BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of high-flow nasal cannula failure in patients with sepsis by a preliminary risk stratification model based on the ROX index.","authors":"Yuanwen Ye, Feifei Li, Liangen Lin, Linglong Chen, Baohua Yang, Xiaowu Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14135-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14135-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) carries the risk of delayed intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), often associated with adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the risk of HFNC failure as early as possible.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the value of the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation (ROX) index and a Preliminary Risk Stratification Model based on the ROX Index for prediction of HFNC failure in patients with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. Independent risk factors for HFNC failure were explored using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and multivariable logistic regression analyses, with discrimination shown using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (ROC). To evaluate the discriminatory ability of the ROX index at different time points, we performed Landmark Analysis. The relationship between the ROX index and the risk of HFNC failure was confirmed through logistic proportional hazards model. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves were employed to illustrate the association between the ROX index and the likelihood of HFNC failure. Additional subgroup analyses were conducted to further substantiate the robustness of the findings. Finally, a Preliminary risk stratification model for predicting HFNC failure was established based on the ROX index, with ROC curves used to demonstrate its discriminatory power.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 316 sepsis patients who met the criteria were included, of whom 116 patients failed HFNC and required intubation and IMV. LASSO and multivariable logistic analyses demonstrated the ROX index as an independent risk factor for HFNC failure, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.721 (0.658-0.784) after 12 h of HFNC use, indicating good predictive value. Logistic proportional hazards model and K-M analysis demonstrated that patients in the low ROX group (based on the established cutoff value) exhibited a significantly elevated risk of failure of HFNC therapy. This finding was consistent with the results of subgroup analyses. Based on the ROX index, a Preliminary risk stratification model with a total score of approximately 16 points was established by combining Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Body Mass Index (BMI), and flow rate, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.801 (0.7516-0.8509), indicating better predictive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ROX index has good predictive value for HFNC failure in sepsis patients, and the Preliminary risk stratification model established based on the ROX index shows better predictive potential, but requires prospective external validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological characterization of acute respiratory tract infections and associated co-infections using Biofire respiratory 2.1 Plus panel.","authors":"Noha A Kamel, Heba M El Sherif, Khaled M Aboshanab, Mervat I El Borhamy, Khaled M Elsayed","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14030-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14030-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions post-COVID-19 pandemic, acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) have posed a substantial burden on healthcare settings, necessitating the implementation of rapid molecular diagnostic tools to improve pathogen identification and ensure early clinical management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study over one year (April 2024-March 2025) on 258 patients with ARTIs, admitted to a tertiary care hospital located in Egypt, to characterize their microbiological profile by Biofire respiratory 2.1 plus panel (RP 2.1). The demographic data and co-morbidities were systematically collected and analyzed from electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 160 patients testing positive for at least one respiratory pathogen by RP2.1 plus, 147 (91.8%) were positive for viral pathogens, 8(5%) for mixed viral-bacterial detections, and 5(3.2%) for bacterial detections. Detection of a single respiratory pathogen was observed among 71.8% of cases, with a statistically significant difference during autumn (27%, p = 0.03), and co-detections with multiple pathogens were observed among 28.2% of patients. Human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most common detected virus (52.5%), followed by Parainfluenza virus 1-4 (PIV,16.9%), seasonal Coronavirus species (15.6%), severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Influenza virus (INF) with equal frequency 10% each. Of 84 patients with HRV, 54 (64%) were infected with HRV only, and 30 (36%) had HRV co-detection. Patients with HRV co-detection were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with pneumonia than patients with HRV mono-detection (71.4% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.0001). Children in the age group less than 4 years old were more likely to be diagnosed with HRV co-detection than children with HRV only (60% versus 40% at p = 0.00). The most frequently detected respiratory pathogens with HRV were human coronavirus OC43 (4, 13.3%), followed by INFA (3,10%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (3,10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current surge of respiratory pathogens post-COVID-19 pandemic calls for continuous monitoring of seasonal as well as co-detection patterns to mitigate potential health care burden and guide targeted public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SALGINTR: development and early evaluation of a low-cost cloud-based digital participatory surveillance system for influenza-like Illness among physicians in Türkiye - a proof of concept.","authors":"Eray Ontas, Hasan Güçlü, Yeşim Aydın Son","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14153-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14153-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Participatory surveillance complements sentinel influenza monitoring in high-income settings, yet no such platform has targeted physicians as both participants and clinical sentinels. We established SALGINTR, a digital, physician-driven participatory surveillance system for influenza-like illness (ILI), assembling an automated data collection and analysis pipeline from freely available cloud-based tools at a total infrastructure cost of approximately US $100.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physicians across Türkiye were recruited via snowball sampling to provide weekly self-reports of ILI symptoms through an online platform ( www.salgin.com.tr ) during epidemiological weeks 40-52 of the 2025-26 influenza season. ECDC ILI case definition was applied, and independent ILI episodes were ascertained using a clinical-episode rule whereby consecutive symptomatic weeks attributed to the same agent were counted as a single episode. Temporal concordance with national sentinel surveillance was assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlation with moving-block bootstrap confidence intervals, lead-lag cross-correlation, and Bland-Altman agreement. Epidemic detection was evaluated using a panel of six aberration detection algorithms (EARS C1-C3, negative-binomial CUSUM, EWMA, empirical 95th percentile).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 243 registered physicians, 197 (analytical cohort) contributed 1,484 respondent-weeks of observation. Cumulative ILI incidence was 50.8% (100/197), with 156 independent episodes identified from 190 symptomatic person-weeks using a clinical-episode definition. Season-level viral positivity was similar in the two streams (SALGINTR 17.3%, 95% CI 11.7-24.2, 27/156; sentinel 14.5%, 95% CI 12.8-16.2, 247/1,709). Weekly SALGINTR viral-systemic positivity was temporally concordant with sentinel surveillance under the pre-specified causal three-week moving average (Pearson r = 0.575, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.90; Spearman ρ = 0.747; pre-epidemic W40-W49 r = 0.886, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94). Bland-Altman analysis indicated no significant systematic bias (mean difference + 4.6 pp; 95% limits of agreement - 18.3 to + 27.4 pp). Neither system produced any alarm during the ten pre-epidemic weeks, and alarm agreement across the window was substantial (Cohen's κ = 0.755; specification-curve median κ = 0.639 across 72 analytical choices). Lead-lag analysis identified no timing advantage in either direction (peak lag - 1 week; bootstrap CI - 2 to + 2 weeks).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SALGINTR demonstrates that a physician-driven digital participatory surveillance system can generate ILI signals concordant with established sentinel surveillance, at minimal cost. This proof-of-concept supports integration of participatory surveillance as a complementary component within mosaic respiratory disease surveillance frameworks in middle-income settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia: a surveillance study (2015-2023).","authors":"Noorah Al-Sowayan, Farah Al-Masoud, Manal Almutari, Malak Almunife, Tahani Esmail","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14159-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14159-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major threat to global health. Despite its clinical importance, regional data from Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study analyzed the resistance patterns of K. pneumoniae isolates collected from the King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Al-Qassim between January 2015 and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 3,838 confirmed K. pneumoniae cases. Data were extracted from hospital electronic records and analyzed using R software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine resistance patterns by specimen type, age, sex, and hospital department.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High resistance rates were observed to first-line antibiotics, particularly third-generation cephalosporins (59.18%-68.69%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (58.38%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (52.81%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 53.85% to 56.36%. In contrast, higher susceptibility was observed for aminoglycosides and carbapenems. Resistance was more frequent in ESBL-producing strains, with limited presence of MDR strains. Age and sex were associated with an increased risk of resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in this study demonstrated significant resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. ESBL production substantially contributed to resistance patterns. Although aminoglycosides and carbapenems have shown relative effectiveness, emerging resistance trends underscore the need for continuous monitoring and strict antibiotic stewardship in hospital settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis and their correlation with inflammatory factors.","authors":"Zhaofeng Bao, Junling Zhou, Junsheng Jiang, Xueyan Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14120-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14120-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the plasma levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) biomarkers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) in sepsis patients, and to analyze their diagnostic value for sepsis, prognostic value for 28-day mortality, and correlation with inflammatory factors and organ function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 126 sepsis patients (divided into sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock groups) and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. Sepsis patients were further divided into survival group and non-survival group according to 28-day prognosis. Plasma levels of MPO, CitH3, inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CXCL8) and clinical routine biomarkers (procalcitonin, PCT; lactate) were detected. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between NETs biomarkers and inflammatory factors, organ function indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MPO and CitH3 for sepsis and their predictive value for 28-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, plasma MPO, CitH3, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8 and PCT levels in sepsis patients were significantly increased, while IL-10 level was significantly decreased (all P < 0.001). MPO and CitH3 levels gradually increased with the aggravation of sepsis severity (septic shock > severe sepsis > sepsis, all P < 0.05). MPO and CitH3 were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8), PCT and lactate, and negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (all P < 0.001). The levels of MPO and CitH3 in non-survival group were significantly higher than those in survival group (P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of MPO and CitH3 for sepsis diagnosis was 0.842 and 0.876, respectively, and the combined detection of MPO+CitH3 had a higher AUC of 0.931 (sensitivity 87.3%, specificity 93.3%). For 28-day mortality prediction, MPO+CitH3 achieved an AUC of 0.915, which was significantly higher than that of single index and PCT+lactate (P < 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression identified CitH3 (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.62-4.98, P < 0.001), MPO (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.62, P = 0.003), SOFA score (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12-1.88, P = 0.005), and lactate (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66, P = 0.018) as independent predictors of 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma MPO and CitH3 are highly expressed in sepsis patients, which are closely related to the severity of inflammation, organ dysfunction and short-term prognosis. Combined detection of MPO and CitH3 has high diagnostic value for sepsis and excellent prognostic efficacy for 28-day mortality, which can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, severity assessment and prognosis evaluation of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter prospective observational multi-omics study protocol to identify biomarkers for severe dengue: COMBAT study clinical protocol.","authors":"Piya Paul Mudgal, Silvia Patricia Zuniga Veliz, Magda Lourda, Trupti Satish Kadni, Muralidhar Varma, Anup Mazumder, Sandeep Budhiraja, Namita Jaggi, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Sagar Sengupta, Arindam Maitra, Kristina Hug, Indranil Sinha, Anoop T Ambikan, Iva Filipovic, Ujjwal Neogi","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14111-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue virus (DENV) infection poses a major global public health burden, particularly in endemic regions where repeated exposure increases the risk of severe disease. Despite revisions to the World Health Organization (WHO) dengue classification, early prediction of progression to severe dengue remains challenging due to overlapping clinical and laboratory features. Current management strategies rely primarily on supportive care and reactive monitoring, underscoring the need for predictive biomarkers that enable early risk stratification and timely intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>COMBAT is a prospective, multicenter, observational longitudinal study conducted in dengue-endemic regions of Guatemala and India. Patients will be classified according to WHO 2009 criteria into dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue, alongside age- and sex-matched healthy controls. A single blood sample will be collected from non-hospitalized patients while two blood samples per participant will be collected during hospitalization and one at discharge. Multi-omics analyses, including transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics and metabolomics, will be performed in a discovery cohort and validated in an independent cohort. Integrated systems biology approaches will be used to identify host immune and metabolic pathways associated with dengue severity in a mechanism-based prognostic biomarker discovery.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study aims to generate comprehensive systems-level insights into host-virus interactions driving dengue severity and to identify biomarkers predictive of disease progression. The findings may inform improved patient triage, early intervention strategies, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06751836 Registration Date: December 13, 2024, CTRI/2022/10/046293 (MAHE) Registration Date: October 10, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic Aspergillus niger empyema in an immunocompetent military patient: a case report.","authors":"Dan Levy Faber, Sonia Schneer, Ronen Galili, Abed Agbarya","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14125-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14125-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal empyema is an uncommon clinical entity, and empyema attributable to Aspergillus species is exceedingly rare. The vast majority of reported cases occur in immunocompromised hosts. Empyema caused specifically by Aspergillus niger has been described only in exceptional circumstances and is virtually absent from the medical literature. We report the first documented case of post-traumatic Aspergillus niger empyema in a young, immunocompetent individual.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 22-year-old male active-duty special forces soldier sustained a penetrating gunshot wound to the left thorax during combat. Initial management included bilateral chest drain insertion and mechanical ventilation. He was discharged after eight days in satisfactory condition. Over the subsequent months, he developed progressive pleuritic chest pain and exercise intolerance. Chest radiography first demonstrated a small right pleural effusion, and computed tomography (CT) performed eight months post-injury subsequently revealed a complex, loculated right pleural collection. Thoracoscopic exploration identified a dense inflammatory process with an encased lung beneath a thick fibrinous peel. Decortication was performed and microbiological cultures-including fungal cultures, obtained due to the atypical clinical course-were positive for Aspergillus niger in both the pleural fluid and pleural tissue. No other pathogen was identified. Histopathology as an evidence of tissue invasion by septate hyphae, was not obtained. The patient completed a six-month course of voriconazole (300 mg twice daily) with good tolerability and a favourable clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the importance of maintaining a broad microbiological differential-including uncommon fungal pathogens-in post-traumatic pleural space infections with atypical or indolent presentations, even in immunocompetent patients. Early surgical intervention and targeted antifungal therapy are key to achieving a successful outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR admission screening over 21 months in a German tertiary care hospital: detection of asymptomatic infections.","authors":"Isabella Eiter, Till Gallasch, Sören Krüger, Michael Eisenmann, Vera Rauschenberger, Anna Höhn, Sina Ebert, Kerstin Knies, Christiane Prifert, Benedikt Weißbrich, Lars Dölken, Stefanie Kampmeier, Isabell Wagenhäuser, Manuel Krone","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14122-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14122-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous nosocomial infections were observed in hospitals and other healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, largely attributed to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers. SARS-CoV-2 screening data at admission of all hospitalised patients and accompanying persons of a tertiary-care hospital in Germany was included from 1 April 2020 to 31 December 2021. The first oropharyngeal swab of each newly admitted individual was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The overall testing costs and the costs per positively tested individual were analysed. Out of 111,271 screened individuals, 705 (0.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. Among these, 236 cases (0.2%) had not been previously diagnosed and were identified through RT-qPCR admission screening. Of the newly detected cases,110 (0.1%) were asymptomatic without any known positive contact history. The specificity of RT-qPCR in screening use was 99.997% (95% CI 99.992-99.999%). The mean testing costs of identifying one SARS-CoV-2-positive individual through admission screening was €8,082.87. Long-term universal RT-qPCR admission screening detected a substantial number of otherwise unidentified SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, proving its value as a infection control tool with an excellent specificity in screening use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This strategy represents an important lesson learned from the pandemic and may serve as a valuable infection control tool for future pandemics or seasonal pathogen surges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, resistance profile of ESKAPEE pathogens, and molecular detection of PMQR-associated genes among Levofloxacin-resistant gram-negative ESKAPEE isolates from critically-ill patients.","authors":"Sylvana Nady Gaber, Rasha H Bassyouni, Ahmed Ashraf Wegdan, Hagar Saad Abd-Elrahman, Ahmed Fathy Elkhateeb, Joseph Makram Botros, Mahmoud A F Khalil, Hanaa Mohamed Eid Moawad","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13953-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-13953-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ESKAPEE pathogens are characterized with rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To detect the prevalence, resistance profile of ESKAPEE pathogens, and to analyze the Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR)-associated genes among Levofloxacin-resistant gram-negative ESKAPEE pathogens isolated from critically ill patients in Fayoum University Hospitals, Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. Different specimens were collected and cultured on bacteriological media according to their respective sample sources. The identification of ESKAPEE isolates was performed according to standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of levofloxacin was determined by microdilution method. Molecular identification of PMQR genes in Gram negative ESKAPEE isolates was performed by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-one samples were collected from 72 patients enrolled in the study. Eighty-four isolates were recovered, from them ESKAPEE pathogens represent 79/84 (94%) of all isolates. Enterococcus faecium was the predominant organism (21.4%). 77.8% of E. faecium were vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Also, 80% of P. aeruginosa, 83.3% of E. coli and 71.4% of K. pneumoniae isolates were extensively drug resistant (XDR). qnrB [78.9% (30/38)] was the most frequently detected gene among ESKAPEE pathogens. Most tested isolates (86.8%) have more than one PMQR gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of ESKAPEE organisms was detected in ICU infected patients. qnrB was the most frequently PMQR detected genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends and spatial variation in nontuberculous mycobacterial notification incidence among First Nations people in Queensland, Australia.","authors":"Melinda M Ashcroft, Felicia Goh, Atha Rifqia Pradana, Scott C Bell, Rachel M Thomson","doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-14093-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-026-14093-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. First Nations people in Australia experience higher burdens of communicable diseases, comorbidities, and systemic barriers to care, increasing NTM risk. This study examined the incidence and spatial distribution of NTM notifications in First Nations people in Queensland, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective longitudinal analysis of laboratory-based NTM notifications was conducted using the Queensland Health Notifiable Conditions Database, stratified by Indigenous status. Incidence was calculated using population denominators and Indigenous Region boundaries, with direct rate comparisons between 2011 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2001 and 2024, 717 NTM notifications were recorded from 606 First Nations people, with a significant male predominance among those aged 30-44 years (χ² = 21.63, p < 0.0001). NTM notification incidence was higher in 2024 than in 2011, increasing from 4.6 to 26.3 per 100,000 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 5.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.97-11.08, p < 0.0001). Although incidence in 2024 was lower than in the non-Indigenous population (35.81 per 100,000), the rate of increase was 4.4 times greater. Pulmonary notifications predominated (569/717, 79.36%) and were more frequent in 2024 than in 2011 (IRR: 6.95, 95% CI: 3.00-19.75, p < 0.0001). Extrapulmonary notifications increased by 140% from 2020 primarily due to an outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus infections among incarcerated First Nations males. Marked geospatial heterogeneity was observed, with the greatest increases in notification incidence in the Brisbane, Rockhampton, Townsville-Mackay, and Cairns-Atherton Indigenous Regions (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NTM notification incidence among First Nations people in Queensland has increased substantially, with a faster rate of rise than in the non-Indigenous population despite lower absolute incidence, consistent with under-ascertainment. These findings highlight gaps in detection and diagnostic access, alongside heterogeneous geographic and outbreak-associated transmission dynamics. Strengthening culturally appropriate surveillance and improving access to timely diagnosis are required to better define disease burden and inform targeted clinical and public health responses in First Nations and other underserved populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}