Bioengineering最新文献_第9页

Regulation of Inflammatory Responses by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields. 脉冲电磁场对炎症反应的调节。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050474

Amr Kaadan, Simona Salati, Ruggero Cadossi, Roy Aaron

引用次数: 0

Peptide-Drug Conjugates as Next-Generation Therapeutics: Exploring the Potential and Clinical Progress. 肽-药物偶联物作为下一代治疗手段：探索潜力和临床进展。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050481

Krishna Jadhav, Ashwin Abhang, Eknath B Kole, Dipak Gadade, Apurva Dusane, Aditya Iyer, Ankur Sharma, Saroj Kumar Rout, Amol D Gholap, Jitendra Naik, Rahul K Verma, Satish Rojekar

{"title":"Peptide-Drug Conjugates as Next-Generation Therapeutics: Exploring the Potential and Clinical Progress.","authors":"Krishna Jadhav, Ashwin Abhang, Eknath B Kole, Dipak Gadade, Apurva Dusane, Aditya Iyer, Ankur Sharma, Saroj Kumar Rout, Amol D Gholap, Jitendra Naik, Rahul K Verma, Satish Rojekar","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050481","url":null,"abstract":"Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) have emerged as a next-generation therapeutic platform, combining the target specificity of peptides with the pharmacological potency of small-molecule drugs. As an evolution beyond antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), PDCs offer distinct advantages, including enhanced cellular permeability, improved drug selectivity, and versatile design flexibility. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental components of PDCs, including homing peptide selection, linker engineering, and payload optimization, alongside strategies to address their inherent challenges, such as stability, bioactivity, and clinical translation barriers. Therapeutic applications of PDCs span oncology, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and emerging areas like COVID-19, with several conjugates advancing in clinical trials and achieving regulatory milestones. Innovations, including bicyclic peptides, supramolecular architectures, and novel linker technologies, are explored as promising avenues to enhance PDC design. Additionally, this review examines the clinical trajectory of PDCs, emphasizing their therapeutic potential and highlighting ongoing trials that exemplify their efficacy. By addressing limitations and leveraging emerging advancements, PDCs hold immense promise as targeted therapeutics capable of addressing complex disease states and driving progress in precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cervical Cancer Detection Using Deep Neural Network and Hybrid Waterwheel Plant Optimization Algorithm. 基于深度神经网络和混合水轮厂优化算法的宫颈癌检测。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050478

Sarah A Alzakari, Amel Ali Alhussan, S K Towfek, Marwa Metwally, Dina Ahmed Salem

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Detection Using Deep Neural Network and Hybrid Waterwheel Plant Optimization Algorithm.","authors":"Sarah A Alzakari, Amel Ali Alhussan, S K Towfek, Marwa Metwally, Dina Ahmed Salem","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050478","url":null,"abstract":"More than 85% of the world's cervical cancer fatalities occur in less-developed nations, causing early mortality among women. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the early classification of cervical cancer based on a new feature selection algorithm and classification method. The new feature selection algorithm is based on a hybrid of the Waterwheel Plant Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms, and bWWPAPSO denotes it. Meanwhile, the new classification method is based on optimizing the parameters of a multilayer perceptron neural network (WWPAPSO+MLP). A publicly available dataset is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Due to this dataset's imbalance and missing values, it is preprocessed and balanced using SMOTETomek, where undersampling and oversampling were utilized. The usefulness of class imbalance and feature selection based on the classifier's specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy has been demonstrated by way of a comparative study of the proposed methodology that has been carried out. WWPAPSO+MLP achieves superior performance, with an accuracy of 97.3% and a sensitivity of 98.8%. On the other hand, several statistical tests were conducted, including the Wilcoxon signed rank test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI): Technical Aspects and Applications in Brain MRI for Neurodegenerative Disorders. 敏感性加权成像（SWI）：神经退行性疾病脑MRI的技术方面和应用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050473

Federica Vaccarino, Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi, Marco Parillo

{"title":"Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI): Technical Aspects and Applications in Brain MRI for Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"Federica Vaccarino, Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi, Marco Parillo","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050473","url":null,"abstract":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence sensitive to substances that alter the local magnetic field, such as calcium and iron, allowing phase information to distinguish between them. SWI is a 3D gradient-echo sequence with high spatial resolution that leverages both phase and magnitude effects. The interaction of paramagnetic (such as hemosiderin and deoxyhemoglobin), diamagnetic (including calcifications and minerals), and ferromagnetic substances with the local magnetic field distorts it, leading to signal changes. Neurodegenerative diseases are typically characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and their supporting cells within the neurovascular unit. This cellular decline is associated with a corresponding deterioration of both cognitive and motor abilities. Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with increased iron accumulation or microhemorrhages in various brain regions, making SWI a valuable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Suggestive SWI findings are known in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, atypical parkinsonian syndromes, multiple sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary ataxias, Huntington's disease, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This review will assist radiologists in understanding the technical framework of SWI sequences for a correct interpretation of currently established MRI findings and for its potential future clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Gas Fermentation Efficiency via Bioaugmentation with Megasphaera sueciensis and Clostridium carboxidivorans. 水巨藻和碳梭菌生物增菌法提高气体发酵效率。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050470

Clemens Hiebl, Dominik Pinner, Hannes Konegger, Franziska Steger, Dina Mohamed, Werner Fuchs

{"title":"Enhancing Gas Fermentation Efficiency via Bioaugmentation with Megasphaera sueciensis and Clostridium carboxidivorans.","authors":"Clemens Hiebl, Dominik Pinner, Hannes Konegger, Franziska Steger, Dina Mohamed, Werner Fuchs","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050470","url":null,"abstract":"Gas fermentation aims to fix CO2 into higher-value compounds, such as short or medium-chain fatty acids or alcohols. In this context, the use of mixed microbial consortia presents numerous advantages, including increased resilience and adaptability. The current study aimed to improve the performance of an enriched mixed microbial population via bioaugmentation with Megasphaera sueciensis and Clostridium carboxidivorans to improve the metabolite spectrum. The initial fermentation in trickle-bed reactors mainly yielded acetate, a low-value compound. Introducing M. sueciensis, which converts acetate into higher-chain fatty acids, shifted production toward butyrate (up to 3.2 g/L) and caproate (1.1 g/L). The presence of M. sueciensis was maintained even after several media swaps, showing its ability to establish itself as a permanent part of the microbial community. Metataxonomic analysis confirmed the successful integration of M. sueciensis into the mixed culture, with it becoming a dominant member of the Veillonellaceae family. In contrast, bioaugmentation with C. carboxidivorans was unsuccessful. Although this strain is known for producing alcohols, such as butanol and hexanol, it did not significantly enhance alcohol production, as attempts to establish it within the microbial consortium were unsuccessful. Despite these mixed results, bioaugmentation with complementary microbial capabilities remains a promising strategy to improve gas fermentation efficiency. This approach may enhance the economic feasibility of industrial-scale renewable chemical production.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological Approaches to Understanding Brain-Muscle Interactions During Gait: A Systematic Review. 电生理学方法在步态中理解脑-肌肉相互作用：系统回顾。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050471

Maura Seynaeve, Dante Mantini, Toon T de Beukelaar

{"title":"Electrophysiological Approaches to Understanding Brain-Muscle Interactions During Gait: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maura Seynaeve, Dante Mantini, Toon T de Beukelaar","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050471","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically reviews the role of the cortex in gait control by analyzing connectivity between electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals, i.e., neuromuscular connectivity (NMC) during walking. We aim to answer the following questions: (i) Is there significant NMC during gait in a healthy population? (ii) Is NMC modulated by gait task specifications (e.g., speed, surface, and additional task demands)? (iii) Is NMC altered in the elderly or a population affected by a neuromuscular or neurologic disorder? Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of seven scientific databases was conducted up to September 2023. Out of 1308 identified papers, 27 studies met the eligibility criteria. Despite large variability in methodology, significant NMC was detected in most of the studies. NMC was able to discriminate between a healthy population and a population affected by a neuromuscular or neurologic disorder. Tasks requiring higher sensorimotor control resulted in an elevated level of NMC. While NMC holds promise as a metric for advancing our comprehension of brain-muscle interactions during gait, aligning methodologies across studies is imperative. Analysis of NMC provides valuable insights for the understanding of neural control of movement and development of gait retraining programs and contributes to advancements in neurotechnology.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacteriophages as Targeted Therapeutic Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities. 噬菌体作为靶向治疗载体：挑战与机遇。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050469

Srividhya Venkataraman, Mehdi Shahgolzari, Afagh Yavari, Kathleen Hefferon

{"title":"Bacteriophages as Targeted Therapeutic Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities.","authors":"Srividhya Venkataraman, Mehdi Shahgolzari, Afagh Yavari, Kathleen Hefferon","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050469","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriophages, with their distinctive ability to selectively target host bacteria, stand out as a compelling tool in the realm of drug and gene delivery. Their assembly from proteins and nucleic acids, coupled with their modifiable and biologically unique properties, enables them to serve as efficient and safe delivery systems. Unlike conventional nanocarriers, which face limitations such as non-specific targeting, cytotoxicity, and reduced transfection efficiency in vivo, engineered phages exhibit promising potential to overcome these hurdles and improve delivery outcomes. This review highlights the potential of bacteriophage-based systems as innovative and efficient systems for delivering therapeutic agents. It explores strategies for engineering bacteriophage, categorizes the principal types of phages employed for drug and gene delivery, and evaluates their applications in disease therapy. It provides intriguing details of the use of natural and engineered phages in the therapy of diseases such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections, veterinary diseases, and neurological disorders, as well as the use of phage display technology in generating monoclonal antibodies against various human diseases. Additionally, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in generating genetically engineered phages is elucidated. Furthermore, it provides a critical analysis of the challenges and limitations associated with phage-based delivery systems, offering insights for overcoming these obstacles. By showcasing the advancements in phage engineering and their integration into nanotechnology, this study underscores the potential of bacteriophage-based delivery systems to revolutionize therapeutic approaches and inspire future innovations in medicine.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced and Interpretable Prediction of Multiple Cancer Types Using a Stacking Ensemble Approach with SHAP Analysis. 基于SHAP分析的叠加集成方法对多种癌症类型的增强和可解释预测。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050472

Shahid Mohammad Ganie, Pijush Kanti Dutta Pramanik, Zhongming Zhao

{"title":"Enhanced and Interpretable Prediction of Multiple Cancer Types Using a Stacking Ensemble Approach with SHAP Analysis.","authors":"Shahid Mohammad Ganie, Pijush Kanti Dutta Pramanik, Zhongming Zhao","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050472","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop and evaluate ensemble learning models, specifically stacking, for the accurate prediction of lung, breast, and cervical cancers using lifestyle and clinical data. Methods: 12 base learners were trained on datasets for lung, breast, and cervical cancer. Stacking ensemble models were then developed using these base learners. The models were evaluated for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC-ROC, MCC, and kappa. An explainable AI technique, SHAP, was used to interpret model predictions. Results: The stacking ensemble model outperformed individual base learners across all three cancer types. On average, for three cancer datasets, it achieved 99.28% accuracy, 99.55% precision, 97.56% recall, and 98.49% F1-score. A similar high performance was observed in terms of AUC, Kappa, and MCC. The SHAP analysis revealed the most influential features for each cancer type, e.g., fatigue and alcohol consumption for lung cancer, worst concave points, mean concave points, and worst perimeter for breast cancer and Schiller test for cervical cancer. Conclusions: The stacking-based multi-cancer prediction model demonstrated superior accuracy and interpretability compared with traditional models. Combining diverse base learners with explainable AI offers predictive power and transparency in clinical applications. Key demographic and clinical features driving cancer risk were also identified. Further research should validate the model on more diverse populations and cancer types.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for the Detection of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures. 非移位股骨颈骨折检测的深度学习系统的开发和验证。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050466

Lianxin Wang, Ce Zhang, Yaozong Wang, Xin Yue, Yunbang Liang, Naikun Sun

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for the Detection of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures.","authors":"Lianxin Wang, Ce Zhang, Yaozong Wang, Xin Yue, Yunbang Liang, Naikun Sun","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050466","url":null,"abstract":"Hip fractures pose a significant challenge to healthcare systems due to their high costs and associated mortality rates, with femoral neck fractures accounting for nearly half of all hip fractures. This study addresses the challenge of diagnosing nondisplaced femoral neck fractures, which are often difficult to detect with standard radiographs, especially in elderly patients. This research evaluates a deep learning model that employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) within a ResNet framework, designed to enhance diagnostic accuracy for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures. The model was trained and validated on a dataset of 2032 hip radiographs from two hospitals, with additional external validation performed on datasets from other institutions. The AI model achieved an accuracy of 94.8% and an Area Under Curve of 0.991 on anteroposterior pelvic/hip radiographs, outperforming emergency physicians and delivering results comparable to expert physicians. External validation confirmed the model's robust accuracy and generalizability across diverse datasets. This study underscores the potential of deep learning models to act as a supplementary tool in clinical settings, potentially reducing diagnostic errors and improving patient outcomes by facilitating a quicker diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Method and Set of Parameters for Evaluating the Cushioning Effect of Shoe Heels, Revealing the Inadvertent Design of Running Shoes. 一种评价鞋跟缓冲效果的新方法和参数集，揭示跑鞋的无意设计。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12050467

Franz Konstantin Fuss, Tizian Scharl, Niko Nagengast

{"title":"A New Method and Set of Parameters for Evaluating the Cushioning Effect of Shoe Heels, Revealing the Inadvertent Design of Running Shoes.","authors":"Franz Konstantin Fuss, Tizian Scharl, Niko Nagengast","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12050467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050467","url":null,"abstract":"According to standards, the heel soles of running shoes are currently tested with an energy absorption of 5 J. This study offers an alternative method to improve the measurement of cushioning properties. The new method uses the ratio of absorbed energy to applied force and determines the maximum of this ratio (optimum or shoulder point) and the associated optimal force, energy, and displacement. This method was applied to 112 shoe models using compression testing. The method was found to be insensitive to strain rates and identified shoes that were over-, well-, or under-designed (running before, at, or after the shoulder point, respectively) relative to the range of the first ground reaction force peak (0.700-2 kN). The optimum ratio was between 0.6 J/kN (barefoot shoes) and 11.2 J/kN (Puma RuleBreaker), the optimal energy was between 0.5 and 40.6 J, the optimal force was between 0.1 and 4.6 kN, and the optimal displacement was between 3 and 23 mm. Participants ran at or near the shoulder point (within the design forgiveness range) unless they were too heavy and ran at their preferred running speed. This study proposes replacing current standards with the new method, allowing consumers to make informed decisions regarding injury prevention while running.","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0