Biomedicines最新文献

{"title":"Gene Expression Changes as Biomarkers of Immunosenescence in Bulgarian Individuals of Active Age.","authors":"Dragomira Nikolova, Yana Todorova, Zora Hammoudeh, Blaga Rukova, Radoslava Emilova, Milena Aleksova, Vesselina Koleva, Maria Nikolova","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030721","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Immunosenescence implies innate and adaptive immunity dysfunction, which naturally occurs with aging. It is a complex multifactorial process which can be triggered by either genetic changes, immune changes or both. Numerous research studies have shown that the process of senescence goes alongside chronic immune activation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the expression of genes associated with adaptive and innate immune responses in order to identify reliable biomarkers for immune aging. <b>Methods</b>: For that aim, 55 clinically healthy individuals of active age (21-65 years) were distributed based on immunophenotyping in two groups, with and without signs of premature senescence. A gene expression analysis was subsequently made on those two groups, and the differentially expressed genes were presented and interpreted. <b>Results</b>: Altogether, forty-eight (48) genes exhibited differential expression between the two groups, most of which showed up-regulation (45) (fold change more than 2), and only three were down-regulated (fold change less than -2). The highest positive fold change showed IL-1β (10.76), BCL6 (13.25) and CCL4 (15.91), while the highest negative fold changes were documented for IL23R (-3.10), IL5 (-2.66) and PTGS2 (COX-2) (-2.15). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results reveal that immunosenescence is positively associated with chronic inflammation, which is typical for the aging process. On the other hand, we identified markers of possible protective effects against oxidative stress and tumorigenesis. These findings can aid the early diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases in subclinical phase, as well as the development of strategies to prevent the processes of premature immune aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Nicia I Profili, Roberto Castelli, Roberto Manetti, Marta C Sircana, Michela Pagni, Gemma Lisa Sechi, Antonio Gidaro, Costantino Cossu, Francesco Bella, Alessandro P Delitala","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030720","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a specific class of drugs originally developed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subsequently, studies demonstrated that their action was not limited to glycemic control but could also have positive effects on other specific outcomes, particularly at the cardiovascular level. Indeed, due to their diuretic effect, SGLT2i improve the clinical control of chronic heart failure and reduce the risk of rehospitalization. In addition, other studies reported a protective effect on major cardiovascular events and mortality. More recently, it has been suggested that the prescription of SGLT2i after an acute myocardial infarction may have positive effects due to their possible effect on inflammation, arrhythmias, and ventricular remodeling. Here, we reviewed studies focused on SGLT2i after an acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Risk Traits: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Young Lee, Je Hyun Seo, Junyong Lee, Hwa Sun Kim","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030723","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) present reduced 25(OH)D levels. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate whether causal relationships exist between 25(OH)D levels and MetS/MetS risk traits, including waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. <b>Methods:</b> We employed genetic variants related to 25(OH)D levels from the SUNLIGHT Consortium and a European genome-wide association study meta-analysis, including UK Biobank (UKB) data, as well as variants for MetS and MetS risk traits from UKB and multiple European consortia. Several MR methods were used, i.e., inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy analyses were performed to ensure the stability of candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the instrumental variable. We first conducted univariable MR to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and MetS, including its related risk traits, and subsequently performed multivariable MR to adjust for potential confounders. <b>Results:</b> This study did not provide evidence of a causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and MetS/MetS risk traits. However, we found that several risk traits of MetS, such as waist circumference, BMI, and TG, had an inverse-causal relationship with 25(OH)D levels, suggesting that 25(OH)D levels could be secondary consequences of metabolic illnesses. <b>Conclusions:</b> We identified no causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and MetS/MetS risk factors. However, 25(OH)D levels may result from MetS traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> on Podocythopathies Through B-Cell-Activating Factor Inhibition in Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Model.","authors":"Astrid K Kardani, Loeki E Fitri, Nur Samsu, Krisni Subandiyah","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030719","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Nephrotic syndrome, a glomerular disease caused by podocyte dysfunction, is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Current treatment relies on corticosteroids, which carry the risk of long-term side effects. <i>Physalis angulata</i> has potential as an adjunct therapy for immune-mediated kidney injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of <i>Physalis angulata</i> extracts on anti-nephrin IgG, IL-4, and podocytopathy through BAFF inhibition in a doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome rat model. <b>Methods</b>: This experimental study involved 36 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment groups received <i>Physalis angulata</i> extract at doses of 500 mg/kgBW, 1500 mg/kgBW, and 2500 mg/kgBW, or in combination with prednisone, alongside a group receiving prednisone monotherapy. Podocytopathy was assessed using proteinuria, nephrin, podocalyxin, and GLEPP-1. Proteinuria was measured using spectrophotometry. Serum BAFF levels, renal IL-4, urinary nephrin, and urinary podocalyxin were analyzed using ELISA. Renal nephrin, renal podocalyxin, GLEPP-1, and BAFF expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. <b>Results</b>: The results showed significant reductions in proteinuria, serum BAFF levels, renal BAFF expression, anti-nephrin IgG, IL-4, urinary nephrin, and urinary podocalyxin, along with significant increases in GLEPP-1, renal nephrin, and renal podocalyxin expression, in all treatment groups compared to the nephrotic syndrome control group. The combination of <i>Physalis angulata</i> at 2500 mg/kgBW with prednisone demonstrated the best effects. <b>Conclusions</b>: <i>Physalis angulata</i> shows promise as an adjuvant therapy for nephrotic syndrome by improving podocytopathy through BAFF inhibition. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term safety, optimize dosing, and explore clinical applications in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orofacial Migraine and Neurovascular Orofacial Pain: Response to Treatment-A Pilot Study.","authors":"Rafael Benoliel, Yair Sharav, Shimrit Heiliczer, Yaron Haviv","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030714","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP) recognizes orofacial migraine (OFM) and neurovascular orofacial pain (NVOP) as migraine-related entities affecting the facial and oral regions. The diagnostic features of OFM and NVOP indicate that there are many similarities between the two. However, we recently demonstrated that NVOP and OFM are two distinct diagnostic entities, confirming the ICOP classification. It was the aim of the present study to examine whether OFM and NVOP differ in response to pharmacotherapy. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: The cohort was made up of 40 patients attending a tertiary orofacial pain clinic. When implementing ICOP criteria, an OFM diagnosis was made in 23 and an NVOP diagnosis in 17. <b>Results</b>: No statistically significant differences between NVOP versus OFM were observed in the global response to standard abortive therapy such as triptans, or NSAIDs. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were found following prophylactic therapy that included beta-blockers, anti-epileptic drugs, and tricyclic antidepressants. Up to 80% of patients responded favorably with ≥50% pain reduction. <b>Conclusions</b>: NVOP and OFM differ in diagnostic characteristics, demonstrating unique features, and were confirmed as two diagnostic entities. However, NVOP and OFM did not differ in their response to abortive or prophylactic treatments. Study limitations include the lack of starting data precluding a more precise pharmacological analysis. The small sample size limits any far reaching conclusions. This is particularly true regarding individual drug efficacy. We were unable to analyze drug and dose responses separately due to data constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Natural Variability and Anatomical Misalignment on the Correlation Between Segmental Myocardial Edema and Strain in Acute Myocarditis.","authors":"Kanza Awais, Lana Kralj, Andreja Cerne Cercek, Borut Kirn","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030712","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Acute myocarditis (AM) affects myocardial structure and function, assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement (CMR-LGE) and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), respectively; however, the correlation between the two techniques at the segmental level is inconsistent. We studied natural heterogeneity and anatomical orientation mismatch as potential causes of correlation discrepancy. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 30 AM patients underwent left ventricle LGE-CMR and STE measurement, acquiring 18 segmental values depicting edema extent and peak longitudinal strain, respectively. Baseline segmental correlation was compared to average patient segmental correlation and to segmental correlation after spatial resolution reduction achieved by averaging adjacent segments in four successive iterations, where the degree of spatial resolution reduction was evaluated based on the relative decrease in segmental standard deviation. <b>Results:</b> Baseline segmental correlation was weak, i.e., r = 0.24 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but improved in fitted SLGE and SpLS baseline correlation (r₀ = 0.44, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and in average patient correlation (r = 0.55, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Iterative spatial resolution reduction increased the correlation to r₁ = 0.49 and r₂ = 0.51 and then decreased it to r₃ = 0.11 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and r₄ = 0.07 (<i>p</i> > 0.05), with corresponding decreases in segmental standard deviation relative to baseline from σ₀ = 12.87 to σ/σ₀ = 0.68, 0.51, 0.38, and 0.29 in SLGE values and σ₀ = 4.77 to σ/σ₀ = 0.57, 0.41, 0.31, and 0.23 in SpLS. <b>Conclusions:</b> Improved correlation in average patients is associated with natural heterogeneity, which indicates a need to develop more robust indicators of ventricular function. The improved correlation in moderate spatial resolution reduction indicates a potential solution for anatomic orientation mismatch between CMR-LGE and STE techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calciphylaxis Following Parathyroidectomy in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Nada Akad, Stefana Catalina Bilha, Mugurel Apetrii, Fawzy Akad, Madalina Bilha, Mihai Hogas, Simona Hogas, Maria-Christina Ungureanu, Cristina Preda, Adrian Covic","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030715","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcific uremic arteriolopathy, also known as calciphylaxis, is a rare and often fatal condition most commonly occurring in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is marked by extensive vascular calcification, resulting in tissue ischemia and the development of distinctive skin lesions. We report the case of a 38-year-old male with ESRD due to polycystic kidney disease, who developed calciphylaxis lesions following total parathyroidectomy (PTx). We also performed an electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until December 2024, using the following keywords: 'chronic kidney disease', 'dialysis', 'calciphylaxis', 'calcific uremic arteriolopathy', 'secondary hyperparathyroidism', and 'parathyroidectomy'. A literature review of calciphylaxis cases following PTx in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients identified 14 cases reported up to the manuscript's writing. Although PTx can be a treatment option for calciphylaxis related to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), leading to clinical improvement in some patients, there are atypical calciphylaxis cases occurring after PTx. While the mechanism is not fully understood, the sudden reduction in parathormone (PTH) levels leading to hypocalcemia and decreased bone turnover, together with an increased calcium loading in a patient at risk for abnormal mineralization, may promote vascular and soft tissue calcification. However, the long-term impact of severe SHPT with a delayed post-PTx manifestation cannot be ruled out. Clinicians should consider calciphylaxis in CKD patients with new painful skin lesions. Skin biopsy remains controversial, but a thorough clinical examination, and, in some cases, imaging are essential for a correct diagnosis. A multidisciplinary, personalized approach is crucial, with careful management of post-PTx hypocalcemia and calcium supplementation. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Significance of Visit-to-Visit Ultrafiltration Volume Variability in Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Balázs Sági, Tibor Vas, Éva Fejes, Botond Csiky","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030717","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) have significantly higher mortality compared with the general population. Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the primary reason for death in these patients. Suboptimal extracellular fluid management increases the CV risk of HD patients. We aimed to study the effect of visit-to-visit ultrafiltration volume (UV) variability on CV events and mortality in chronic HD patients. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> In our study, 173 chronic HD patients were included (median age: 63 ± 13 years; 53% men). Ultrafiltration volume (UV) variability was analyzed retrospectively for 24 months. The standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated using the indices of UV variability. CV is the SD divided by the mean. The obtained parameters were SD and CV of the UV: UVSD and UVCV. UV data during the observation period were recorded and used to calculate UV variability. Routine transthoracal echocardiography was performed. <b>Results:</b> Patients were divided into groups based on the median of UVSD, low-UVSD (<568 mL) and high-UVSD (≥568 mL) group; and also based on the median of UVCV, low- (<0.29) and high-UVCV (≥0.29) group. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the high compared to the low-UVSD (21/84 vs. 9/89; <i>p</i> < 0.001) group. Similarly, mortality was higher in the high-UVCV group compared to the low-UVCV group (18/78 vs. 12/95; <i>p</i> = 0.005) after 24 months. Major adverse CV event (MACE) rates were also significantly higher in the high- compared to the low-UVSD group (20/84 vs. 8/89; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the MACE rate was significantly higher in the high-UVCV group compared to the low-UVCV group (15/78 vs. 13/95; <i>p</i> = 0.029) after 24 months. There was no significant difference between the groups in CV mortality. UVSD correlated with parathormone (PTH) level (r = 0.416; <i>p</i> = 0.015), and UVCV with total cholesterol (r = 0.419; <i>p</i> = 0.015). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD) were higher in the high-UVCV group compared to the low-UVCV group (49.95 vs. 52.08; <i>p</i> = 0.013 and 32.19 vs. 34.13; <i>p</i> = 0.034). <b>Conclusions:</b> According to our results, high UVSD and UVCD are associated with increased all-cause mortality and MACE rates but not CV mortality in chronic HD patients. Cardiovascular changes caused by increased UF volume variability during HD may contribute to higher CV morbidity and mortality in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Saliva as a Sample for Non-Invasive Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Patricia Sthefani Calixto, Fernanda Cereda Ferraz, Gabriela Carolina Dutra, Maria Julia Belotto Pelozzo, Mariana Eleni Trovão, Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego, Geraldo Picheth, Patrícia Maria Stuelp Campelo, Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030713","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism, necessitating frequent and often invasive monitoring techniques for its effective management. Saliva, a non-invasive and readily accessible biofluid, has been proposed as a potential alternative for glycemic monitoring due to its biochemical correlation with blood glucose levels. This scoping review aims to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of salivary glucose as a biomarker to track glycemic changes in diabetic populations. <b>Methods</b>: This study adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was performed across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, supplemented by manual searches. <b>Results</b>: A total of fifty-seven studies were included, representing populations affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes (GD). The findings indicated consistent positive correlations between the salivary and blood glucose levels in most studies, although there were significant variations in the sensitivity, specificity, and methodological approaches. Salivary glucose showed promise as a complementary biomarker for glycemic monitoring, particularly due to its non-invasive nature. <b>Conclusions</b>: Challenges such as variability in salivary composition, the absence of standardized collection protocols, and the limited availability of portable devices were noted. This review highlights the potential of saliva as an adjunct sample for diabetes management while stressing the need for further research to bridge existing gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbial Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Position and Future Developments.","authors":"Naveen Sivakumar, Ashwin Krishnamoorthy, Harshita Ryali, Ramesh P Arasaradnam","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13030716","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomedicines13030716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a debilitating condition in which surgery is often seen as a last resort. However, this is associated with morbidity and, in some cases, mortality. There are emerging therapies that seek to better modulate the immune response of hosts with IBD. <b>Aims</b>: The main aim of this study is to focus on novel therapies and techniques studied in the last year that are non-surgical treatments of IBD. <b>Methods</b>: We looked at all the research between March 2024 and February 2025 detailing treatment in IBD and focused on the gut microbiome and gene therapy. <b>Results</b>: Novel therapies are gaining traction in safety and popularity. The results from some animal studies show promise and, with FDA approval, some probiotic therapies show optimistic research potential for future human trials. <b>Conclusions</b>: The research into the diagnostics and novel therapies available on the horizon for humans is very promising. Animal studies have shown potentially transferrable and safe therapies that can target specific sites of inflammation. Modulating the inflammatory response is a powerful therapy with what is shown to be a reasonably safe profile to build further research on.</p>","PeriodicalId":8937,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicines","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}