From specialization to broad adoption: Key trends in droplet microfluidic innovations enhancing accessibility to non-experts.

Abstract

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a versatile and powerful tool for various analytical applications, including single-cell studies, synthetic biology, directed evolution, and diagnostics. Initially, access to droplet microfluidics was predominantly limited to specialized technology labs. However, the landscape is shifting with the increasing availability of commercialized droplet manipulation technologies, thereby expanding its use to non-specialized labs. Although these commercial solutions offer robust platforms, their adaptability is often constrained compared to in-house developed devices. Consequently, both within the industry and academia, significant efforts are being made to further enhance the robustness and automation of droplet-based platforms, not only to facilitate technology transfer to non-expert laboratories but also to reduce experimental failures. This Perspective article provides an overview of recent advancements aimed at increasing the robustness and accessibility of systems enabling complex droplet manipulations. The discussion encompasses diverse aspects such as droplet generation, reagent addition, splitting, washing, incubation, sorting, and dispensing. Moreover, alternative techniques like double emulsions and hydrogel capsules, minimizing or eliminating the need for microfluidic operations by the end user, are explored. These developments are foreseen to facilitate the integration of intricate droplet manipulations by non-expert users in their workflows, thereby fostering broader and faster adoption across scientific domains.