{"title":"Unlocking Alzheimer’s Disease Heterogeneity: The Role of Normative Modeling, Dynamic Connectivity, and Beyond","authors":"Qian Wang , Shile Qi , Rongtao Jiang , Jing Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":"97 11","pages":"Pages 1016-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanistic and Predictive Implications of Transdiagnostic Features of the Connectome","authors":"Jose M. Rubio, Elvisha Dhamala","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":"97 11","pages":"Pages 1018-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postnatal and juvenile fluoxetine treatment evokes sex-specific, opposing effects on mood-related behavior, gene expression, mitochondrial function, and dendritic architecture in the rat medial prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Utkarsha Ghai, Parul Chachra, Suchith Mendon, Balaganesh Janakiraman, Sashaina E Fanibunda, Ambalika Sarkar, Dievya Gohil, Amogh Bhaskaran Jayaprasad, Kowshik Kukkemane, Vivek Singh, Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam, Vidita A Vaidya","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serotonin shapes emotional neurocircuit development, and serotonergic neurotransmission is implicated in both the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (Flx) is a common first-line treatment for childhood and adolescent mood disorders given a favourable risk-benefit profile. Using a rodent model we addressed specific long-term behavioral, molecular, bioenergetic and cytoarchitectural consequences of postnatal (PNFlx) and juvenile (JFlx) fluoxetine treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rat pups received PNFlx (postnatal day 2: P2-P21) or JFlx (P28-48) treatment with the impact on anxiety- and despair-like behavior examined in adulthood, along with assessing global gene expression, mitochondrial function, and dendritic cytoarchitecture in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PNFlx and JFlx evoked long-lasting, opposing changes in anxiety- and despair-like behavior in male, but not female, rats. The PNFlx- and JFlx-evoked increase and decrease in anxiety- and despair-like behavior respectively, were accompanied by distinctive, minimally overlapping, transcriptional changes in the mPFC in adulthood. Furthermore, we noted starkly differing outcomes of PNFlx and JFlx on mitochondrial function and dendritic cytoarchitecture in the mPFC. The PNFlx evoked despair-like behavior was reversed by adult-onset treatment with nicotinamide, a NAD<sup>+</sup>precursor that enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, our findings highlight distinct developmental epochs wherein fluoxetine exposure can program long-term, sex-specific, opposing outcomes on mood-related behavior, accompanied by persistent changes in gene expression, mitochondrial function and neuronal cytoarchitecture in the mPFC in adulthood. This motivates future studies to examine a potential role for altered bioenergetics in shaping the differential impact of early fluoxetine treatment on emotionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yousef Khan, Christal N Davis, Zeal Jinwala, Kyra L Feuer, Sylvanus Toikumo, Emily E Hartwell, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Roseann E Peterson, Alexander S Hatoum, Henry R Kranzler, Rachel L Kember
{"title":"Transdiagnostic and Disorder-Level Genome-Wide Association Studies Enhance Precision of Substance Use and Psychiatric Genetic Risk Profiles in African and European Ancestries.","authors":"Yousef Khan, Christal N Davis, Zeal Jinwala, Kyra L Feuer, Sylvanus Toikumo, Emily E Hartwell, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Roseann E Peterson, Alexander S Hatoum, Henry R Kranzler, Rachel L Kember","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) and psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur, and their etiology likely reflects both transdiagnostic (i.e., common/shared) and disorder-level (i.e., independent/nonshared) genetic influences. Understanding the genetic influences that are shared and those that operate independently of the shared risk could enhance precision in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, but this remains underexplored, particularly in non-European ancestry groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied genomic structural equation modeling to examine the common and independent genetic architecture among SUDs and psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted in European ancestry (EUR) and African ancestry (AFR) individuals. To characterize the biological and phenotypic associations, we used FUMA, conducted genetic correlations, and performed phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In EUR individuals, transdiagnostic genetic factors represented SUDs, psychotic disorders, and mood/anxiety disorders, with a GWAS identifying 2 novel lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the mood factor. In AFR individuals, genetic factors represented SUDs and psychiatric disorders, and a GWAS identified 1 novel lead SNP for the SUD factor. In EUR individuals, second-order factor models showed phenotypic and genotypic associations with a broad range of physical and mental health traits. Finally, genetic correlations and PheWASs highlighted how common and independent genetic factors for SUDs and psychotic disorders were differentially associated with psychiatric, sociodemographic, and medical phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining transdiagnostic and disorder-level genetic approaches can improve our understanding of co-occurring conditions and increase the specificity of genetic discovery, which is critical for identifying more effective prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kayla Hannon, Ty Easley, Wei Zhang, Daphne Lew, Aristeidis Sotiras, Yvette I Sheline, Andre Marquand, Deanna M Barch, Janine D Bijsterbosch
{"title":"Parsing Clinical and Neurobiological Sources of Heterogeneity in Depression.","authors":"Kayla Hannon, Ty Easley, Wei Zhang, Daphne Lew, Aristeidis Sotiras, Yvette I Sheline, Andre Marquand, Deanna M Barch, Janine D Bijsterbosch","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with depression vary from one another in their clinical and neuroimaging presentation, but the relationship between clinical and neuroimaging sources of variation is poorly understood. Determining sources of heterogeneity in depression is important to gain insights into its diverse and complex neural etiology. In this study, we aimed to test whether depression heterogeneity is characterized by subgroups that differ both clinically and neurobiologically and/or whether multiple neuroimaging profiles give rise to the same clinical presentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized population-based data from the UK Biobank over multiple imaging sites. Clinically dissociated groups were selected to isolate clinical characteristics of depression (symptoms of anhedonia, depressed mood, and somatic disturbance; severity indices of lifetime chronicity and acute impairment; and late onset). Residual neuroimaging heterogeneity within each group was assessed using neuroimaging-driven clustering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinically dissociated subgroups had significantly larger neuroimaging normative deviations than a comparison heterogeneous group and had distinct neuroimaging profiles from each other. Imaging-driven clustering within each clinically dissociated group identified 2 stable subtypes within the acute impairment group that differed significantly in cognitive ability despite identical clinical profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study identified distinct neuroimaging profiles related to particular clinical depression features that may explain inconsistencies in the literature and subclusters within the acute impairment group with cognitive differences that were only differentiable by neuroimaging. Our results provide evidence that multiple neuroimaging profiles may give rise to the same clinical presentation, emphasizing the presence of complex interactions between clinical and neuroimaging sources of heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence Models for Developing Neuroimaging Markers of Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Chadi G Abdallah, David van Dijk","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}