Nicholas J Pazos, Colette M Sullivan, James Thornham, Lea Nienhaus, Michael G Roper
{"title":"Time resolved luminescence of millisecond lifetime dyes in droplet microfluidic systems.","authors":"Nicholas J Pazos, Colette M Sullivan, James Thornham, Lea Nienhaus, Michael G Roper","doi":"10.1063/5.0319286","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0319286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-resolved luminescence enables high sensitivity measurements and determination of radiative lifetimes for a number of applications. The combination of time-resolved luminescence with droplet microfluidic systems creates a powerful combination of high sensitivity detection and multiplexing capabilities with high throughput sampling. This study introduces a platform for time resolved luminescence detection from a millisecond lifetime dye, CoraFluor-1-PFP (CRF-1), in microfluidic systems to further increase multiplexing applications. Optimized excitation and emission parameters was a 50 Hz (60% duty cycle) excitation cycle using a 340 nm LED combined with an 8 ms emission window. Using these parameters, the lifetime of CRF-1 was found to be 2.9 ms. These parameters were applied to a droplet microfluidic system where aqueous CRF-1 was dispersed into a fluorinated oil carrier phase. Droplet frequencies of 0.15, 0.85, and 1.85 Hz were evaluated by summation of the photon counts from each LED excitation cycle, revealing the droplet dynamics. Using this excitation and emission scheme, droplet rise times as short as 60 ms could be determined, indicating that even more rapid droplet frequencies are feasible. This platform advances time resolved luminescence assays toward automated and high-throughput analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomicrofluidicsPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-04-23DOI: 10.1063/5.0306055
Caroline Ferguson, Mei Shao, Yan Li, Yi Zhang, Xueju Wang
{"title":"Recent advances in microfluidics and bioelectronics for three-dimensional organoid interfaces.","authors":"Caroline Ferguson, Mei Shao, Yan Li, Yi Zhang, Xueju Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0306055","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0306055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organoids offer a promising alternative in biomedical research and clinical medicine, with better feature recapitulation than 2D cultures. They also have more consistent responses with clinical results when compared to animal models. However, major challenges exist in the longevity of culture, the reproducibility of organoid properties, and the development of non-disruptive monitoring methods. Recent advances in materials and microfabrication methods, such as 3D printing and compressive buckling, have enabled three-dimensional (3D) interfaces of microfluidics and bioelectronics to manipulate and monitor these biological models in exciting ways. These advanced systems have great potential for applications in drug delivery, personalized medicine, and disease modeling. We conclude with important future considerations to generate longevity using further technological development in organoid and spheroid models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomicrofluidicsPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-04-17DOI: 10.1063/5.0321277
Niphattha Wongwiset, Morgan L Stephens, Blanca I Quiñones-Díaz, Aryan Mehboudi, Lydia M Contreras, S V Sreenivasan
{"title":"Parallelized contactless microfluidic dispenser with superhydrophobic nozzles for scalable combinatorial screening.","authors":"Niphattha Wongwiset, Morgan L Stephens, Blanca I Quiñones-Díaz, Aryan Mehboudi, Lydia M Contreras, S V Sreenivasan","doi":"10.1063/5.0321277","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0321277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While high-throughput combinatorial sample generation plays a critical role in drug discovery and cell-based assays, standard methods have encountered challenges of time or cost-effectiveness when using manual preparation or serial-dispensing liquid handlers. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel parallel combinatorial microfluidic (PCM) system that applies the design of hydraulic-resistance networks to simultaneously generate a prespecified combinatorial map. Unlike conventional serial dispensing, PCM devices integrated superhydrophobic outlets for parallel contactless dispensing, thereby minimizing contamination, reducing processing time, and ensuring an identical reaction time across all samples. Regardless of the number of target samples, the PCM system demonstrated rapid operation by completing all processes within 5 minutes. Devices fabricated for multiple combinatorial maps validated the PCM design principle and high-throughput scalability by reliably producing the predefined maps with droplet sizes of 3.5 <i>μL</i>. A proof-of-concept study of antibiotic cell assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the system and its ability to produce results comparable to those of standard methods, as demonstrated by good overlapping ranges of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (<i>IC</i> <sub>50</sub>). This work establishes a novel, cost-effective, high-throughput technology for combinatorial screenings in drug development with future improvements targeting sub-3.5 <i>μL</i> to enhance accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microfluidics and nanofluidics in India - some recent advancements and futuristic perspective.","authors":"Ashis Kumar Sen, Debjani Paul, Suman Chakraborty","doi":"10.1063/5.0279173","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0279173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"19 4","pages":"040403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12221346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehraneh Tavakkoli Gilavan, Shadi Shahriari, P Ravi Selvaganapathy
{"title":"Point of care sepsis diagnosis: Exploring microfluidic techniques for sample preparation, biomarker isolation, and detection.","authors":"Mehraneh Tavakkoli Gilavan, Shadi Shahriari, P Ravi Selvaganapathy","doi":"10.1063/5.0248096","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0248096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the third international consensus definition (sepsis-3), sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from an uncontrolled host response to infection. Sepsis remains a leading cause of global mortality, largely due to the difficulty of achieving a timely diagnosis. The conventional diagnostic approaches for sepsis often face limitations in speed, portability, sensitivity, and specificity, which can lead to delayed or missed diagnoses. In response, microfluidic devices have emerged as powerful tools for point-of-care precise sample handling and preparation, enabling efficient isolation and detection of sepsis-causing bacteria and biomarkers. Fabrication techniques of these microfluidic devices, ranging from photolithography to xurography, have significantly advanced and paved the way for complex designs and improved functionality. Microfluidic platforms offer various benefits in sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. They facilitate rapid and automated sample processing, enhancing turnaround times and reducing the risk of contamination. Moreover, the integration of microfluidic systems with advanced detection methods enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and prognostic capabilities. This review explores the evolution of sepsis diagnosis from traditional lab based methods to the use of microfluidic technology that can facilitate point of care diagnostics and discusses emerging trends in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"19 4","pages":"041502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12221350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiguang Su, Yang Zhao, Siegfried Yeboah, Xinyu Li, Li Wang
{"title":"Numerical models for organ-on-a-chip: A systematic review and analyses.","authors":"Weiguang Su, Yang Zhao, Siegfried Yeboah, Xinyu Li, Li Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0260477","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0260477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) are considered key tools for life science, medicine, and pharmaceutical research and can provide great insights into pathophysiologies of human organs. However, experimental studies of OoCs are commonly limited by their reliable geometrical design, realistic experimental parameter settings, biosensor measurement positions, and the rarity of cells available for particular diseases. In this paper, a review of 124 research articles published between 2000 and 2024 on OoCs and various numerical models applicable to them have been carried out. This article systematically reviews the development and application of mathematical models for the simulation of various OoCs for organs such as the gut, liver, and heart. The review also covered the evaluation of the accuracies of the momentum transport, mass transfer, and energy transfer in the mathematical models applicable to various OoCs. Analysis of the theoretical and experimental results from the reviewed articles on optimization of the OoC structure and parameter settings have also been carried out. From the review, numerical simulations were found to show great potential for optimizing the OoC structure, help minimize experimental times, provide good prediction of the experimental results, as well as offer insights into the interaction between different OoC types. Overall, this review establishes a theoretical foundation for the future organ-on-a-chip design, beneficial for biological experiments, as well as drug performance analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"19 4","pages":"041501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12221349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive dynamics of drug-mediated zebrafish under sound stimuli in a microfluidic environment.","authors":"Prashant Kishor Sharma, Dineshkumar Loganathan, Ming-Lung Chen, Yueh-Hsun Lu, Pu-Hsiang Wang, Chia-Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0270298","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0270298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Larval zebrafish are an appropriate animal and laboratory model for exploring the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive abilities, especially concerning their applicability to human cognition. To replicate the natural habitats of such organisms at the laboratory level, microfluidic platforms are employed as a valuable tool in mimicking the intricate spatiotemporal stimuli together with high-throughput screening. This work investigated the memory capabilities of zebrafish larvae across different developmental stages (5-9 days post-fertilization) by employing sound stimuli within the microfluidic environment. Notably, the sound signal with 1200 Hz frequency was observed to be significantly sensitive among all the considered developmental stages in stimulating the responses. In addition, the impact of the memory enhancer drug methylene blue (MB) was tested, revealing a significant enhancement in cognitive performance compared to controls. Specifically, learning (training) and memory (post-training) were observed to exhibit 2-fold and 20-fold increases, respectively, in MB-exposed larvae. In addition to sound stimuli and memory enhancer drugs, the impact of environmental complexity on cognitive abilities was examined by employing different designs of microchannels, such as series, parallel, and combined configurations. The presented experimental paradigm provides a robust framework for various zebrafish studies, including sensory processing mechanisms, learning capabilities, and potential therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"19 3","pages":"034105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomicrofluidicsPub Date : 2025-06-04eCollection Date: 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1063/5.0261531
Mushtaq Ali, Woohyuk Kim, Muhammad Soban Khan, Mehmet Akif Sahin, Ghulam Destgeer, Jinsoo Park
{"title":"Droplet acoustofluidics: Recent progress and challenges.","authors":"Mushtaq Ali, Woohyuk Kim, Muhammad Soban Khan, Mehmet Akif Sahin, Ghulam Destgeer, Jinsoo Park","doi":"10.1063/5.0261531","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0261531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acoustofluidics, offering contact-free and precise manipulation of micro-objects, has emerged as a transformative tool for various biological and medical applications. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in droplet manipulation using acoustic waves. This review provides an in-depth exploration of acoustofluidic techniques for droplet manipulation, presenting a balanced perspective on the role of this versatile platform across diverse applications. The paper begins by introducing the underlying mechanism of acoustic forces acting on the droplets, followed by a comprehensive discussion of acoustofluidic techniques tailored for essential unit operations, such as droplet generation, separation, merging, splitting, steering, trapping, in-droplet sample manipulation, sample control within sessile droplets, and digital acoustofluidics. Finally, the prospects and limitations of acoustofluidics for droplet manipulations are also discussed, suggesting the future direction of droplet acoustofluidics research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8855,"journal":{"name":"Biomicrofluidics","volume":"19 3","pages":"031502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}