Psycho-social medicine最新文献

{"title":"Typological and dimensional approach at comparing the Giessen Test (GT) with the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI).","authors":"Marcus Roth,&nbsp;Annett Körner,&nbsp;Philipp Yorck Herzberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article reports comparisons of the Giessen Test (GT) with the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI) based on a dimensional as well as on a typological approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected from 1673 subjects (aged between 18 and 96 years) constituting a representative sample of the German population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate only moderate agreement (ranging from .25 to .61) between the subscales of the two personality inventories. The correspondence seems to be somewhat higher, when the typological approach was used instead of the dimensional approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The typological approach is less dependent on the underlying questionnaires and provides a useful extension of the dimensional approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"Doc06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/ab/PSM-05-06.PMC2736511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical and licit drug use in an urban/rural study population with a refugee background, 7-8 years into resettlement.","authors":"Karin Johansson Blight,&nbsp;Jan-Olov Persson,&nbsp;Solvig Ekblad,&nbsp;Jan Ekberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research into medical and licit drug use in resettled refugee populations is scarce, despite the fact that mental health status often has been found to be poorer than in general populations. Hence the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-rated use of medicine and licit drugs among adults who came to Sweden from Bosnia-Herzegovina (1993/94) and who in 2001 were living in either an urban (low employment context) or a rural (high employment context) region (n=4185).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prevalence was estimated from a cross-sectional questionnaire distributed to a representative sample (n=650) in 2001 (63.5% response rate).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population estimates of usage of sedatives (26.5%), sleeping tablets (26.2%) and antidepressants (22.3%) did not differ by gender but did so by region, with a higher urban prevalence. The consumption of alcohol (5.1%) and cigarettes (41.0%) did not differ by region but men reported higher alcohol consumption than women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high consumption of medicine (compared with general populations) raises the question of treatment efficiency and the need for public health attention and evaluation many years after resettlement. Factors to consider for further research with analytic prerequisites concern indications that regional differences may be influenced, not only by urban employment being lower but also by urban/rural differences in prescription rates and/or access to health care; moreover, there might have been a selection to the urban region of older people, with a more vulnerable family situation, and/or poorer mental health. Finally, the overall alcohol (low) and cigarettes (high) consumption in the study population followed prevalence patterns found in Bosnia-Herzegovina rather than in Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"Doc04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/0e/PSM-05-04.PMC2736521.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term course of psychiatric disorders in cancer patients: a pilot study.","authors":"Holger Bringmann,&nbsp;Susanne Singer,&nbsp;Michael Höckel,&nbsp;Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg,&nbsp;Oliver Krauß,&nbsp;Reinhold Schwarz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>About one third of cancer patients suffer from a psychiatric disorder. However, only few studies feature long-term assessment of psychiatric disease in cancer patients, covering a broad range of diagnoses, and employing high-quality instruments.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 62 patients underwent assessments during a 3-year follow-up period after initial cancer diagnosis. The Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was administered to measure psychiatric morbidity at baseline (t₁) and two follow-ups (t₂ and t₃). Follow-up assessments took place from 6 to 18 months (t₂) and from 24 to 36 months (t₃) after baseline. Biomedical and psychosocial factors were evaluated to identify predictors of psychiatric disorders using univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At t₁, at least one DSM-IV diagnosis was found in 29% of the cases. At follow-ups, the frequency of psychiatric morbidity increased to 36% at t₂ and 44% at t₃, respectively. New occurrence of psychiatric disease at follow-ups was 18% at t₂, and 38%, at t₃. Predictors of psychiatric disorders were low social support, low physical functioning, metastases, complications of disease, and loss of sportive activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistence and amount of newly diagnosed psychiatric disorders during three years after cancer treatment should be considered in the treatment of cancer patients, especially in individuals with accordant predictive factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"Doc03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/be/PSM-05-03.PMC2736520.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial determinants for frequent primary health care utilisation in patients with heart failure.","authors":"Martin Scherer,&nbsp;Wolfgang Himmel,&nbsp;Michael M Kochen,&nbsp;Janka Koschack,&nbsp;Dirk Ahrens,&nbsp;Jean-Francois Chenot,&nbsp;Anne Simmenroth-Nayda,&nbsp;Christoph Herrmann-Lingen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychosocial symptoms are common in patients with heart failure. Little research, however, has been done to determine which psychosocial factors influence primary care patients' consultation frequency in the case of heart failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 310 primary care patients with heart failure by analysing electronic patient records. At baseline, psychological distress (anxiety and depression; HADS), disease coping (FKV), negative affectivity and social inhibition (DS-14), disease-specific quality of life (MLHFQ) and social support (F-SozU) were measured by validated questionnaires. Severity of heart failure (according to NYHA-classification and Goldman's Specific Activity Scale) and sociodemographic characteristics were documented by self-report instruments. Nine month later, patients were contacted by telephone in order to assess GP consultation frequency. Logistic regression was done to determine whether these psychological, medical and sociodemographic factors were associated with primary care utilisation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, patients consulted their general practitioner (GP) 8.2 times during nine months. Female subjects and patients with higher levels of perceived heart failure severity, physical problems and anxiety or depression as well as those living alone visited their GP significantly more often. In multivariate analysis, frequent attendance in general practices was predicted by physical problems and living alone. These factors explained 11.6% of the variance of frequent attendance in general practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychosocial factors of help-seeking behaviour in heart failure patients focus on mental and physical discomfort and a lonely home situation. These factors might need to be compensated by GP consultation. GPs should address the rearrangement of physical, mental, and social resources to strengthen self-reliance of patients with heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"Doc02"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/c4/PSM-05-02.PMC2736514.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and development of multiprofessional teams in medical rehabilitation.","authors":"Mirjam Körner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Team analysis and team development are important instruments of organizational development and quality management. They contribute to team optimization in medical rehabilitation. Team analysis allows assessment of strengths and weaknesses of teams, resulting in possible recommendations for team development. So far there are only a few empirical studies and little practical experience analyzing multiprofessional teams in the health care field and inpatient medical rehabilitation in particular. This article presents team analyses performed on twelve multiprofessional medical rehabilitation teams in Germany and corresponding recommendations for team development. A heuristic model of team analysis and team development was designed for this purpose. The model comprises the following parameters: input (team structure), process (teamwork) and output (team success). Variables to measure these parameters were derived from team performance models and known weaknesses of teams in medical care. Team analyses were conducted by administering a semi-standardized interview form and a short questionnaire to the head physicians of participating clinics while a survey was administered to all members of the rehabilitation team. The results of the team analyses suggested the use of team development measures on each team. The teams were classified into three categories by their need for team development (low, medium and high). Furthermore five modules of team development could be generated from the results of the team analyses: (1) executive coaching, (2) communication training, (3) changing attitude towards teamwork, (4) task-oriented team development, and (5) training on socio-integrative aspects of teamwork. Some of these modules are important constituents of quality management programs. Team development can facilitate quality management programs, particularly with regard to process and output relating to leadership and staff. The study shows, that there is a basic, yet variable need of team analysis and team development in the medical rehabilitation facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/e7/PSM-05-01.PMC2736513.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living with a partner and health care use - results from the MONICA survey Augsburg in Southern Germany.","authors":"Carola A Huber,&nbsp;Sebastian E Baumeister,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Ladwig,&nbsp;Andreas Mielck","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Several studies have shown that social relationships are associated with health care use. This study aims to test if and to which extent a proximal element of social relationships, particularly living together with a partner, influences the health care utilisation in the same way as a distal element such as group membership.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the basis of a representative random sample of a southern German population (4856 participants), the associations were assessed between the following groups of variables: number of consultations with the general practitioner or internists, type of social relationships (living with a partner, friends, relatives, group memberships), need (evaluated and perceived health status), socio-demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All analyses showed associations between living with a partner and health care utilisation. Individuals living with a partner had lower levels of utilisation than individuals not living with a partner (mean: 4.3 vs. 5.2). These associations persisted after controlling for socio-demographic and need variables. For the other indicators of social relationships, though, there were no significant associations with outpatient visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinguishing between different types of social relationships is important for disentangling the overall effects of social relationships on health care utilisation. Also, the empirical findings confirm that health care research should not be restricted to medical variables, but should also include psycho-social factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/ee/PSM-04-13.PMC2736524.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide attempts and retrospective reports about parent-child relationships: evidence for the affectionless control hypothesis.","authors":"J Hardt,&nbsp;U T Egle,&nbsp;J G Johnson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the characteristics of recalled parent-child relationships in suicide attempters vs. non-attempters</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 509 patients - 249 presenting with pain at a psychosomatic clinic and 260 from the offices of general practitioners - were interviewed retrospectively about suicide attempts and parent-child relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall rate of those reporting a suicide attempt was 17%. Bivariate analyses showed associations of poor parent-child relationships with suicide attempts throughout. In a multivariate analysis, the combinations high maternal control*low perceived love (p<.001) and high control*high role reversal (p=.002) were associated with particularly elevated risks for suicide attempts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Beside the two most extensively explored dimensions of parent-child relationships, parental affection and control, one other dimension, role reversal, also contributes strongly to risk for offspring suicide attempts and should be considered in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/14/PSM-04-12.PMC2736528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic instruments for behavioural addiction: an overview.","authors":"Ulrike Albrecht,&nbsp;Nina Ellen Kirschner,&nbsp;Sabine M Grüsser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In non-substance-related addiction, the so-called behavioural addiction, no external psychotropic substances are consumed. The psychotropic effect consists of the body's own biochemical processes induced only by excessive activities. Until recently, knowledge was limited with respect to clinically relevant excessive reward-seeking behaviour, such as pathological gambling, excessive shopping and working which meet diagnostic criteria of dependent behaviour. To date, there is no consistent concept for diagnosis and treatment of excessive reward-seeking behaviour, and its classification is uncertain. Therefore, a clear conceptualization of the so-called behavioural addictions is of great importance. The use of adequate diagnostic instruments is necessary for successful therapeutical implications.This article provides an overview of the current popular diagnostic instruments assessing the different forms of behavioural addiction. Especially in certain areas there are only few valid and reliable instruments available to assess excessive rewarding behaviours that fulfill the criteria of addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/b6/PSM-04-11.PMC2736529.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness: psychometric evaluation of the AEQ-G18 in a representative German survey.","authors":"Cornelia Albani, Gerd Blaser, Joachim Völker, Michael Geyer, Gabriele Schmutzer, Harald Bailer, Norbert Grulke, Elmar Brähler, Harald C Traue","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study evaluates a questionnaire on ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, the AEQ-G18 [1], [2], with regard to its statistical parameters, the influence of socio-demographic variables, and its interrelationship with depression and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A representative German sample (1009 participants from East Germany and 1034 participants from West Germany) completed the AEQ-G18 [1], [2], the depression screener DEP-2 [3], the Profile of Mood States POMS [4], the revised Beck Depression Inventory BDI [5], the short form of the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 [6] and the SF-36 health survey questionnaire [7].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study was only partially able to confirm the two factors effect ambivalence and competence ambivalence postulated by Traue et al. [1], [2]. Women scored somewhat higher on the scale effect ambivalence. Participants with a higher educational background exhibited less emotional ambivalence. Emotional ambivalence correlated positively with depression and reduced psychological state of health (depression, fatigue, and anger), whereas it correlated negatively with health-related quality of life and positive attitude (vigor). In addition to the scales of the AEQ-G18, we developed a short form, the AEQ-G10, and provide normative data for the AEQ-G18 and the AEQ-G10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents normative data for two variations of a clinically relevant, valid, and time-efficient diagnostic instrument used for the evaluation of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, the AEQ-G18 and its short form, the AEQ-G10.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/2b/PSM-04-10.PMC2736527.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MATRIX - development and feasibility of a guide for quality assessment of patient decision aids.","authors":"Matthias Lenz,&nbsp;Jürgen Kasper","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision aids (DAs) are interventions designed to help people make specific and deliberative choices among options by providing information about the options and outcomes that is relevant to a person's health status.There is an ongoing discussion about the quality of DAs. The present article provides an overview on systematic approaches using various quality criteria. However, these evaluation guides are not yet implemented. Up to now quality assessment of DAs is often limited to the evidence on efficacy through controlled trials using single-outcome measures. Since DAs are multi-component interventions, single-outcome trials are not sufficient for complete quality assessment. Consideration of theoretical founding and the development process is required. In an earlier paper we proposed a novel concept of quality to meet this challenge. We introduced MATRIX a guide for quality assessment of DAs aimed at disclosing the rationale behind underpinning theories, methods, and goals of a DA. The present paper reports how the development of MATRIX progressed including results of pre-testing and a feasibility study. We present the revised version of MATRIX, explain its basic concept, and describe the way to use it.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc09"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/5c/PSM-04-09.PMC2736522.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}