aleksandra Lukina-Gronskaya, Anfisa Kozyreva, Ilmira Belyaletdinova, Julia Kuzmina, Oleg Fedorov, Daria Evsyutina, Alexey Shunaev, Daria Matyushkina, Vadim Govorun, Anna Speranskaya","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10712-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10712-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common bacterial respiratory infection that can cause pneumonia, particularly in children. Previously published data have highlighted the high incidence of viral co-infections and the problem of increasing macrolide resistance in MP worldwide.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>(1) to estimate the impact of viral infections circulating in a local population on the spectrum of co-infection in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), (2) to determine if there are differences in resistance mutation rate for samples from hospitals of Russia located in the European and Far East, (3) to describe genomic characteristics of MP from Russian patients during the MPP outbreaks in the fall-winter of 2023-2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The carriage of viral pathogens was analyzed by real-time PCR in children with MPP from the European Part and Far East of Russian Federation and compared with the infections from two control groups. The V region of the 23S gene and the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the parC and gyrA genes were sequenced to detect resistance-associated mutations in MP. Whole-genome sequencing method was used to determine the genetic relationship of a Russian MP isolate with known MP isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 62% of patients with MPP had a viral co-infection, with HPIV and SARS-CoV-2 predominating at 47% and 12.4%, respectively. The 15% of patients were infected with two or more viruses. In the control groups, 21% of healthy children and 43% of healthy adults were infected with Coronaviruses and Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIV-3 and -4), respectively. The 2063 A/G mutation of the 23S gene was found in 40.8% of patients from European Russia and in 35.7% of patients from the Far East. The result of core genes demonstrates that the sequence obtained from Russia clusters with sequences from clade 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both HPIV and SARS-CoV-2 circulated in the population among healthy children and adults in December 2023 and they also were predominated in children with MPP. The rate of macrolide resistance was ⁓40%, which is higher than in European countries and significantly lower than in patients from Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed the MP genome form Russia related to P1 type 1 (clade 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of human brucellosis in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fikir Asrie, Mastewal Birhan, Mulat Dagnew, Nega Berhane","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10502-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10502-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is a significant public health challenge in Ethiopia, which is characterized by a high prevalence among humans. The disease is primarily transmitted through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, direct contact with infected animals, or inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In addition to its impact on human health, brucellosis imposes substantial economic burdens. However, existing epidemiological studies provide inconsistent prevalence estimates, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive and systematic analysis of the disease's burden and associated risk factors in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to generate representative data on the prevalence of human brucellosis in Ethiopia. We searched databases like PubMed and Science Direct for articles published between 2007 and 2022. The analysis included 26 studies covering 5,718 human serum samples. The Complement Fixation Test served as the confirmatory diagnostic test. The results suggest a relatively high seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Ethiopia, with an overall pooled prevalence of 14.0% (95% CI: 10.23, 18.12). Prevalence varied significantly across regions, with the highest observed in Afar (24.21%) and the lowest in Oromia (7.75%). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I² = 97.64%), suggesting significant variations in prevalence across regions and over time. Additionally, the analysis suggests a possible increasing trend in prevalence over the years. Human brucellosis is a significant health concern in Ethiopia, and further research is crucial for effective prevention and control. The higher prevalence than previously reported in meta-analyses underscores the urgent need for intervention strategies from policymakers, such as the Ministry of Health. Identifying risk factors associated with human brucellosis is essential for implementing effective control measures. Prioritizing brucellosis prevention and control is vital for ensuring public health and well-being. Prospero registration number: CRD42022350237.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of high dose corticosteroid (methylperednisolone pulse therapy) in treatment of multi-organ involvement after bacterial pneumonia and pleural empyema; \"case series\".","authors":"Seyed Hossein Mirlohi, Sanaz Tajfirooz, Mitra Rouhi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10719-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10719-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parapneumonic effusions and empyema usually occur after bacterial pneumonia. Inflammation plays an essential role in the occurrence of pneumonia and can lead to an autoinflammatory condition. In this study, we will present three cases including multi-organ involvement following pleural empyema that have been treated with pulse corticosteroid therapy. Apparently, pleural empyema can lead to multi-organ involvement due to underlying inflammatory processes. This condition is usually associated with symptoms and changes in laboratory parameters that manifest after empyema treatment or reappear after temporary recovery. Hence, managing this condition by pulse corticosteroid therapy can result in positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial strategies of lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised patients based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a retrospective study.","authors":"Beibei Meng, Haichao Liu, Qinliang Wu, Lei Qu, Congzheng Mao, Fang Yang, Tianzhou Lan, Juan Fang, Zhenhong Hu, Yao Fang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10753-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10753-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunocompromised patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) frequently encounter a diverse range of pathogenic infections, characterized by rapid disease progression and significant mortality rates due to reckless or excessive utilization of antibiotics. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly and accurately identify the causative microorganisms for pathogen diagnosis and clinical decision-making. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical applicability of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis and management of LRTI, as well as its impact on empirical antibacterial therapy for patients with varying immune statuses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comparative analysis of positivity rate, detection accuracy, pathogen spectrum, duration of treatment (DOT), and antibiotic management in a cohort of 283 patients diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The positive detection rate was higher in mNGS compared to conventional culture in both immunocompetent group (89.92% vs. 28.57%, P < 0.001) and immunocompromised group (84.44% vs. 33.33%, P < 0.001). The antibiotic escalation in the immunocompromised group was more frequent than that in the immunocompetent group (49.00% vs. 31.00%, P = 0.018), but no difference was observed for antibiotic de-escalation (20.00% vs. 15.00%, P = 0.458).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of mNGS can significantly enhance the pathogen detection rate and optimize antimicrobial drug management in immunocompromised patients with LRTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into bloodstream infections in South African paediatric burn patients: implications for antimicrobial stewardship.","authors":"Michael Christie, Theunis Avenant, Masindi Nembudani, Anelisa Mnqandi, Chris Muller, Mariza de Villiers, Zeenat Bhikhoo","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10582-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10582-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality in paediatric burn patients from low- and middle-income countries; with common pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently being multidrug resistant (MDR). Due to the growing prevalence of MDR BSIs, antimicrobial stewardship needs to be improved with perhaps more targeted initial antimicrobial use. The study describes the aetiology, and timing of burn-associated BSIs and MDR infections in paediatric burn patients admitted to two paediatric surgery units in Tshwane District, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multi-centre retrospective review analysed paediatric burn patients (ages 0-12 years) admitted between January 2020 and December 2022 to two public hospitals in Tshwane District, South Africa. Collected data was from patient records and the National Health Laboratory System TrakCare database. BSIs were defined according to the CDC criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 245 burn patients admitted, 18.8% (n = 46) developed BSIs. From 63 positive blood cultures, the most common isolates were S. aureus (n = 19; 30%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 18; 29%), and P. aeruginosa (n = 10; 16%). Collectively, gram negative bacteria were responsible for most BSIs (n = 41; 65%). Candida spp accounted for 9% (n = 5). Thirty-five pathogens (56%) were MDR; this included methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 7; 11%), carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (n = 16; 25%), and P. aeruginosa (n = 6; 10%). The median time to the first positive blood culture was 5 days (IQR: 3-12) (gram positive organisms: median: 5 days [IQR: 3-15}); gram negative organisms: median: 8 days [IQR: 4-20]; Fungal: median: 9 days [IQR: 8-27]; p-value 0.37). In the first week, S. aureus caused 32% of infections, including five MRSA cases. Gram negative bacteria dominated weeks two and three, with fungal and polymicrobial infections mainly in weeks two and four.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings show that as gram positive and gram negative infections predominantly occurred early in the admission period, while polymicrobial infections are more frequently observed later. Consequently, initial targeted narrow-spectrum antimicrobial use is not possible. Instead, antimicrobial de-escalation should be prioritized once culture results are available. Efforts should shift from a focus on treating BSIs to preventing them through wound care and infection control measures. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used judiciously and quickly de-escalated to minimise antimicrobial resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-psychological behavior on COVID-19 patients from neighbors during home isolation in Kathmandu Valley-a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sachita Barma, Mukesh K L Das, Puja Patel, Sanjeev Gurung","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10725-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10725-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus is a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronavirus related to the RNA virus is mainly transmitted through droplet nuclei from infected persons cough, sneeze, etc. It aims to assess the socio-psychological behaviors of COVID-19 patients from neighbors during home isolation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study in Kathmandu Valley assessed the socio-psychological behavior of neighbors toward COVID-19 patients in home isolation. Validated questionnaires collected data from randomly selected respondents. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, with P < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study included 422 respondents (54% male, 46% female), with most aged 36-45 years (38.6%), and followed by 46-55 years (21.1%). The most belonged to the middle class (39.8%) or poor economic status (38.6%). Regarding COVID-19, 66.4% of respondents' neighbors were known of their infection, with 49.8% avoiding them, 42.4% ignoring them, and 36.6% maintaining social distance. Furthermore, 60.2% of respondents faced protests to leave home isolation and go to a government isolation center, and 69.2% reported had not received support from neighbors. Among the 30.8% who received support, primarily emotional (55.4%), followed by financial and medical support (18.5% each). Neighbor behavior significantly impacted respondents' psychological well-being, with 27% experiencing depression, 21.3% anxiety, and 19.5% stress. A statistically significant association was observed between neighbor behavior and psychological effects, with a p-value of 0.023 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of respondents experienced depression, anxiety, and stress due to their neighbor's ignorance, social distancing, and avoidance behavior. The psychological effects were significantly associated with neighbor's behaviors and home isolation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional study on the seroprevalence, reinfection, and associated factors of Chlamydia trachomatis among female sex workers in Guangdong Province, China.","authors":"Peizhen Zhao, Lei Xu, Yinna Huang, He Huang, Junhe Chen, Weiming Tang, Lijun Mo, Qingqing Xu, Shujie Huang, Cheng Wang, Heping Zheng, Bin Yang, Yaohua Xue","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10650-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10650-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of chlamydia infection, yet the seroprevalence among FSWs in China remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and associated factors among FSWs in Guangdong Province, China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study was conducted among FSWs in two cities in Guangdong Province. Participants provided serum and urine samples. Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in urine samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect chlamydia IgG antibodies in serum samples. Seropositivity was defined by IgG-positive results. Current chlamydia infection was identified by a positive NAAT result, while prior infection was indicated by positive chlamydia IgG and negative NAAT results. Reinfection was defined by positive results for both NAAT and chlamydia IgG. Moreover, positive ELISA results were reclassified into two categories: DU/mL values ≥ 37.89 (the median) were classified as high-positive and DU/mL values &gt; 11 to 37.89 as low-positive. Sociodemographic data, CT and NG testing, and paper questionnaires were collected through face-to-face interviews. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions explored factors associated with current CT infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 435 serum and urine samples were analyzed. The median age of the participants was 32.0 (IQR: 27.0-37.0) years. Among the participants, 326 were CT IgG positive, resulting in an overall seroprevalence of 74.9% (95% CI, 70.6-78.9). The current infection proportion determined by NAAT was 12.2% (53/435) (95% CI, 9.3-15.6), significantly lower than the IgG seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher among those over 39 years (88.6%) compared to those under 20 years (62.5%). High seroprevalence was observed among NAAT-negative participants (74.3%, 95% CI, 69.7-78.7). Single, divorced, or widowed individuals had higher seroprevalence (78.4%, 95% CI, 72.9-83.1) compared to married ones (69.5%, 95% CI, 61.9-76.3) (P &lt; 0.05). Among seropositive participants, 42 were both NAAT and chlamydia IgG positive, indicating a reinfection proportion of 12.9% (95% CI, 9.4-17.0). Among reinfections, 81.0% had high seropositivity and 19.0% had low seropositivity. Reinfection prevalence was highest in those under 20 years (50%, 95% CI, 18.7-81.3) (P &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study found a high prevalence of anti-chlamydia IgG among FSWs, including those who were NAAT-negative. Additionally, there was a high reinfection proportion among Chinese FSWs. CT serological assays are increasingly recognized as valuable epidemiological tools. Younger FSWs and those new to transactional sex may be at higher risk and should be prioritized for community-based prevention interventions to reduce the burden of CT transmission. Overall, CT serological assay","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}