BMC Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, microbiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in pediatric patients with malignancies at a referral teaching hospital in Shiraz, Iran.","authors":"Seyed Reza Abdipour Mehrian, Fatemeh Noushadi, Yaser Pourasghar, Armina Farkarian, Elahe Meftah, Fatemeh Homayounifar, Ali Amanati","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11059-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11059-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in pediatric oncology patients present significant challenges owing to their immunocompromised condition and susceptibility to severe infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, microbiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns of SSTIs in children with malignancies admitted to a referral teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 227 pediatric patients with cancer were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The data collected included demographics, malignancy type, neutropenic status, infection sites, microbial culture results, and clinical outcomes. Bacterial cultures were performed on samples from the blood, wounds, and other infection-related sites. Pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 227 patients, 57.71% were male and 42.29% were female, and the most prevalent age group was 1 to 6 years (39.65%). Hematologic malignancies were observed in 57.33% of the patients, solid tumors in 39.11%, and leukemia was the most common malignancy (40.81%). Bloodstream infections (BSIs) were identified in 7.05% of patients, while a notable proportion of cases (92.95%) were culture-negative, warranting consideration of non-bacterial etiologies or prior antibiotic use. Among the 227 site-specific culture samples, Escherichia coli (36.54%) and Staphylococcus aureus (23.08%) were the most common pathogens. Other frequently isolated bacteria include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that E. coli is sensitive to ampicillin-sulbactam and colistin, whereas S. aureus is sensitive to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. In terms of patient outcomes, > 95% of patients achieved complete recovery, whereas 3.96% had fatal outcomes. Multivariate analysis identified age < 5 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.03, p = 0.004) and perianal abscesses (aOR = 4.4, p = 0.038) as independent risk factors significantly associated with an increased risk of BSI. Male sex was associated with a reduced risk for BSI (aOR = 0.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the significant burden of SSTIs in pediatric oncology patients, with E. coli and S. aureus being the predominant pathogens. Younger age and perianal abscesses were identified as independent risk factors of BSI, emphasizing the need for heightened vigilance in these subgroups. These findings underscore the importance of targeted preventive strategies to improve the outcomes in this high-risk population. However, it is important to acknowledge that this study was conducted at a single center and the high rate of culture-negative results suggests that non-bacterial etiolog","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifilarial treatment strategies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Muayad Saud Albadrani, Amr Molla, Hossein M Elbadawy, Heba M Eltahir, Shyamkumar Sriram, Mekky M Abouzied, Eman Mohamed Sharaf Elsayed","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11105-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11105-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) prescribes mass drug administration (MDA) to eradicate lymphatic filariasis within endemic populations. The WHO endorsed using ivermectin with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (IDA) for MDA in specific settings devoid of onchocerciasis or loiasis. Still, the utilization of IDA in sub-Saharan Africa is restricted due to the potential of diethylcarbamazine to induce severe adverse ocular events in individuals with onchocerciasis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate all documented combinations of antifilarial drugs available in the literature using a network meta-analysis (NWM) design, focusing specifically on the treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A meticulous search was conducted across four electronic databases to identify pertinent studies. Subsequently, a frequentist NWM was executed. Risk ratios (RRs) served as the effect size metric for categorical outcomes, each with a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study encompassed 45 studies, including 61,369 patients. At six months, multiple doses of diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole (multiple DA) regimens demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing microfilaremia compared to a single intake of DA, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and albendazole with RR and CI as follows: 0.37 [0.19; 0.72], 0.35 [0.17; 0.69], 0.30 [0.14; 0.64], and 0.28 [0.13; 0.57]. The combination of ivermectin plus albendazole (IA) also showed significant efficacy against the use of each of these drugs alone, with RR: 0.74 [0.57; 0.96] for ivermectin and 0.69 [0.53; 0.89] for albendazole, while diethylcarbamazine combined with albendazole showed substantial superiority over albendazole alone or placebo: RR = 0.09 [0.02; 0.36] and 0.08 [0.02; 0.34], respectively. By the twelfth month, diethylcarbamazine, followed by albendazole, ranked superior to IDA and DA: 0.12 [0.02; 0.89] and 0.11 [0.01; 0.79], respectively. At 24 months, no significant differences were found among the assessed drugs in reducing microfilaremia. The comparisons revealed no significant differences between the drug combinations we studied regarding safety and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple doses of the DA regimen showed superior efficacy in reducing microfilaremia compared to combinations involving IA, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and albendazole at six and twelve months. However, by the twenty-four-month, no significant differences were found. Safety profiles among interventions were generally comparable, with no specific drug showing superiority in adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and CT characteristics of abdominal tuberculous lymphadenopathy: a comparative analysis of hematogenous and non-hematogenous dissemination.","authors":"Xiao-Ling Zhu, Xue-Yan Liu, Li Wen, Ran Li, Sheng-Xiu Lv, Guang-Xian Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11101-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11101-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To elucidate the differences in clinical and CT manifestations between abdominal tuberculous lymphadenopathy (ATBL) resulting from hematogenous and non-hematogenous dissemination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical records and CT data of 178 untreated ATBL patients from January 2012 to March 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups: hematogenous dissemination (75 cases) and non-hematogenous dissemination (103 cases). The clinical characteristics of the two groups of patients were compared, and the CT imaging features of ATBL (such as location, size, and enhancement degree) were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-squared test to identify significant differences between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the non-hematogenous dissemination group had a higher prevalence of males, younger patients, abdominal distension, and positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results, along with higher CD4⁺ T cell counts and lymphocyte counts. Conversely, the hematogenous group exhibited more HIV-positive patients, positive results of smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, pleural effusion, and cough and sputum production. Significant differences were noted in the distribution, size, fusion, and enhancement patterns of ATBL between the two groups. ATBL in the hematogenous dissemination group predominantly involved the upper and lower para-aortic regions, the hepatoduodenal ligament, the portocaval space, the hepatogastric ligament, and the iliac vessels region. In contrast, the non-hematogenous dissemination group had more involvement in the mesenteric region. Lymph nodes in the hematogenous dissemination group were larger diameters, with irregular mass fusion and mixed enhancement pattern, while homogeneous enhancement was more common in the non-hematogenous dissemination group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are differences in the clinical and CT manifestations of ATBL caused by hematogenous versus non-hematogenous dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hepatitis C virus genotype on the efficacy of the direct-acting antivirals in chronic kidney disease patients in West Bengal, India.","authors":"Sagnik Bakshi, Supradip Dutta, Aritra Biswas, Raina Das, Shreyasi Nath, Anwesha Ghosh, Upasana Baskey, Provash Chandra Sadhukhan","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-10947-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-10947-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of mortality and morbidity among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the advancement of HCV treatment has made this viral infection curable. Thus, the main objective of this study was to comprehend the HCV genotype (GT) distribution and the efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) among CKD patients in West Bengal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over five years (January 2017 to December 2021), 310 HCV sero-reactive patients were enrolled in this observational prospective study. HCV RNA was quantified using qRT-PCR. The partial amplification of the core (405 bp) and NS5B (389 bp) region was performed by nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing for HCV genotype analysis using the NCBI genotyping tool. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA-X tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The occurrence of HCV RNA positivity was 50.64% (n = 157), and of these 157 patients, 141 (89.81%) completed the DAAs treatment. The most important observation of the study was the prevalence of uncommon HCV genotype GT-1c (67.52%) followed by 1a, 4a, 3a, 1b, and 3b among CKD patients. The overall DAAs efficacy between January 2017 and December 2018 was ~ 97%, and in January 2019 and December 2021, ~ 95% among CKD patients. At the same time, in these two phases, DAAs efficacy among GT-1c-infected CKD patients was ˜ 96% and ˜ 93%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of GT-1c among CKD patients was unusual in this geographic region. The overall efficacy of DAAs among the CKD population was encouraging. However, the downtrend of the DAAs efficacy in GT-1c may increase concern among this high-risk group in the future.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum liver abscess following ERCP: a case report and review.","authors":"Wenjing Ren, Yuran Wei, Guanping Lian, Chuwei Yang, Yufei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11094-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11094-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic. It has a positive effect on the intestinal flora, improving intestinal barrier function and regulating immune function. At present, it is clinically used to prevent or treat a variety of diseases. However, in recent years, serious infections caused by Lactobacillus plantarum have been reported. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the main methods for managing biliary and pancreatic disorders. With the widespread application of ERCP, there are increasing reports of concurrent infections.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this case, a 62-year-old female patient with pancreatic cancer developed chills and fever after undergoing ERCP and biliary stenting. She was diagnosed with a liver abscess, and the pathogenic bacterium identified was Lactobacillus plantarum, a rare instance of a probiotic causing disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report describes the first case of a liver abscess caused by Lactobacillus plantarum following ERCP. This suggests that although Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic, it is risky for patients with anatomical disruptions, impaired mucosal barrier function, or immunocompromised status. Clinical applications of Lactobacillus plantarum should be treated with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil.","authors":"Sandra Grossi Gava, Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Natália de Melo Nasser Fava, Patrícia Martins Parreiras, Aureo Almeida de Oliveira, Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira, Adelina Junia Lourenço, Omar Dos Santos Carvalho, Lângia Colli Montresor, Marina Moraes Mourão, Roberta Lima Caldeira","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11069-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11069-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosoma sp. transmission is linked to water bodies, poor sanitation, and the presence of intermediate hosts. Nevertheless, parasite detection in snails is hampered by challenges in snail sampling and low infection rates, mainly in moderate and low-endemic areas, as well as requiring specialized personnel and being time-consuming. Thus, there is a need to improve tools to assist schistosomiasis surveillance and an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach may help to overcome these limitations. Here, we standardized and used an eDNA-based approach to monitor Schistosoma mansoni occurrence in two schistosomiasis endemic areas from Minas Gerais, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The eDNA approach was standardized for local conditions by evaluating the specificity of the qPCR assay in detecting the parasite DNA. Water from snail breeding tanks containing Biomphalaria glabrata, either infected or not with S. mansoni, was used to standardize the eDNA filtration and extraction protocols. Three molecular techniques- Low-Stringency PCR (LS-PCR), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and quantitative PCR (qPCR)- were applied to investigate samples from snail tanks and two field surveys. Additionally, malacological surveys and measurements of water physicochemical and microbiological parameters were conducted at the same locations to know the species of mollusks present and the ideal environmental conditions to identify hotspots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The qPCR assay was specifically amplified Schistosoma sp. DNA without amplifying other trematodes presents in Brazil, ensuring accurate detection without cross-amplification. All three molecular assays efficiently detected S. mansoni DNA only from eDNA samples from tanks with infected snails. The eDNA approach, associated with LAMP and qPCR assays, successfully identified S. mansoni DNA at the same collection points where snails releasing cercariae were found and at one additional site, that was missed by traditional methods, underscoring its sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study illustrates the potential of employing eDNA sampling combined with molecular techniques as an effective strategy for monitoring and identifying potential schistosomiasis transmission foci in endemic areas. This approach aligns with the WHO's roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination by 2030 and has implications for public health interventions and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the role of vaccines in combating AMR in the WHO African region: a scoping review and implications for research and policy.","authors":"Chinwe Iwu-Jaja, Laetitia Gahimbare, Akhona V Mazingisa, Walter Fuller, Degefaw Y Mazengiya, Joseph Okeibunor, Olushayo O Olu, Patrick de Marie C Katoto, Ali A Yahaya, Kwasi Nyarko, Charles S Wiysonge","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11080-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11080-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is substantive evidence that vaccines play a crucial role in curbing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This has a potentially high impact in the WHO African Region. However, there is a need for a viable strategy to leverage vaccines in addressing AMR in the region. We conducted a scoping review to map existing evidence on the role of vaccines in combating AMR in the WHO African Region, identify critical knowledge gaps, and propose priority areas for research and policy interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed the literature to identify studies that have been published in this area, with no date or study design restriction. The search results were screened for eligibility, and data from eligible studies were extracted and synthesised following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 studies were included in this review. Seven studies either focused on Africa as a whole or were multi-regional studies that included Africa, with country-specific studies mostly from South Africa and Ethiopia. Four studies focused on pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), while others examined influenza, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, tuberculosis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccines. Five studies estimated the potential impact of vaccines on AMR, focusing on outcomes such as reductions in AMR burden, disease incidence, deaths due to resistant pathogens, and antibiotic consumption. The remaining studies examined economic value and potential role in antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Three studies addressed policy-related issues, including potential barriers and collaboration between AMR and vaccination programmes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review underscores the need for more country-level studies to build evidence on vaccine impact on AMR, including cost-effectiveness studies. Research priorities should include clinical trials with AMR-related endpoints and evaluation of vaccine impact during new vaccine introductions. Strengthening AMR surveillance systems and enhancing collaboration between AMR and vaccination programmes are crucial. The development and review of regulatory frameworks that explicitly address vaccines and AMR may be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance patterns among eye infection suspected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mihret Tilahun, Alemu Gedefie, Bekele Sharew, Habtu Debash, Agumas Shibabaw","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11095-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12879-025-11095-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial eye infections are major global health issue in developing countries like Ethiopia, poor hygiene, limited healthcare infrastructure, and inadequate treatment options contribute to the increased burden of these infections, leading to significant ocular morbidity and potential blindness. Major bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are responsible for these infections. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize existing literature on the prevalence of bacterial eye infections in Ethiopia, identify common bacterial pathogens, and analyze antibiotic resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive search were performed across electronic databases and grey literature using specific search terms. Eligible studies were organized in MS Excel and imported into STATA version 14 for statistical analysis. The pooled prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance patterns was calculated using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of individual studies on the overall effect size.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed significant regional variations in the prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance (MDR). The overall pooled prevalence of bacterial eye infections was 54.07%, with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99.2%). Prevalence rates varied across regions, with the highest in Oromia (62.98%) and the lowest in SNNPR (34.3%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (45.47%), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (36.14%). The pooled prevalence of MDR was 66.06%, with the highest rates in Somali (87.7%) and the lowest in Tigray (37.9%). Subgroup analysis showed higher prevalence in studies before 2020 and with smaller sample sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the study highlights a high prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance in Ethiopia, with significant regional variation. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and antimicrobial stewardship programs to address the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report of brain death in a child due to COVID-19 and literature review.","authors":"Tiantian Xu, Tian Liang, Jiamin Zhang, Yuqing Yan, Lianwei Lu, Lu Kuang, Changbing Wang, Misi Xiao, Yi Chen, Bing Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11058-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11058-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although COVID-19 typically presents with respiratory symptoms, it can also lead to severe neurological manifestations in children. While case reports of COVID-19-associated encephalopathy (including acute necrotizing encephalopathy) have increasingly appeared, gaps remain regarding optimal management strategies and outcome predictors for children with rapid-onset neurological decline. This report aims to underscore the critical need for standardized clinical approaches to severe pediatric COVID-19-related encephalopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case report, We detail the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with fever, rash, headache, and recurrent seizures. Her diagnostic workup included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 and a range of neurological assessments: contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to evaluate structural changes, transcranial Doppler ultrasound to assess intracranial hemodynamics, and electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor electrical activity. Intensive therapeutic measures-encompassing mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic support, antimicrobial agents, and corticosteroids-were initiated. In addition, a targeted narrative literature review of pediatric COVID-19-associated neurological complications was conducted to contextualize this presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient tested positive for COVID-19;imaging revealed brain edem, and EEG suggested brain death. Despite aggressive critical care interventions, her condition did not improve, ultimately resulting in brain death. Our review of current literature revealed several reported instances of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in pediatric COVID-19, highlighting a growing body of evidence on the potential for severe central nervous system sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of early recognition and close neurological surveillance in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Although accumulating evidence describes COVID-19-related neurological complications such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy, uncertainties persist regarding definitive treatment protocols and long-term outcomes. Greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms and standardized management pathways is imperative to improve prognosis in this vulnerable population.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowdsourcing strategies to improve access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China.","authors":"Warittha Tieosapjaroen, Arturo M Ongkeko, Zhuoheng Yin, Krittaporn Termvanich, Artit Wongsa, Joseph D Tucker, Weiming Tang, Chunyan Li, Ying Zhang, Nina T Castillo-Carandang, Jason J Ong","doi":"10.1186/s12879-025-11065-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11065-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many Asian countries have yet to scale up HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Crowdsourcing has a group of individuals solving a specific problem before sharing solutions with the public. This approach enhances community engagement and ownership of the solutions and can be used to generate culturally relevant solutions. We used crowdsourcing to seek innovative strategies to optimise PrEP access by increasing the uptake and effective use of PrEP. This study describes the experiences of crowdsourcing open calls in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four crowdsourcing open calls were conducted between 2021-2023 in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China. All open calls entailed: 1) problem identification; 2) committee formation with local groups; 3) community engagement for idea submission (e.g., texts, posters, pitches); 4) evaluation of submissions; 5) awarding incentives to finalists; and 6) solution dissemination via web and social media. We reported the number of total and high-quality submissions. We also identified themes across countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Australian, Filipino, Thai and Chinese teams received 9, 22, 9 and 19 eligible submissions, respectively. A total of 3, 10, 7 and 8 submissions had a mean score of 6/10 or greater. Three common solutions emerged across all the finalist ideas: enhanced service access, optimising promotional campaigns, and person-centred promotional materials. The winning ideas from the Australian, Filipino, Thai and Chinese teams were an anonymous online PrEP service, a printed ready-to-wear garment to create awareness about PrEP, PrEP and HIV self-testing kit dispensing kiosks and a poster on PrEP effectiveness, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Crowdsourcing was a promising and versatile tool for developing PrEP strategies in the Asia-Pacific region. Further evaluations via clinical trials can bridge the gap between idea generation and implementation, creating the empirical evidence that is pivotal for the policy adoption of these innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8981,"journal":{"name":"BMC Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}