BiomicrofluidicsPub Date : 2024-09-23eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1063/5.0220840
Junyoung Kim, Jooyoung Ro, Yoon-Kyoung Cho
{"title":"Vascularized platforms for investigating cell communication via extracellular vesicles.","authors":"Junyoung Kim, Jooyoung Ro, Yoon-Kyoung Cho","doi":"10.1063/5.0220840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vascular network plays an essential role in the maintenance of all organs in the body via the regulated delivery of oxygen and nutrients, as well as tissue communication via the transfer of various biological signaling molecules. It also serves as a route for drug administration and affects pharmacokinetics. Due to this importance, engineers have sought to create physiologically relevant and reproducible vascular systems in tissue, considering cell-cell and extracellular matrix interaction with structural and physical conditions in the microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important carriers for transferring proteins and genetic material between cells and organs, as well as for drug delivery. Vascularized platforms can be an ideal system for studying interactions between blood vessels and EVs, which are crucial for understanding EV-mediated substance transfer in various biological situations. This review summarizes recent advances in vascularized platforms, standard and microfluidic-based techniques for EV isolation and characterization, and studies of EVs in vascularized platforms. It provides insights into EV-related (patho)physiological regulations and facilitates the development of EV-based therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomicrofluidicsPub Date : 2024-09-23eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1063/5.0215567
Junyi Yang, Peichun Amy Tsai
{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Microfluidic supercritical <ns0:math> <ns0:msub><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>CO</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow> <ns0:mn>2</ns0:mn></ns0:msub> </ns0:math> applications: Solvent extraction, nanoparticle synthesis, and chemical reaction.","authors":"Junyi Yang, Peichun Amy Tsai","doi":"10.1063/5.0215567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supercritical <math> <msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> , known for its non-toxic, non-flammable and abundant properties, is well-perceived as a green alternative to hazardous organic solvents. It has attracted considerable interest in food, pharmaceuticals, chromatography, and catalysis fields. When supercritical <math> <msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> is integrated into microfluidic systems, it offers several advantages compared to conventional macro-scale supercritical reactors. These include optical transparency, small volume, rapid reaction, and precise manipulation of fluids, making microfluidics a versatile tool for process optimization and fundamental studies of extraction and reaction kinetics in supercritical <math> <msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> applications. Moreover, the small length scale of microfluidics allows for the production of uniform nanoparticles with reduced particle size, beneficial for nanomaterial synthesis. In this perspective, we review microfluidic investigations involving supercritical <math> <msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> , with a particular focus on three primary applications, namely, solvent extraction, nanoparticle synthesis, and chemical reactions. We provide a summary of the experimental innovations, key mechanisms, and principle findings from these microfluidic studies, aiming to spark further interest. Finally, we conclude this review with some discussion on the future perspectives in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomicrofluidicsPub Date : 2024-09-23eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1063/5.0215930
Nima Norouzy, Alireza Zabihihesari, Pouya Rezai
{"title":"Simultaneous high-throughput particle-bacteria separation and solution exchange via in-plane and out-of-plane parallelization of microfluidic centrifuges.","authors":"Nima Norouzy, Alireza Zabihihesari, Pouya Rezai","doi":"10.1063/5.0215930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inertial microfluidic devices have gained attention for point-of-need (PoN) sample preparation. Yet, devices capable of simultaneous particle-bacteria solution exchange and separation are low in throughput, hindering their applicability to PoN settings. This paper introduces a microfluidic centrifuge for high-throughput solution exchange and separation of microparticles, addressing the need for processing large sample volumes at elevated flow rates. The device integrates Dean flow recirculation and inertial focusing of microparticles within 24 curved microchannels assembled in a three-layer configuration via in-plane and out-of-plane parallelization. We studied solution exchange and particle migration using singleplex and duplex samples across devices with varying curve numbers (2-curve, 8-curve, and 24-curve). Processing 5 and 10 <i>μ</i>m microparticles at flow rates up to 16.8 ml/min achieved a solution exchange efficiency of 96.69%. In singleplex solutions, 10 and 5 <i>μ</i>m particles selectively migrated to inner and outer outlets, demonstrating separation efficiencies of 99.7% and 90.3%, respectively. With duplex samples, sample purity was measured to be 93.4% and 98.6% for 10 and 5 <i>μ</i>m particles collected from the inner and the outer outlets, respectively. Application of our device in biological assays was shown by performing duplex experiments where 10 <i>μ</i>m particles were isolated from <i>Salmonella</i> bacterial suspension with purity of 97.8% while increasing the state-of-the-art particle solution exchange and separation throughput by 16 folds. This parallelization enabled desirable combinations of high throughput, low-cost, and scalability, without compromising efficiency and purity, paving the way for sample preparation at the PoN in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lazar Milić, Nor Syafirah Zambry, Fatimah Binti Ibrahim, Bojan Petrović, Sanja Kojić, Aung Thiha, Karunan Joseph, Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin, Goran M. Stojanović
{"title":"Advances in textile-based microfluidics for biomolecule sensing","authors":"Lazar Milić, Nor Syafirah Zambry, Fatimah Binti Ibrahim, Bojan Petrović, Sanja Kojić, Aung Thiha, Karunan Joseph, Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin, Goran M. Stojanović","doi":"10.1063/5.0222244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222244","url":null,"abstract":"Textile-based microfluidic biosensors represent an innovative fusion of various multidisciplinary fields, including bioelectronics, material sciences, and microfluidics. Their potential in biomedicine is significant as they leverage textiles to achieve high demands of biocompatibility with the human body and conform to the irregular surfaces of the body. In the field of microfluidics, fabric coated with hydrophobic materials serves as channels through which liquids are transferred in precise amounts to the sensing element, which in this case is a biosensor. This paper presents a condensed overview of the current developments in textile-based microfluidics and biosensors in biomedical applications over the past 20 years (2005–2024). A literature search was performed using the Scopus database. The fabrication techniques and materials used are discussed in this paper, as these will be key in various modifications and advancements in textile-based microfluidics. Furthermore, we also address the gaps in the application of textile-based microfluidic analytical devices in biomedicine and discuss the potential solutions. Advances in textile-based microfluidics are enabled by various printing and fabric manufacturing techniques, such as screen printing, embroidery, and weaving. Integration of these devices into everyday clothing holds promise for future vital sign monitoring, such as glucose, albumin, lactate, and ion levels, as well as early detection of hereditary diseases through gene detection. Although most testing currently takes place in a laboratory or controlled environment, this field is rapidly evolving and pushing the boundaries of biomedicine, improving the quality of human life.","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric K. Marecki, Kwang W. Oh, Paul R. Knight, Bruce A. Davidson
{"title":"Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle fabrication, functionalization, and biological considerations for drug delivery","authors":"Eric K. Marecki, Kwang W. Oh, Paul R. Knight, Bruce A. Davidson","doi":"10.1063/5.0201465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201465","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles can be used for drug delivery and consist of many sizes and chemical compositions. They can accommodate a diverse population of drugs and can be made to target specific areas of the body. Fabrication methods generally follow either top-down or bottom-up manufacturing techniques, which have differing production controls, which determine nanoparticle characteristics including but not limited to size and encapsulation efficiency. Functionalizing these nanoparticles is done to add drugs, prevent aggregation, add positive charge, add targeting, etc. As the nanoparticles reach the target cells, cellular uptake occurs, drug is released, and the nanoparticle is broken down. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have often been used for drug delivery applications as they have shown minimal toxicity, which has helped with US FDA approval. This review breaks down PLGA nanoparticle fabrication, functionalization, and biological considerations.","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insights into the fluid dynamics of bioaerosol formation in a model respiratory tract","authors":"Sudipta Saha, Manish Kumar Manna, Aranyak Chakravarty, Sourav Sarkar, Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Swarnendu Sen","doi":"10.1063/5.0219332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219332","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaerosols produced within the respiratory system play an important role in respiratory disease transmission. These include infectious diseases such as common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among several others. It is, therefore, of immense interest to understand how bioaerosols are produced within the respiratory system. This has not been extensively investigated. The present study computationally investigates how bioaerosols are produced in a model respiratory tract due to hydrodynamic interactions between breathed air and a thin mucus layer, which lines the inner surface of the tract. It is observed that Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is established in the thin mucus layer due to associated fluid dynamics. This induces interfacial surface waves which fragment forming bioaerosols under certain conditions. A regime map is created—based on pertinent dimensionless parameters—to enable identification of such conditions. Analysis indicates that bioaerosols may be produced even under normal breathing conditions, contrary to expectations, depending on mucus rheology and thickness of the mucus layer. This is possible during medical conditions as well as during some treatment protocols. However, such bioaerosols are observed to be larger (∼O(100)μm) and are produced in less numbers (∼100), as compared to those produced under coughing conditions. Treatment protocols and therapeutic strategies may be suitably devised based on these findings.","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily J. Jones, Benjamin M. Skinner, Aimee Parker, Lydia R. Baldwin, John Greenman, Simon R. Carding, Simon G. P. Funnell
{"title":"An in vitro multi-organ microphysiological system (MPS) to investigate the gut-to-brain translocation of neurotoxins","authors":"Emily J. Jones, Benjamin M. Skinner, Aimee Parker, Lydia R. Baldwin, John Greenman, Simon R. Carding, Simon G. P. Funnell","doi":"10.1063/5.0200459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200459","url":null,"abstract":"The death of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra in the base of the brain is a defining pathological feature in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is, however, a multi-systemic disease, also affecting the peripheral nervous system and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that interact via the gut–brain axis (GBA). Our dual-flow GIT–brain microphysiological system (MPS) was modified to investigate the gut-to-brain translocation of the neurotoxin trigger of PD, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and its impact on key GIT and brain cells that contribute to the GBA. The modular GIT–brain MPS in combination with quantitative and morphometric image analysis methods reproduces cell specific neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic cytotoxicity and mitochondria-toxicity with the drug having no detrimental impact on the viability or integrity of cellular membranes of GIT-derived colonic epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate the utility and capability of the GIT-brain MPS for measuring neuronal responses and its suitability for identifying compounds or molecules produced in the GIT that can exacerbate or protect against neuronal inflammation and cell death.","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vidisha Singh Rathaur, Nachiket Aashish Gokhale, Siddhartha Panda
{"title":"pH effects on capture efficiency and deposition patterns in sessile droplet immunoassays: An XDLVO analysis","authors":"Vidisha Singh Rathaur, Nachiket Aashish Gokhale, Siddhartha Panda","doi":"10.1063/5.0219301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219301","url":null,"abstract":"Immunosensors are crucial for various applications, with capture efficiency and detection time as key performance parameters. Sessile droplets on functionalized substrates have demonstrated potential as micro-reactors for antibody–antigen binding, reducing detection time and analyte volume due to the presence of convective currents. Tuning the surface charges by adjusting buffer pH can modulate antigen capture efficiency. While the impact of pH has been studied on antibody–antigen binding in flow and non-flow systems, the use of sessile droplets and the specific impact of buffer pH on the capture efficiency of surface-functionalized antibodies remains understudied. Understanding how pH affects capture and deposition patterns is vital for optimizing immunosensor design. Additionally, the mechanisms governing internal flow within the droplet and dominant driving forces require further investigation. We investigated the effect of varying buffer pH on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) capture by anti-PSA functionalized polydimethylsiloxane substrates. Capture efficiency was measured using the Brown–Anson model applied to cyclic voltammetry, validated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. pH significantly influenced PSA capture by surface-immobilized anti-PSA IgG. The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory explained the interplay between pH and internal flow. Micro-particle image velocimetry (PIV) confirmed internal flow, primarily driven by Marangoni flow from solute concentration gradients. Controlling buffer pH in biosensors offers higher capture efficiency and desired deposition patterns. These insights advance immunosensor design and hold potential for biomedical and diagnostic applications.","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A traveling surface acoustic wave-based micropiezoactuator: A tool for additive- and label-free cell lysis","authors":"Sushama Agarwalla, Sunil Kumar Singh, Suhanya Duraiswamy","doi":"10.1063/5.0209663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209663","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a traveling surface acoustic wave (TSAW)-based microfluidic method for cell lysis that enables lysis of any biological entity, without the need for additional additives. Lysis of cells in the sample solution flowing through a poly (dimethyl siloxane) microchannel is enabled by the interaction of cells with TSAWs propagated from gold interdigitated transducers (IDTs) patterned onto a LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate, onto which the microchannel was also bonded. Numerical simulations to determine the wave propagation intensities with varying parameters including IDT design, supply voltage, and distance of the channel from the IDT were performed. Experiments were then used to validate the simulations and the best lysis parameters were used to maximize the nucleic acid/protein extraction efficiency (&gt;95%) within few seconds. A comparative analysis of our method with traditional chemical, physical and thermal, as well as the current microfluidic methods for lysis demonstrates the superiority of our method. Our lysis strategy can hence be used independently and/or integrated with other nucleic acid-based technologies or point-of-care devices for the lysis of any pathogen (Gram positives and negatives), eukaryotic cells, and tissues at low voltage (3 V) and frequency (33.17 MHz), without the use of amplifiers.","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A flexible strategy to fabricate trumpet-shaped porous PDMS membranes for organ-on-chip application.","authors":"Yingying Xie, Yaqiong Guo, Fuwei Xie, Yan Dong, Xiaoqing Zhang, Xiang Li, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0227148","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0227148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane is a crucial element in organs-on-chips fabrication, supplying a unique substrate that can be used for the generation of tissue-tissue interfaces, separate co-culture, biomimetic stretch application, etc. However, the existing methods of through-hole PDMS membrane production are largely limited by labor-consuming processes and/or expensive equipment. Here, we propose an accessible and low-cost strategy to fabricate through-hole PDMS membranes with good controllability, which is performed via combining wet-etching and spin-coating processes. The porous membrane is obtained by spin-coating OS-20 diluted PDMS on an etched glass template with a columnar array structure. The pore size and thickness of the PDMS membrane can be adjusted flexibly via optimizing the template structure and spinning speed. In particular, compared to the traditional vertical through-hole structure of porous membranes, the membranes prepared by this method feature a trumpet-shaped structure, which allows for the generation of some unique bionic structures on organs-on-chips. When the trumpet-shape faces upward, the endothelium spreads at the bottom of the porous membrane, and intestinal cells form a villous structure, achieving the same effect as traditional methods. Conversely, when the trumpet-shape faces downward, intestinal cells spontaneously form a crypt-like structure, which is challenging to achieve with other methods. The proposed approach is simple, flexible with good reproducibility, and low-cost, which provides a new way to facilitate the building of multifunctional organ-on-chip systems and accelerate their translational applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}