Biomedicines最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Inflamed Appendix Tissues.","authors":"Piotr Deptuła, Dawid Łysik, Przemysław Wolak, Grzegorz Król, Paulina Paprocka, Piotr Bijak, Dominika Ziembicka, Joanna Mystkowska, Robert Bucki","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112588","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Histopathological examination enables visualization of morphological changes in cells and tissues. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in assessing the mechanical properties of tissues that cannot be determined by standard histopathological examinations. Mechanobiology is crucial in human physiology and holds promise for uncovering new diagnostic markers for disease processes such as carcinogenesis and inflammation. In this study, we concentrated on measuring the mechanical properties of appendix biopsy specimens to identify potential mechanomarkers of inflammation. Appendix tissues provided the opportunity to measure mechanical properties both with an atomic force microscope and a shear rheometer. <b>Methods</b>: The atomic force microscope AFM-NanoWizard 4 BioScience JPK/Bruker was used for the evaluation of the elastic modulus (i.e., Young's modulus) of appendix tissues. Young's modulus was derived from the Hertz-Sneddon model applied to force-indentation curves. The rheological properties of macroscopic samples were measured on a parallel-plate, strain-controlled shear rheometer Anton Paar MCR302. <b>Results</b>: The data collected suggest that elasticity, expressed as Young's modulus and the storage modulus, could be considered a marker indicating appendix tissue inflammation. Young's modulus of inflamed appendix tissues was found to be significantly lower than that of healthy ones, with an average reduction of 67%. Furthermore, it was observed that inflamed appendix tissues, in comparison to healthy ones, respond differently under varying axial and shear stresses, enabling their identification. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest that the specific mechanical properties of inflamed vermiform appendices could serve as novel mechanomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of appendicitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Effects of Sodium Thiosulfate During Resuscitation from Trauma and Hemorrhage in Cigarette-Smoke-Exposed Cystathionine-γ-Lyase Knockout Mice.","authors":"Maximilian Feth, Felix Hezel, Michael Gröger, Melanie Hogg, Fabian Zink, Sandra Kress, Andrea Hoffmann, Enrico Calzia, Ulrich Wachter, Peter Radermacher, Tamara Merz","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112581","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Acute and chronic pre-traumatic cigarette smoke exposure increases morbidity and mortality after trauma and hemorrhage. In mice with a genetic deletion of the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S-producing enzyme cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt;), providing exogenous H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S using sodium thiosulfate (Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) improved organ function after chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; during resuscitation from blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock on CSE&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; mice with pre-traumatic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Since H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S is well established as being able to modify energy metabolism, a specific focus was placed on whole-body metabolic pathways and mitochondrial respiratory activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Following CS exposure, the CSE&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; mice underwent anesthesia, surgical instrumentation, blunt chest trauma, hemorrhagic shock for over 1 h (target mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≈ 35 ± 5 mmHg), and resuscitation for up to 8 h comprising lung-protective mechanical ventilation, the re-transfusion of shed blood, fluid resuscitation, and continuous i.v. noradrenaline (NoA) to maintain an MAP ≥ 55 mmHg. At the start of the resuscitation, the mice randomly received either i.v. Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (0.45 mg/g&lt;sub&gt;bodyweight&lt;/sub&gt;; n = 14) or the vehicle (NaCl 0.9%; n = 11). In addition to the hemodynamics, lung mechanics, gas exchange, acid-base status, and organ function, we quantified the parameters of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism using a primed continuous infusion of stable, non-radioactive, isotope-labeled substrates (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and the post-mortem tissue mitochondrial respiratory activity (\"high-resolution respirometry\").&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;While the hemodynamics and NoA infusion rates did not differ, Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; was associated with a trend towards lower static lung compliance (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.071) and arterial PO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.089) at the end of the experiment. The direct, aerobic glucose oxidation rate was higher (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.041) in the Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-treated mice, which resulted in lower glycemia levels (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.050) and a higher whole-body CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; production rate (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.065). The mitochondrial respiration in the heart, kidney, and liver tissue did not differ. While the kidney function was comparable, the Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-treated mice showed a trend towards a shorter survival time (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.068).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;During resuscitation from blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock in CSE&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; mice with pre-traumatic CS exposure, Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; was associated with increased direct, aerobic glucose oxidation, suggesting a switch in energy metabolism","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Critical Role of Host and Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Endometriosis.","authors":"Michaela Wagner, Chloe Hicks, Emad El-Omar, Valery Combes, Fatima El-Assaad","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, oestrogen-dependent disorder that is defined by the presence of endometrium-like tissue in the extra-uterine environment. It is estimated to affect approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, and the cause is still largely unknown. The heterogenous nature and complex pathophysiology of the disease results in diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review examines the emerging role of host extracellular vesicles (EVs) in endometriosis development and progression, with a particular focus on bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). EVs are nano-sized membrane-bound particles that can transport bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and therefore play an essential role in intercellular communication. Due to their unique cargo composition, EVs can play a dual role, both in the disease pathogenesis and as biomarkers. Both host and bacterial EVs (HEVs and BEVs) have been implicated in endometriosis, by modulating inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, and cellular proliferation within the peritoneal microenvironment. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying EVs in endometriosis pathophysiology and modulation of the lesion microenvironment may lead to novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on uncovering the specific cargo, the inter-kingdom cell-to-cell interactions, and the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial mechanisms of both HEVs and BEVs in endometriosis in the hope of discovering translational findings that could improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection in Children: An Up-To-Date Study.","authors":"Silvio Maringhini, Demet Alaygut, Ciro Corrado","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections in children. UTIs may be limited to the bladder or involve the kidneys with possible irreversible damage. Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are often associated with UTIs; kidney scars have been considered a consequence of untreated UTIs but may be congenital. The mechanism by which bacteria produce inflammation in the urinary system has been intensively investigated. Diagnostic tools, including invasive imaging procedures, have been advocated in infants and small children with UTIs but are not necessary in most cases. Effective antibiotic drugs are available, and prophylactic treatment has been questioned. Several guidelines on UTIs are available, but a simple one for general practitioners is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11592318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration: Molecular, Functional, and Translational Approach 2.0.","authors":"Pankaj Ahluwalia, Pankaj Gaur, Meenakshi Ahluwalia, Kumar Vaibhav","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain is composed of different cells, such as neurons, glia, endothelial cells, etc [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Failure: A Deficiency of Energy-A Path Yet to Discover and Walk.","authors":"Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Christos Kourek, Dimitrios Farmakis, Elias Tsougos","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112589","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure is a complex syndrome and our understanding and therapeutic approach relies mostly on its phenotypic presentation. Notably, the heart is characterized as the most energy-consuming organ, being both a producer and consumer, in order to satisfy multiple cardiac functions: ion exchange, electromechanical coordination, excitation-contraction coupling, etc. By obtaining further knowledge of the cardiac energy field, we can probably better characterize the basic pathophysiological events occurring in heart disease patients and understand the metabolic substance changes, the relationship between the alteration of energy production/consumption, and hence energetic deficiency not only in the heart as a whole but in every single cardiac territory, which will hopefully provide us with the opportunity to uncover the beginning of the heart failure process. In this respect, using (a) newer imaging techniques, (b) biomedicine, (c) nanotechnology, and (d) artificial intelligence, we can gain a deeper understanding of this complex syndrome. This, in turn, can lead to earlier and more effective therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving human health. To date, the scientific community has not given sufficient attention to the energetic starvation model. In our view, this review aims to encourage scientists and the medical community to conduct studies for a better understanding and treatment of this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11592498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Selected Parameters of the Apelinergic System in Repeat Blood Donors.","authors":"Marta Stanek, Anna Leśków, Dorota Diakowska","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: SARS-CoV-2 enters cells primarily by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, thereby blocking its physiological functions, affecting the apelinergic system, and inhibiting the cleavage of its peptides. The appropriate concentration of peptides in the apelinergic system influences the maintenance of homeostasis and protects against cardiovascular diseases. In our research, we determined the level of selected parameters of the apelinergic system-apelin (AP), elabela (ELA), and the apelin receptor (APJ)-in repeat blood donors. <b>Methods</b>: We analyzed 120 serum samples obtained from 30 repeat donors (study group) within four time periods after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: <60 days, 61-90 days, 91-120 days, and >120 days. We compared the results from the study groups with those of the control group, which consisted of 30 serum samples collected from donors donating blood in the years 2018-2019. <b>Results</b>: We observed that the AP, ELA, and APJ concentrations in the control group are higher than in any period in the study group. In the study group, the concentrations of AP and ELA increased in subsequent study periods. AP and ELA concentrations were lower shortly after SARS-CoV-2 transfection and then slowly increased in subsequent periods. APJ concentrations, on the other hand, were lowest at 61-90 days after the infection, but the decrease, relative to their level in healthy subjects, was significant in every period studied. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results suggest that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes changes in the parameters of the apelinergic system, both after a short period of time has passed since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and even up to 4 months after the infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders in a Cohort of Romanian Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Muntean Mihai, Săsăran Vladut, Pop Gheorghe Lucian, Muntean Elena Irina, Nyulas Victoria, Mărginean Claudiu","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) treated with levothyroxine in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders (GHDs) (gestational hypertension and preeclampsia).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>96 pregnant women with GDM were enrolled in this study and grouped as per the European Thyroid Association criteria into the SCH (n = 21) and euthyroid groups (n = 75). All subjects were tested for anthropometric parameters, maternal glucose homeostasis parameters, lipid levels, thyroid function tests, and blood pressure. All GDM pregnant women received nutritional and insulin therapy where needed, and the SCH group received levothyroxine treatment. Then, the maternal and newborn outcomes were compared. Data were analyzed using Student's <i>t</i>-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Chi-square tests wherever applicable. <i>p</i> values of <0.05 were considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with GDM and SCH had a pre-pregnancy BMI and BMI at inclusion in the study smaller than those of the euthyroid group (<i>p</i> = 0.0004, <i>p</i> = 0.0009). There were no significant differences between groups regarding the incidence of GHD, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROMs), macrosomia, low birth weight, and fetal distress (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Patients with GDM and SCH treated with levothyroxine had more premature delivery than the euthyroid group (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subclinical hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine in women with GDM does not increase the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, but is associated with increased risk for prematurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11592048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage.","authors":"Michał Bąk, Magdalena Wojciech, Adrianna Pielech, Sylwia Holka, Marek Zawadzki, Dawid Murawa","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the levels of tumor markers-specifically, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ca19-9 antigen-determined in both serum (sCEA and sCa19-9) and intraoperative peritoneal washings (pCEA and pCa19-9) and the advanced stage of gastric cancer (including the occurrence of cancer cells in cytology from abdominal fluid).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 47 patients with histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer who underwent surgical treatment. The material for the cytological examination and assessment of CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in peritoneal fluid was collected intraoperatively. Later, blood was drawn to assess the CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in blood serum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistical correlation between a positive cytology result or the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and a positive result for the tumor markers obtained from abdominal washings. This correlation was not observed with marker levels obtained from blood serum. The pCEA marker was highly sensitive (93.3%) and specific (93.8%) for detecting cancer cells. The pCa19-9 marker was less effective in detecting cancer but matched pCEA in identifying the absence of cancer. No differences were observed in sCEA and sCA19-9 levels between patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not receive this treatment. However, statistical analysis showed that this relationship did not apply to pCEA and pCa19-9 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intraoperative determinations of tumor marker levels in peritoneal washings may be a predictive factor for a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11592263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiotoxic and Cardioprotective Effects of Methylene Blue in the Animal Model of Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion.","authors":"Hezio Jadir Fernandes Junior, Erisvaldo Amarante de Araújo, José Antônio Machado Junior, Fabio Marinho Lutz Motta, Gabriela Ferrazzano Guarize, Lucas Chen Cheng, Junaid Tantray, Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros, Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau, Adriano Henrique Pereira Barbosa, Adriano Caixeta, Isadora S Rocco, Solange Guizilini, Marcelo Pires-Oliveira, Murched Omar Taha, Afonso Caricati-Neto, Walter José Gomes, Fernando Sabia Tallo, Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112575","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines12112575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Treatment of patients with myocardial ischemic diseases crucially involves cardiac reperfusion (CR). However, oxidative stress and tissue lesions caused by CR may also lead to lethal complications, such as arrythmias and vasoplegic syndrome (VS). Although methylene blue (MB) has long been used to treat VS due to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (CIR) and/or surgery because of its vascular effects, MB's effects on the heart are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential cardioprotective or arrhythmogenic effects of MB in an animal model of CIR. To this end, 12-16-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (a) rats subjected to SHAM surgery with no ischemia; (b) rats subjected to CIR and treated with a vehicle (SS + CIR); and (c) rats subjected to CIR and treated with 2 mg/kg i.v. MB before ischemia (MB + ISQ) or (d) after ischemia but before reperfusion (ISQ + MB). An ECG analysis was used to evaluate the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), atrioventricular blocks (AVBs), and lethality (LET) resulting from CIR. After CIR, rat hearts were removed for histopathological analysis and lipid hydroperoxide (LH) measurements. <b>Results:</b> The incidence of VA, AVB, and LET was significantly increased in the MB + ISQ group (VA = 100%; AVB = 100%; LET = 100%) but significantly reduced in the ISQ + MB group (VA = 42.8%; AVB = 28.5%; LET = 21.4%) compared with the SS + CIR group (VA = 85.7%; AVB = 71.4%; LET = 64.2%). LH concentration was significantly reduced in both MB-treated groups, but myocardial injuries were increased only in the MB + ISQ group when compared with the SS + CIR group. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results indicate that MB produces a biphasic effect on CIR, with cardiotoxic effects when administered before cardiac ischemia and cardioprotective effects when administered after ischemia but before cardiac reperfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}