Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Driven Wireless Sensing for Health Management.","authors":"Merih Deniz Toruner, Victoria Shi, John Sollee, Wen-Chi Hsu, Guangdi Yu, Yu-Wei Dai, Christian Merlo, Karthik Suresh, Zhicheng Jiao, Xuyu Wang, Shiwen Mao, Harrison Bai","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030244","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: With technological advancements, the integration of wireless sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential for real-time monitoring and intervention. Wireless sensing devices have been applied to various medical areas for early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment response. This review focuses on the latest advancements in wireless, AI-incorporated methods applied to clinical medicine. (2) Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, IEEEXplore, Embase, and Scopus for articles that describe AI-incorporated wireless sensing devices for clinical applications. We analyzed the strengths and limitations within their respective medical domains, highlighting the value of wireless sensing in precision medicine, and synthesized the literature to provide areas for future work. (3) Results: We identified 10,691 articles and selected 34 that met our inclusion criteria, focusing on real-world validation of wireless sensing. The findings indicate that these technologies demonstrate significant potential in improving diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and disease prevention. Notably, the use of acoustic signals, channel state information, and radar emerged as leading techniques, showing promising results in detecting physiological changes without invasive procedures. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the role of wireless sensing in clinical care and suggests a growing trend towards integrating these technologies into routine healthcare, particularly patient monitoring and diagnostic support.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Performance of a Novel Hyper-Crosslinked Carbohydrate Polymer Bone Graft Substitute for Spinal Fusion.","authors":"Kee D Kim, Cynthia A Batchelder, Plamena Koleva, Arash Ghaffari-Rafi, Tejas Karnati, Dylan Goodrich, Jose Castillo, Charles Lee","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030243","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone graft materials are essential for achieving arthrodesis after spine surgery. Safe bone graft products, with osteoinductive, osteoconductive properties and the ability to monitor fusion in real-time, are highly desirable. A novel hyper-crosslinked carbohydrate polymer (HCCP) bone graft substitute was shown to aid in bone regeneration in critical-size defect studies in a rabbit model. These studies further evaluated the in vivo application of HCCP as a bone graft substitute in an ovine model of spinal fusion and a retrospective study in adult human spine surgery patients. Sheep studies demonstrated the safety and efficacy of HCCP with no evidence of adverse histopathology over 6 months of follow-up. In human studies, patients (N = 63) underwent posterolateral fusion with HCCP, with follow-up to assess fusion success. No adverse reaction related to the HCCP bone graft substitute was identified. Fusion success was noted to be non-inferior to other bone graft substitutes. HCCP appears to be a safe bone void filler adjunct for use in spinal fusion surgery for both trauma and degenerative disease. It has a good degradation profile for forming bone with the ability to provide new vasculature and may also function as a scaffold to carry cells, medications, and growth factors. Given the safety profile experienced in our preclinical and clinical studies, future investigation into its efficacy to achieve solid fusion is currently ongoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplatab: An Automated Machine Learning Framework for Radiomics-Based Bi-Parametric MRI Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Dimitrios I Zaridis, Vasileios C Pezoulas, Eugenia Mylona, Charalampos N Kalantzopoulos, Nikolaos S Tachos, Nikos Tsiknakis, George K Matsopoulos, Daniele Regge, Nikolaos Papanikolaou, Manolis Tsiknakis, Kostas Marias, Dimitrios I Fotiadis","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030242","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis using MRI is often challenged by lesion variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study introduces Simplatab, an open-source automated machine learning (AutoML) framework designed for, but not limited to, automating the entire machine Learning pipeline to facilitate the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) using radiomics features. Unlike existing AutoML tools such as Auto-WEKA, Auto-Sklearn, ML-Plan, ATM, Google AutoML, and TPOT, Simplatab offers a comprehensive, user-friendly framework that integrates data bias detection, feature selection, model training with hyperparameter optimization, explainable AI (XAI) analysis, and post-training model vulnerabilities detection. Simplatab requires no coding expertise, provides detailed performance reports, and includes robust data bias detection, making it particularly suitable for clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evaluated on a large pan-European cohort of 4816 patients from 12 clinical centers, Simplatab supports multiple machine learning algorithms. The most notable features that differentiate Simplatab include ease of use, a user interface accessible to those with no coding experience, comprehensive reporting, XAI integration, and thorough bias assessment, all provided in a human-understandable format.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that Simplatab can significantly enhance the usability, accountability, and explainability of machine learning in clinical settings, thereby increasing trust and accessibility for AI non-experts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Hypertension Risk Prediction Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine.","authors":"Rou You, Qiaoli Tao, Siqi Wang, Lixing Cao, Kexue Zeng, Juncai Lin, Hao Chen","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030238","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a prevalent health issue, especially among the elderly, and is linked to multiple complications. Early and accurate detection is crucial for effective management. Traditional detection methods may be limited in accuracy and efficiency, prompting the exploration of advanced computational techniques. Machine learning algorithms, combined with optimization methods, show potential in enhancing hypertension detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2022, data from 1460 hypertensive and 1416 non-hypertensive individuals aged 65 and above were collected from the Lujingdong Outpatient Department of the Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) models were developed, validated using the holdout method, and evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), accuracy, G-mean, F1 score, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PSO-SVM model outperformed the standard SVM, especially in sensitivity (93.9%), F1 score (0.838), and AUC-ROC (0.871).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PSO-SVM model is effective for complex classifications, particularly in hypertension detection, providing a basis for early diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Conditions for Electrical Tissue Stimulation with Biphasic, Charge-Balanced Impulses.","authors":"Zhengwu Sun, Payel Sen, Jules Hamers, Thomas Seidel, Andreas Dendorfer, Petra Kameritsch","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030234","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cultivation of excitable cells typically profits from continuous electrical stimulation, but electrochemical consequences are mostly harmful and must be minimized. The properties of the electrode materials and stimulation impulses are key. Here, we developed an easy method to analyze the electrochemical impact of biphasic, current-controlled impulses, applied via graphite electrodes, using phenol red as the redox indicator. We also tested the stimulation conditions for the long-term cultivation of myocardial tissue. The colorimetric assay was able to detect ±0.2% deviations in typical positive and negative pulse charges. Phenol red was best preserved (20% degradation over 24 h) by impulses of equivalent positive and negative charges (full charge balance), generated with either manual calibration, capacitive electrode coupling, or feedback regulation of electrode polarization. Feedback regulation established full charge balance at pre-pulse voltages of about 300 mV, but also provided the option to selectively compensate irreversible electrode reactions. Modifications to shape and timing did not affect the electrochemical effects of symmetric impulses. Charge-balanced stimulation maintained more than 80% of the contractility of porcine left ventricular myocardium after 10 days of culture, whereas disbalances of 2-4% provoked weakening and discoloration of the tissues. Active polarization regulation, in contrast to capacitive electrode coupling, reproduced the biological advantages of full charge balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Polyp Segmentation Through U-Net Network.","authors":"Antonella Santone, Mario Cesarelli, Francesco Mercaldo","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030236","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of colorectal polyps through endoscopic colonoscopy is crucial in reducing colorectal cancer mortality. While automated polyp segmentation has been explored to enhance detection accuracy and efficiency, challenges remain in achieving precise boundary delineation, particularly for small or flat polyps. In this work, we propose a novel U-Net-based segmentation framework specifically optimized for real-world endoscopic colonoscopy data. Unlike conventional approaches, our method leverages high-resolution frames with pixel-level ground-truth annotations to achieve superior segmentation performance. The U-Net architecture, with its symmetric encoder-decoder design and skip connections, is further adapted to enhance both high-level contextual understanding and fine-grained detail preservation. Our model has been rigorously evaluated on a real-world dataset, demonstrating state-of-the-art accuracy in polyp boundary segmentation, even in challenging cases. By improving detection consistency and reducing observer variability, our approach provides a robust tool to support gastroenterologists in clinical decision-making. Beyond real-time clinical applications, this work contributes to advancing automated and standardized polyp detection, paving the way for more reliable AI-assisted endoscopic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Growth-Stage Variations in Home Use of Positioning and Mobility Assistive Technology for Children with GMFCS IV Cerebral Palsy: Parental Insights and Challenges.","authors":"Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng, Shun-Yin Hu, Yan-Ying Ju, Yu-Chun Yu","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030241","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines how the use of postural and mobility devices evolves in home environments for children with GMFCS IV cerebral palsy, focusing on parents' perspectives on benefits, outcomes, and challenges. As children grow, changes in muscle strength, motor function, and daily activity demands necessitate adjustments in assistive devices to maintain mobility and postural support. Data from 10 parents, collected through descriptive statistics and qualitative interviews, covered device types, usage patterns, and family impacts across developmental stages from preschool to adulthood. Device needs shift significantly with growth, transitioning from early gait trainers and postural support devices to advanced mobility devices, such as power wheelchairs, which become essential in adulthood. Parents reported positive outcomes, including improved emotional well-being, social participation, and independent mobility, alongside reduced caregiving burdens. However, challenges persist, including financial constraints, frequent device replacements, and limited training for users and caregivers. These insights highlight the need for more adaptable device designs and enhanced family-centered support programs to better assist caregivers in managing device transitions. This study addresses a gap by exploring the real-world outcomes of home-based device use, providing data and parental insights to inform device design, clinical practices, and family-centered support programs. Future research should focus on enhancing device functionality, customization, and accessibility to improve quality of life and promote greater independence for individuals with cerebral palsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Maxillary Sinus Structure Due to Tooth Loss and the Effects of Sex and Aging on CBCT Before Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Cross-Sectional Study of 120 Patients.","authors":"Takumi Itokawa, Kikue Yamaguchi, Kotaro Yagi, Kazuyuki Araki, Daisuke Sato, Motohiro Munakata","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030240","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosthesis for missing maxillary molars with dental implants often requires maxillary sinus augmentation owing to insufficient alveolar bone height. However, the anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus is a significant risk factor. This study used preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to investigate changes in the anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus due to tooth loss and conducted an epidemiological survey of Japanese people to determine the effects of gender and age on these changes. Preoperative CBCT scans were analyzed in patients aged ≥ 50 years with free-end maxillary molar edentulism involving ≥ 2 missing teeth seeking implant treatment. Statistical analyses were performed. One hundred and twenty participants (46 males, 74 females; mean age, 62.1 ± 7.4 years) with 3.0 ± 0.9 missing teeth and an existing bone volume of 6.2 ± 3.1 mm were included. Lateral wall thickness, sinus angle, sinus membrane thickness, maxillary sinus length and width, and the presence of the sinus septa significantly differed between missing and non-missing sides. Maxillary sinus height and sinus membrane thickness on missing side and maxillary sinus height and width on non-missing side varied significantly. Aging was associated with maxillary sinus length and width changes on the non-missing side in males, whereas no age-associated effects were identified in females. To ensure the safe execution of maxillary sinus augmentation, a thorough understanding of maxillary sinus anatomy is crucial prior to surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QRNet: A Quaternion-Based Retinex Framework for Enhanced Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Image Quality.","authors":"Vladimir Frants, Sos Agaian","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030239","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) offers a non-invasive diagnostic alternative for the gastrointestinal tract using a battery-powered capsule. Despite advantages, WCE encounters issues with video quality and diagnostic accuracy, often resulting in missing rates of 1-20%. These challenges stem from weak texture characteristics due to non-Lambertian tissue reflections, uneven illumination, and the necessity of color fidelity. Traditional Retinex-based methods used for image enhancement are suboptimal for endoscopy, as they frequently compromise anatomical detail while distorting color. To address these limitations, we introduce QRNet, a novel quaternion-based Retinex framework. QRNet performs image decomposition into reflectance and illumination components within hypercomplex space, maintaining inter-channel relationships that preserve color fidelity. A quaternion wavelet attention mechanism refines essential features while suppressing noise, balancing enhancement and fidelity through an innovative loss function. Experiments on Kvasir-Capsule and Red Lesion Endoscopy datasets demonstrate notable improvements in metrics such as PSNR (+2.3 dB), SSIM (+0.089), and LPIPS (-0.126). Moreover, lesion segmentation accuracy increases by up to 5%, indicating the framework's potential for improving early-stage lesion detection. Ablation studies highlight the quaternion representation's pivotal role in maintaining color consistency, confirming the promise of this advanced approach for clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased VA-ECMO Pump Speed Reduces Left Atrial Pressure: Insights from a Novel Biventricular Heart Model.","authors":"Anirudhan Kasavaraj, Christian Said, Laurence Antony Boss, Gabriel Matus Vazquez, Michael Stevens, Jacky Jiang, Audrey Adji, Christopher Hayward, Pankaj Jain","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030237","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The effect of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) on left atrial pressure (LAP) in the presence of interventricular interaction and the Frank-Starling mechanism is unknown. We developed and validated a mock circulatory loop (MCL) incorporating a novel, 3D-printed biventricular heart model and Frank-Starling algorithm, and used this model to assess the determinants of LAP during VA-ECMO support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MCL was designed to allow a separate ventricle or biventricular configuration, with or without an active Frank-Starling mechanism. The biventricular model with Frank-Starling mechanism was validated in terms of (1) the presence and degree of ventricular interactions; (2) its ability to simulate Frank-Starling physiology; and (3) its capacity to simulate normal and pathological cardiac states. In the separate ventricle and biventricular with Frank-Starling models, we assessed the effect on LAP of changes in mean aortic pressure (mAoP), ECMO pump speed, LV contractility and ECMO return flow direction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the biventricular configuration, clamping RA inflow decreased RAP, with a concurrent decrease in LAP, consistent with direct ventricular interaction. With a programmed Frank-Starling mechanism, decreasing RAP was associated with a significant reduction in both LV outflow and LV end-systolic pressure. In the biventricular model with a Frank-Starling algorithm, the MCL was able to reproduce pre-defined normal and pathological cardiac output, and arterial and ventricular pressures. Increasing aortic pressure caused a linear increase in LAP in the separate ventricle model, which was attenuated in the biventricular model with Frank-Starling mechanism. Increasing ECMO pump speed caused no change in LAP in the separate ventricle model (<i>p</i> = 0.75), but significantly decreased LAP in the biventricular model with Frank-Starling mechanism (<i>p</i> = 0.039), with stabilization of LAP at the highest pump speeds. Changing the direction of VA-ECMO return flow did not affect LAP in either the separate ventricle (<i>p</i> = 0.91) or biventricular model with Frank-Starling mechanism (<i>p</i> = 0.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interventricular interactions and the Frank-Starling mechanism can be simulated in a physical, biventricular MCL. In their presence, the effects of VA-ECMO on LAP are mitigated, with LAP reduction and stabilization at maximal VA-ECMO speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}