Biomedicines最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Multidimensional Risk Factors Associated with Local Adverse Reactions to Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Therapy: Insights from a Nationwide Multicenter Study.","authors":"Sandra Martínez Mercader, Victor Garcia-Bustos, Pedro Moral Moral, Carmen Martínez Buenaventura, Elisa Escudero Vergara, María Carmen Montaner Bosch, Héctor Balastegui-Martín, Sonia Galindo Maycas, Miriam González Amores, Noemí Gimenez Sanz, Marian Escobar Palazón, María Moreno Mulet, Ignacio Campanero Carrasco, Alicia López, Carlos Daniel Hernández Ruiz, Laura Ruiz-López, Rocío Guzmán Guzmán, Marta Dafne Cabañero-Navalon","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) is a well-established alternative to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in patients with primary (PID) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID), with demonstrated benefits in safety and quality of life. However, its implementation remains limited in parts of Southern Europe, partly due to frequent local adverse reactions (LARs), which, despite being mild, can affect adherence and clinician confidence. This study aimed to identify clinical, anatomical, psychosocial, and geographical factors associated with LARs and to develop an exploratory model for individualized risk estimation. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter observational study in eight Spanish hospitals using data from the GEIE Registry. Patients aged ≥14 years with PID or SID receiving SCIg for ≥1 month were included. Demographic, clinical, anatomical, and psychosocial variables were collected. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to identify independent predictors of LARs and internally validated using bootstrap resampling (500 iterations). A nomogram was constructed for personalized risk prediction. <b>Results</b>: Among 223 included patients, 73.1% reported LARs, primarily swelling, pruritus, and rash. Independent predictors included smaller abdominal perimeter (OR 0.955, <i>p</i> < 0.001), history of skin disease (OR 2.75, <i>p</i> = 0.044), greater distance to hospital (OR 1.01, <i>p</i> = 0.050), and absence of anxiety (OR 0.089, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Model discrimination was good (AUC 0.801), with minimal optimism after internal validation (validated AUC 0.788). <b>Conclusions</b>: LARs are common among patients receiving SCIg and could be influenced by anatomical, dermatological, psychological, and geographical factors. This exploratory multicenter study underscores the clinical relevance of these factors and may guide more personalized and safer use of SCIg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Opportunities in Melanoma Through PRAME Expression.","authors":"Mislav Mokos, Ivana Prkačin, Klara Gaćina, Ana Brkić, Nives Pondeljak, Mirna Šitum","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer. Its diagnosis appears to be challenging due to morphological similarities to benign melanocytic lesions. Even though histopathological evaluation is the diagnostic gold standard, immunohistochemistry (IHC) proves to be useful in challenging cases. Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) has emerged as a promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker in melanoma. <b>Methods:</b> This review critically examines the role of PRAME across clinical domains. It presents an evaluation of PRAME's diagnostic utility in differentiating melanomas from benign nevi, its prognostic significance across melanoma subtypes, and therapeutic applications in emerging immunotherapy strategies. An extensive analysis of the current literature was conducted, with a focus on PRAME expression patterns in melanocytic lesions and various malignancies, along with its integration into IHC protocols and investigational therapies. <b>Results:</b> PRAME demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing melanoma from benign melanocytic proliferations, particularly in challenging subtypes such as acral, mucosal, and spitzoid lesions. Its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in numerous malignancies. Therapeutically, PRAME's HLA class I presentation enables T-cell-based targeting. Early-phase trials show promising results using PRAME-directed TCR therapies and bispecific ImmTAC agents. However, immune evasion mechanisms (i.e., heterogeneous antigen expression, immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, and HLA downregulation) pose significant challenges to therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> PRAME is a valuable biomarker for melanoma diagnosis and a promising target for immunotherapy. Its selective expression in malignancies supports its clinical utility in diagnostic precision, prognostic assessment, and precision oncology. Ongoing research aimed at overcoming immunological barriers will be essential for optimizing PRAME-directed therapies and establishing their place in the personalized management of melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Against Successful Weight Loss and Promising Treatment Options in Obesity.","authors":"Zsolt Szekeres, Eszter Szabados, Anita Pálfi","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: Obesity has become a major health issue, with multifactorial etiologies involving lifestyle, genetic, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. Despite public health campaigns and lifestyle interventions, long-term weight loss is often difficult to achieve or sustain. This literature review aims to summarize current knowledge on the main molecular mechanisms that hinder weight loss and to summarize the newest therapeutic strategies targeting obesity. <b>Methods</b>: The literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with a preference for peer-reviewed original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Eligible studies were required to be published in the English language and within the last ten years (2015-2025), with the exception of historically significant publications. A total of 112 articles were included in our review. <b>Results</b>: Obesity is a complex, chronic, recurrent metabolic condition that requires personalized, multidisciplinary treatment approaches. In this review, we summarize the major molecular mechanisms underlying weight gain and weight maintenance in obesity. In this literature review, we address the metabolic memory and epigenetics that act through DNA and histone modifications and micro interfering RNAs, resulting in an energy imbalance that can be passed on to further generations. The dysfunction of adipose tissue contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, leading to more severe obesity. The ratio of white, beige, and brown adipocytes also plays an important role in regulating energy balance. Novel medical interventions offer promising results in attenuating these mechanisms against successful weight loss. <b>Conclusions</b>: Current interventions, including calorie restriction, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment together, may show great promise in combating obesity, but long-term efficacy and safety remain to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIBG Scintigraphy and Arrhythmic Risk in Myocarditis.","authors":"Maria Lo Monaco, Margherita Licastro, Matteo Nardin, Rocco Mollace, Flavia Nicoli, Alessandro Nudi, Giuseppe Medolago, Erika Bertella","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081981","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The widespread use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical practice has enabled the identification of numerous patients with evident damage from previous myocarditis, whether known or unknown. For years, myocardial fibrosis has been a topic of interest due to its established correlation with arrhythmic events in various clinical settings, including ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. MIBG scintigraphy is a method widely used in patients who are candidates for defibrillator implantation or have experienced heart failure. This examination evaluates the sympathetic innervation of the myocardium. &lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To assess the real arrhythmogenic risk of non-ischemic scars identified in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients through the use of MIBG. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Patients were retrospectively selected based on the presence of non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis detected by cardiac MRI, consistent with a myocarditis outcome (even in the absence of a clear history of myocarditis). These patients underwent myocardial scintigraphy with MIBG using a tomographic technique. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 50 patients (41 males, mean age 51 ± 16 years) who underwent MRI from 2019 to June 2024 were selected. The primary indication for MRI was ventricular ectopic extrasystoles detected on Holter ECG (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12, 54%), while five patients underwent MRI following a known acute infectious event (23%, including three cases of COVID-19 infection). All symptomatic patients presented with chest pain in the acute phase, accompanied by elevated hsTNI levels (mean value: 437 pg/mL). The MRI findings showed normal ventricular volumes (LV: 80 mL/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, RV: 81 mL/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and normal ejection fractions (56% and 53%, respectively). The mean native T1 mapping value was 1013 ms (normal range: 950-1050). T2 mapping values were altered in the 5 patients who underwent MRI during the acute phase (mean value: 57 ms), without segmentation. Additionally, three patients had non-tamponade pericardial effusion. All patients exhibited LGE (nine subepicardial, seven midwall, six patchy). All patients underwent myocardial scintigraphy with MIBG at least 6 months after the acute event, with only one case yielding a positive result. This patient, a 57-year-old male, had the most severe clinical presentation, including more than 65,000 premature ventricular beats (PVBs) and multiple episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) recorded on Holter ECG. MRI findings showed severe left ventricular dysfunction, a slightly dilated LV, and midwall LGE at the septum, coinciding with hypokinetic areas. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; MIBG scintigraphy could be a useful tool in assessing arrhythmic risk in patients with previous myocarditis. It could help reduce the clinical burden of incidental findings of non-ischemic LGE, which does not appear to be independently associated with an increased risk profil","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salusins in Atherosclerosis: Dual Roles in Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling.","authors":"Leszek Niepolski, Szymon Jęśko-Białek, Joanna Niepolska, Agata Pendzińska","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of plaque within the arterial wall. Recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of bioactive peptides in modulating vascular homeostasis and inflammation. Among these, salusin-α and salusin-β have emerged as critical regulators of atherogenesis. These peptides are generated via differential proteolytic processing of preprosalusin: an amino acid precursor encoded by the torsin family 2 member A gene. Despite their common origin, salusin-α and salusin-β exhibit divergent biological activities. Salusin-β promotes vascular inflammation by enhancing oxidative stress, activating the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, and upregulating proinflammatory cytokines as well as adhesion molecules, and it also facilitates foam cell formation by increasing the expression of acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and scavenger receptors, thereby contributing to plaque progression. In contrast, salusin-α appears to exert protective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects by increasing the expression of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and inhibiting key proinflammatory mediators. Additionally, these peptides modulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, with salusin-β promoting cellular proliferation and fibrosis via calcium and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated pathways, while the role of salusin-α in these processes is less well defined. Altered plasma levels of salusins have been correlated with the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of biosynthesis, tissue distribution, and dual roles of salusins in vascular inflammation and remodeling, emphasizing their significance in the pathogenesis and early detection of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Activity of Pediatric Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.","authors":"Matjaž Kopač, Aleš Jerin, Ema Bohinc, Joško Osredkar","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study investigated the correlation of oxidative stress biomarkers with the activity of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in Slovenian children. <b>Methods:</b> In this prospective study, sequential plasma and urine samples from 20 children with INS in different phases of disease activity were taken: at first disease presentation or relapse (before glucocorticoid (GC) treatment), at time of remission achievement, and after discontinuation of GC treatment. This study measured oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) adduct, dityrosine (DiY), and 15-isoprostane F2t, using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessed oxidative status using the FRAS 5 analytical system, which enables rapid photometric measurement of both oxidative and antioxidant capacity from biological fluids. Two complementary tests were performed: the d-ROMs test (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites) and the PAT (plasma antioxidant test). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as the ratio between them. <b>Results:</b> Concentrations of isoprostanes in urine were statistically significantly lower in patients at first disease presentation or relapse compared to time of remission achievement. Values of PAT test in serum were significantly highest after GC treatment. Values of d-ROMs test in serum were significantly lower at time of remission achievement compared to first disease presentation or relapse. Values of 8-OHdG, HEL, DiY (in plasma and urine), isoprostanes, and OSI in plasma did not statistically significantly differ in various phases of disease activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Isoprostanes in urine and PAT in serum could serve as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress and disease activity in children with INS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of rs11568476 Polymorphism in the <i>SLC13A2</i> Gene in Turkish Patients with Hypocitraturia and Calcium-Containing Kidney Stones.","authors":"Ekrem Başaran, Dursun Baba, Yusuf Şenoğlu, Alpaslan Yüksel, Muhammet Ali Kayıkçı, Selma Düzenli, Ali Tekin","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives</b>: Hypocitraturia is a major risk factor for calcium-containing kidney stone disease. Citrate inhibits stone formation by binding calcium in the urine. The <i>SLC13A2</i> gene encodes the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1), a membrane transport protein that facilitates citrate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules. Variants in this gene, such as rs11568476 (V477M), have been shown to significantly impair transporter activity. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the rs11568476 polymorphism in <i>SLC13A2</i> and its association with hypocitraturia in Turkish patients with calcium-containing kidney stones. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic study evaluating this polymorphism in a Turkish cohort. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: This prospective cross-sectional study included 90 patients diagnosed with calcium-containing kidney stones at Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology. Based on 24 h urinary citrate levels, patients were divided into two groups: normocitraturic (<i>n</i> = 38) and hypocitraturic (<i>n</i> = 52). Blood and 24 h urine samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. The rs11568476 polymorphism in SLC13A2 was analyzed using Real-Time PCR. <b>Results</b>: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and most biochemical parameters. Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the hypocitraturic group (<i>p</i> = 0.002), whereas family history of stone disease was more prevalent in the normocitraturic group (<i>p</i> = 0.024). Genetic analysis revealed no polymorphism in the rs11568476 region; all patients exhibited the homozygous wild-type genotype (GG). <b>Conclusions</b>: No association was observed between the rs11568476 polymorphism and hypocitraturia in this cohort. The absence of the polymorphism suggests that this variant may be rare or absent in the Turkish population. These findings highlight the importance of investigating additional genetic and environmental contributors to hypocitraturia and nephrolithiasis through larger, multicenter studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Association Between Central Sensitization and Breathing Pattern Disorders.","authors":"Hyunmo Lim, Yongwook Lee, Yechan Cha, Juhee Hwang, Hyojung Han, Huijin Lee, Jaeho Yang, Woobin Jeong, Yujin Lim, Donggeun Lee, Hyunjoong Kim","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Central sensitization (CS) is identified as a cause of pain in various musculoskeletal diseases, and breathing pattern disorders (BPDs) are reported to be correlated with chronic pain. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between CS and BPDs through regression analysis. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was designed according to the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Forty participants with moderate to extreme CS (central sensitization inventory for Koreans; CSI-K ≥ 40) were enrolled, and their respiratory motion (manual assessment of respiratory motion; MARM), respiratory function (self-evaluation of breathing questionnaire; SEBQ), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure; MIP, maximal expiratory pressure; MEP), pain intensity (numeric pain rating scale; NPRS), pain cognition (Korean version of pain catastrophizing scale; K-PCS), muscle tone and stiffness were measured. <b>Results:</b> Among participants with moderate to extreme CS, 82.5% showed BPDs and 42.5% reported severe pain intensity. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between respiratory and pain variables. K-PCS demonstrated significant negative relationships with MARM area (β = -0.437, R² = 0.191) and positive relationships with SEBQ (β = 0.528, R² = 0.279). In the subgroup with BPDs, strong regression relationships were found between MARM area and NPRS usual pain (β = -0.486, R² = 0.237) and K-PCS (β = -0.605, R² = 0.366). Multiple regression analysis showed that MARM area and SEBQ together explained 41.2% of variance in pain catastrophizing. The comprehensive muscle stiffness prediction model using CSI-K, K-PCS, and muscle tone showed remarkably high explanatory power (R² = 0.978). <b>Conclusions:</b> In individuals with moderate to extreme CS, respiratory dysfunction was prevalent and significantly predictable through regression models with pain intensity and pain cognition. These quantitative regression relationships between breathing mechanics, pain measures, and muscle properties provide clinical prediction tools and suggest the importance of assessing breathing patterns in CS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMR-Derived Strain and Torsion Reveal Subclinical Dysfunction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Case-Control Study.","authors":"Alexandru Zlibut, Ioana Danuta Muresan, Michael Bietenbeck, Andrei Dan Radu, Lucia Agoston-Coldea","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is frequently associated with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), yet subclinical myocardial dysfunction often escapes detection using conventional imaging. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with feature tracking (FT) enables precise assessment of myocardial deformation and mechanics. <b>Methods</b>: In this prospective case-control study, we evaluated 150 HCM patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using standardized CMR protocols. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), circumferential strain (GCS), radial strain (GRS), and left ventricular (LV) torsion were quantified via FT-CMR. Myocardial fibrosis was assessed through late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native T1 mapping, and extracellular volume (ECV). <b>Results</b>: HCM patients showed significantly impaired strain and torsion metrics compared with controls: GLS (-16% vs. -20%), GCS (-18% vs. -21%), GRS (29% vs. 38%), and global LV torsion (1.27°/cm vs. 1.95°/cm), all <i>p</i> < 0.001. These abnormalities were also observed in LGE-negative patients, suggesting early functional remodeling. Global LV torsion demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for LGE detection (AUC = 0.995), surpassing those of GLS (0.877), native T1 (0.731), and ECV (0.657). A cut-off value of 0.7°/cm provided optimal sensitivity and specificity, and was associated with adverse prognosis in survival analysis. <b>Conclusions</b>: CMR-derived strain and torsion parameters detect early myocardial dysfunction in HCM beyond conventional markers. Global LV torsion, in particular, emerges as a sensitive and robust non-invasive marker with diagnostic and prognostic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mechanism of Steroid Hormones in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Molecular Signaling to Clinical Application.","authors":"Yao Wang, Ying Zhou, Yao Yao, Caihong Zheng","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13081992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Steroid hormones play critical roles in the development and progression of NSCLC through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. This review summarizes the expression profiles and molecular functions of estrogen, progesterone, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in NSCLC. Estrogen and progesterone receptors exhibit gender-specific prognostic significance, while glucocorticoid receptors influence tumor growth and immune responses. Emerging evidence supports the use of anti-estrogen therapies and glucocorticoids as adjuncts to existing treatment strategies, including immunotherapy. The crosstalk between hormone signaling and oncogenic pathways such as EGFR or immune checkpoints offers opportunities for novel combination therapies. However, challenges remain in biomarker development, drug resistance, and managing the dual effects of glucocorticoids. A deeper understanding of hormone-tumor-immune interactions is essential to optimize hormone-targeted interventions in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}