Arthrospira platensis and Its Potential for Skin Regeneration in Animal Models as Support for Initiating Clinical Trials in Humans: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The search for natural alternatives to enhance wound healing has driven the investigation of bioactive compounds, such as Spirulina. This microalga, rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, contains compounds like phycocyanin (C-PC), which promote cell repair, reduce inflammatory markers, and combat bacteria. Although its effects are promising, its efficacy still requires validation through human clinical trials. This article aims to review scientific publications on the use of Spirulina in skin regeneration using animal wound models. Methods: A database search was conducted for studies published between 2017 and 2024 on the effects of Spirulina on tissue regeneration in rats, chosen for their genetic similarity to humans. In vitro studies, those using other animal models, or studies published in languages other than Spanish or English were excluded. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Four studies were analyzed, all of which demonstrated promising results in wound healing in rats. Spirulina was administered through oral supplements, hydrogels, and nanophytosomal formulations. These treatments accelerated wound closure and improved granulation tissue formation, vascularization, and epithelialization. Additionally, they exhibited antihyperglycemic effects in diabetic rats. Conclusions: The reviewed studies highlight the potential of Spirulina platensis to enhance wound healing, particularly in cases of diabetes and burns. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties play a crucial role in accelerating cellular regeneration and reducing inflammation, contributing to faster and more effective recovery. However, further research in humans is necessary to confirm its safety and clinical efficacy.