Biomedicines最新文献

{"title":"Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I and α-Mannosidosis-Phenotypically Comparable but Genetically Different: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations.","authors":"Marika Venezia, Martina Vinci, Paolo Colomba, Carmela Zizzo, Giovanni Duro, Marta Moschetti","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051199","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is an autosomal recessive, progressive, multisystem hereditary lysosomal storage disease (LSD), which is characterized by the gradual accumulation of dermatan sulphate (DS), heparan sulphate (HS), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in all organs and tissues due to the deficiency of the enzyme α-L-hyduronidase. The multisystem clinical manifestations of varying severities of MPS-I are present in two forms-the \"severe form of MPS I\" (Hurler type) and the \"attenuated form of MPS-I\" (Hurler-Scheie or Scheie type). These forms represent the entire case history of the disease. The three phenotypes share common symptoms, including musculoskeletal abnormalities, facial dysmorphisms, hernias, short stature, finger stiffness, carpal tunnel syndrome, and corneal opacities. Abnormalities affecting the internal organs include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and valvulopathy. There is some evidence to suggest a similarity and overlap with the clinical symptoms of MPS-I, particularly in cases of another rare LSD that is autosomal and recessively inherited-l'α-mannosidosis. This disorder has been observed to result from a dysfunction of the corresponding α-mannosidase enzyme, which has been shown to lead to the accumulation of mannose-rich N-linked oligosaccharides. This review compares the phenotypic similarities and molecular differences between mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) and α-mannosidosis. We review genotype-phenotype correlations, diagnostic difficulties, and the applicability of artificial intelligence for the assistance of differential diagnosis, with the goal of facilitating the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of these rare lysosomal storage diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2bRAD-M Reveals the Characteristics of Urinary Microbiota in Overweight Patients with Urinary Tract Stones.","authors":"Pengfei Wu, Jingcheng Zhang, Wentao Zhang, Fuhang Yang, Yang Yu, Yuke Zhang, Guangchun Wang, Haimin Zhang, Yunfei Xu, Xudong Yao","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051197","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Urinary tract stone (UTS) is a common disease significantly impacting human health. Obesity influences stone formation and increases UTS incidence, yet the differences in the urinary microbiota and pathways between overweight and healthy-weight UTS patients remain unclear. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, 16 patients were analyzed: 8 overweight and 8 healthy-weight UTS patients. Bladder urine samples were collected during surgery, and DNA was extracted for microbial analysis using 2bRAD markers. Microbial diversity and KEGG pathway differences were studied. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that overweight UTS patients had a significantly higher urinary microbial diversity than healthy-weight patients. The analysis identified differences in microbiota at various taxonomic levels. LEfSe analysis revealed <i>Sphingomonas_paucimobilis</i> as abundant in overweight patients, while <i>Bifidobacterium_piotii</i> dominated in healthy-weight patients. Key species, including <i>Ralstonia_sp000620465</i>, <i>Sphingomonas_paucimobilis</i>, and <i>Campylobacter_D_coli</i>, were identified. KEGG analysis highlighted enriched pathways in overweight UTS patients, including the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid degradation, and renin-angiotensin and mineral absorption pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study is the first to use 2bRAD-M microbiome analysis to compare the urinary microbiota between overweight and healthy-weight UTS patients. It identified significant microbiota and pathway differences, suggesting a link between microbiota imbalance, obesity, and stone formation. These findings provide potential targets for further research on obesity-related stone susceptibility mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Subthreshold Micropulse Laser on the Vascular Network in Diabetic Macular Edema: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.","authors":"Barbara Sabal, Edward Wylęgała, Sławomir Teper","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051194","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) treatment on the microvascular network in diabetic macular edema (DME). <b>Methods</b>: This 12-month prospective study included 67 eyes (67 patients) with mild DME and good best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), randomized into SMPL (33 eyes) or sham (34 eyes) groups. Assessments were performed at baseline (T1), 3 months (T2), and 12 months (T3). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to measure central retinal thickness (CRT), macular thickness (MT), macular volume (MV), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, microaneurysm (MA) count, and vessel parameters in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). <b>Results</b>: The SMPL group showed a greater relative reduction in FAZ area in the SCP at 3 months (3.21 ± 13.03% vs. -5.73 ± 13.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.032) with a trend toward significance at 12 months (2.37 ± 12.47% vs. -3.3 ± 7.92%; <i>p</i> = 0.086) compared to the sham group. No changes in FAZ size, MA count, and other microvascular parameters were observed in either group. In the SMPL group, BCVA improved at 3 months (T2 > T1, <i>p</i> = 0.003); CRT decreased at 12 months (T2 > T3, <i>p</i> = 0.023); MT decreased at 12 months (T2 > T3, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and MV decreased at 12 months (T2 > T3, <i>p</i> = 0.007). No changes were detected in the sham group. No treatment-related complications occurred. <b>Conclusions</b>: SMPL may improve the macular microvasculature in mild DME by reducing FAZ size in the SCP. It provides visual and functional benefits while maintaining a favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-Induced Cortical Lesions in Mice as a Model for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.","authors":"Bhavya Ojha, Bita Ramazani, Rouhin Belal, Jonathan Krieger, Maria Bloksgaard, Gabriela Teresa Lyszczarz, Dominika Rusin, Agnieszka Wlodarczyk, Una FitzGerald, Trevor Owens, Reza Khorooshi","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051195","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The current animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) predominantly emphasize white matter inflammation, reflecting early-stage disease. However, progressive MS (PMS) is characterized by cortical pathology, including subpial demyelination, chronic meningeal inflammation, and microglial activation, which are underrepresented in the existing models. While alternative mouse models replicate the relapsing-remitting phenotype and gray matter pathology, pathology is frequently dispersed throughout the brain, complicating the analysis of the specific lesion sites. <b>Methods:</b> To address this gap, we developed a novel model that integrates laser-induced focal demyelination with cytokine-driven meningeal inflammation to replicate the key aspects of PMS cortical pathology. <b>Results:</b> Using two-photon laser irradiation, we induced controlled subpial cortical lesions in CX3CR1-GFP mice, leading to microglial activation, astrocytosis, and focal demyelination. The addition of IFNγ-expressing adenovirus to promote meningeal inflammation which resulted in prolonged glial responses, increased immune cell infiltration, and exacerbated demyelination, mimicking the PMS-associated pathology. <b>Conclusions:</b> This model provides a powerful tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying the cortical lesion development and immune-mediated neurodegeneration in PMS. By capturing the critical aspects of cortical pathology, it enables the evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation and demyelination, ultimately aiding in the development of new treatments of progression in PMS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of miRNA-Mediated VEGFA Regulation by SNP-Induced Impairment: A Bioinformatic Analysis in Diabetic Complications.","authors":"Raquel Freitas, Stela Felipe, Christina Pacheco, Emmanuelle Faria, Jonathan Martins, Jefferson Fortes, Denner Silva, Paulo Oliveira, Vania Ceccatto","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules involved in biological regulation processes, including type 2 diabetes and its complications development. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can alter miRNA mechanisms, resulting in loss or gain effects. VEGFA is recognized for its role in angiogenesis. However, its overexpression can lead to deleterious effects, such as disorganized and inefficient vasculature. Under hyperglycemic conditions, VEGFA expression seems to increase, which may contribute to the development of microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications. Several miRNAs are associated with VEGFA regulation and seem to act in the prevention of dysregulated expression. This study aimed to investigate SNPs in miRNA regions related to the loss effect in VEGFA regulation, examining their frequency and potential physiological effects in the development of diabetic complications. <b>Methods</b>: VEGFA-targeting miRNAs were identified using the R package multimiR, with validated and predicted results. Tissue expression analysis and SNP search were data-mined with Python 3 for miRNASNP-v3 SNP raw databases. Allele frequencies were obtained from dbSNP. The miRNA-mRNA interaction comparison was obtained in the miRmap tool through Python 3. MalaCards were used to infer physiological disease association. <b>Results</b>: The variant rs371699284 was selected in hsa-miR-654-3p among 103 potential VEGFA-targeting miRNAs. This selected SNP demonstrated promising results in bioinformatics predictions, tissue-specific expression, and population frequency, highlighting its potential role in miRNA regulation and the resulting loss in VEGFA-silencing efficiency. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest that carriers of rs1238947970 may increase susceptibility to diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. Furthermore, in vitro and in silico studies are necessary to better understand these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Therapies in Melanoma-Targeting DNA Methylation and Histone Modification.","authors":"Adrian Bogdan Tigu, Andrei Ivancuta, Andrada Uhl, Alexandru Cristian Sabo, Madalina Nistor, Ximena-Maria Mureșan, Diana Cenariu, Tanase Timis, Doru Diculescu, Diana Gulei","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051188","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer prevalence has increased during the last decades, with the last years serving as a pivotal moment for comprehending its epidemiological patterns and its impact on public health. Melanoma is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies, arising from a complex interplay of genetic factors, environmental factors, lifestyle and socio-economic conditions. Epigenetic changes play a critical role in tumor development, influencing progression and aggressiveness. Epigenetic therapies could represent novel therapeutic options, while drug repositioning may serve as a viable strategy for cancer treatment. Demethylating agents, commonly used in hematological malignancies, show promising results on solid tumors, including melanoma. Methylation patterns are responsible for tumor development by modulating gene expression, while histone acetylation influences DNA processes such as transcription, replication, repair, and recombination. This review aims to identify existing potential therapeutical approaches using therapeutic agents that can modulate DNA methylation and histone modification, which can lead to tumor inhibition, cell death initiation and reactivation of tumor suppressor genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Coronary Artery Disease in Sepsis Survivors.","authors":"Samuel Malomo, Thomas Oswald, Thomas Alway, Stanislav Hadjivassilev, Steven Coombs, Susan Ellery, Joon Lee, Claire Phillips, Barbara Philips, Rachael James, David Hildick-Smith, Victoria Parish, Alexander Liu","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051181","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Sepsis survivors are at risk of developing myocardial infarction and heart failure. It remains unclear whether coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to the development of these complications. This study sought to characterize the burden and distribution of significant CAD in sepsis survivors. <b>Methods:</b> Sepsis survivors who underwent computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) or invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in a UK tertiary cardiac center for suspected ischemic heart disease were retrospectively studied. <b>Results:</b> Of the 30 sepsis survivors (age 57 ± 12 years; 50% males), 21 patients underwent CTCA and 9 patients underwent ICA a median 39 days [IQR 12-152] from the sepsis episode. Eight patients (~27%) had angiographically significant CAD (n = 6 severe [>70%] stenosis; n = 2 moderate [50-70%] stenosis). The CT coronary calcium score was higher in patients with significant CAD compared to patients without significant CAD (638 [368-1015] vs. 4 [1-72]; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Of the 8 patients with significant CAD, 3 patients had LV systolic dysfunction (38%) on echocardiography and 8/21 (38%) patients without significant CAD had LV systolic dysfunction (<i>p</i> = 1.00). Long-term adverse complications (all-cause mortality and/or heart failure hospitalization) occurred 3/8 (38%) patients with significant CAD and 4/22 (18%) patients without significant CAD (<i>p</i> = 0.345). <b>Conclusions:</b> A minority of sepsis survivors have significant CAD. The presence of significant CAD cannot fully explain the occurrence of post-sepsis LV systolic dysfunction and adverse outcomes. The ischemic and non-ischemic mechanisms underlying post-sepsis cardiovascular disease require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Fungal Nutraceutical Supplementation on Postoperative Complications, Inflammatory Factors and Fecal Microbiota in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery with Curative Intent: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.","authors":"Cristina Regueiro, Astrid Irene Diez Martín, Sonia Pérez, Carlos Daviña-Núñez, Sara Zarraquiños, David Remedios, Cristina Alejandra Sánchez Gómez, Sara Alonso Lorenzo, Romina Fernández Poceiro, María Luisa de Castro Parga, Vicent Hernández Ramírez, Arturo Rodríguez-Blanco, Esteban Sinde, Catalina Fernández-de-Ana, Joaquín Cubiella","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051185","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The combination of different fungal extracts could be beneficial to cancer patients due to their role in gut microbiota modulation and anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to evaluate whether fungal extract supplementation reduces postsurgical complications in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing curative surgery. <b>Methods:</b> Patients were randomized to receive the nutraceutical Micodigest 2.0 or a placebo until surgery. Surgical complications were evaluated using the Clavien-Dindo classification. We also assessed the effect of the nutraceutical on gut microbiota composition, inflammatory response, nutritional status, and quality of life. A subanalysis based on surgery type (robotic vs. non-robotic) was performed. <b>Results:</b> We included 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with 27 randomized to the intervention group and 19 to the placebo group, receiving treatment for three (2-4) weeks. Non-robotic surgery was performed in 35 (76.1%) patients. We found non-significant differences in postoperative complications (Micodigest 2.0: 25.9%, placebo: 26.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.9). In non-robotic surgery, we identified a non-significant reduction in postoperative complications (Micodigest 2.0: 25.0%, placebo: 36.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.7), as well as a significant increase in lymphocyte levels and a reduction in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Micodigest 2.0 supplementation was also associated with significant changes in gut microbiota composition, as indicated by a decreased relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and Actinobacteria (<i>p</i> = 0.04). <b>Conclusions:</b> Micodigest 2.0 supplementation was associated with non-significant reductions in postoperative complications and significant modifications in gut microbiota composition. <b>Limitations:</b> The trial did not reach the calculated sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Platelet Lysate-Based Medium and Protein Substrate for HUVEC Culture and Expansion.","authors":"Juan Manuel Duarte Rojas, Luz Marina Restrepo Múnera, Sergio Estrada Mira","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051187","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Endothelial cell (EC) culture relies on specialized and commercial media with distinct growth supplement compositions. These media are expensive and must be imported, increasing the time to effective use. Human platelet lysate (PL) and platelet lysate serum (PLS) supplemented media are emerging alternatives to commercial media. <b>Methods</b>: Umbilical cords were collected, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated and cultured using different media formulations, using Endothelial Cell Growth, Promocell^® (ECGM-Promocell^®) commercial medium, and media supplemented with PL and PLS. <b>Results:</b> A mixed medium combining DMEM-F12 + PLS and ECGM-<i>Promocell^®</i> maintained EC viability, adhesion, and proliferation. Introducing a PL-derived protein substrate enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation by simulating an extracellular matrix. Flow cytometry revealed positive CD31, CD144, and CD146 markers in cells cultured with ECGM-<i>Promocell^®</i> and the mixed medium, with or without the PL-protein substrate. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the mixed medium, especially with the PL protein substrate, offers a cost-effective and efficient approach for EC culture and proliferation, holding promise for research and therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications of Gold Nanoparticles: Current Status and Future Prospects.","authors":"Md Amdadul Huq, Md Rasel Rana, Abdus Samad, Md Shahedur Rahman, M Mizanur Rahman, Md Ashrafudoulla, Shahina Akter, Jong-Whi Park","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13051184","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13051184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug resistance is a serious problem for human health worldwide. Day by day this drug resistance is increasing and creating an anxious situation for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Researchers are trying to solve this terrible situation to overcome drug resistance. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be a promising agent for controlling drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms and cancer cells. AuNPs can be synthesized via chemical and physical approaches, carrying many threats to the ecosystem. Green synthesis of AuNPs using biological agents such as plants and microbes is the most fascinating and attractive alternative to physicochemical synthesis as it offers many advantages, such as simplicity, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Plant extracts contain numerous biomolecules, and microorganisms produce various metabolites that act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents during the synthesis of AuNPs. The characterization of green-synthesized AuNPs has been conducted using multiple instruments including UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), DLS, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). AuNPs have detrimental effects on bacterial and cancer cells via the disruption of cell membranes, fragmentation of DNA, production of reactive oxygen species, and impairment of metabolism. The biocompatibility and biosafety of synthesized AuNPs must be investigated using a proper in vitro and in vivo screening model system. In this review, we have emphasized the green, facile, and eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs using plants and microorganisms and their potential antimicrobial and anticancer applications and highlighted their antibacterial and anticancer mechanisms. This study demonstrates that green-synthesized AuNPs may potentially be used to control pathogenic bacteria as well as cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}