Psycho-social medicine最新文献

{"title":"Measuring subjective health in children and adolescents: results of the European KIDSCREEN/DISABKIDS Project.","authors":"Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer,&nbsp;Silke Schmidt,&nbsp;Angela Gosch,&nbsp;Michael Erhart,&nbsp;Corinna Petersen,&nbsp;Monika Bullinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Currently there is a lack of information regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of healthy as well as chronically ill children on a European level. In 2 European projects questionnaires for the assessment of the HRQoL in children and adolescents have been developed: The KIDSCREEN project aims at a co-operative European development of a standardised screening instrument for children's HRQoL for the implementation in representative national and European health surveys. In the DISABKIDS project a chronic-generic questionnaire as well as modules for specific conditions (e.g. asthma) were developed for children with chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Both projects shared similar steps: 1. Development phase, in which the items were generated and tested, 2. Survey and Field phase, in which the modified questionnaires were tested with healthy and chronically ill children and adolescents in national representative surveys, and 3. Implementation phase in national health surveys or clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the sister projects, the KIDSCREEN instrument was tested in 22,830 children and the DISABKIDS instrument in 1605 chronically ill children. The current paper describes the development and pilot-testing as well as psychometric results of the field tests of both studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The KIDSCREEN/DISABKIDS instruments make it possible to assess generic, chronic-generic and disease-specific aspects of quality of life in children and present an innovative approach to intercultural HRQoL assessment in health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc08"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/0c/PSM-04-08.PMC2736532.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acquiescence effect in responding to a questionnaire.","authors":"Andreas Hinz,&nbsp;Dominik Michalski,&nbsp;Reinhold Schwarz,&nbsp;Philipp Yorck Herzberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since the acquiescence effect can distort assessments, it is important to test techniques to quantify this effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The tendency of acquiescence is tested by means of a questionnaire. 2037 representatively selected subjects filled in the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), which consists of five subscales with positively and negatively formulated items. For each subject and for each subscale an acquiescence score was calculated based on the simple sum of the answers to the items of both orientations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extreme acquiescence scores were rare (about 0.5%). All correlations between the acquiescence scores of the subscales were positive with mean values of 0.24, which indicates a certain degree of individual consistency in the acquiescence behavior. In the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses the polarity of the items was at least as meaningful as the contents of the subscales. Persons with high degrees of acquiescence were principally older and more depressed. By means of Rasch scaling procedures differences in threshold parameters for the response categories between positively and negatively oriented items were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The acquiescence scores derived by simple addition of item values proved to be well suited to clarify amount and conditions of the acquiescence effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc07"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/9a/PSM-04-07.PMC2736523.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of mood at workplace - psychometric analyses of the revised Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire.","authors":"Matthias Morfeld,&nbsp;Corinna Petersen,&nbsp;Anja Krüger-Bödeker,&nbsp;Sylvia von Mackensen,&nbsp;Monika Bullinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the Profile of Mood States (POMS), a German version of an international instrument for the assessment of mood is available. The paper introduces a new short version containing 24 items and four scales. In a study about indoor climate in 4596 office workers only a few missing values were noted. Psychometric analyses showed very good characteristics of the four scales regarding their internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and scale fit. High floor effects indicated a limited exhaustion of the scale range. Age and gender effects of the scale scores concerned the scales \"vigour\" and \"fatigue\". Furthermore, the scales of the POMS discriminated between groups with different self-reported disease incidences. A less beneficial characteristic of the POMS could be noted in terms of a high correlation of the scales \"numbness\" and \"fatigue\". With the tested version of the POMS, a short instrument with good psychometric properties has been presented which can be assessed in healthy as well as in health-impaired persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/21/PSM-04-06.PMC2736534.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hope as an emotion of expectancy: first assessment results.","authors":"Marcus Roth,&nbsp;Philipp Hammelstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Theoretical background: </strong>Based on deficiencies of present conceptions of hope, an appraisal model is proposed as an alternative approach, in which hope is defined as the expectancy that a possible event, which a person rates positively, will occur in the future. The event depends both on situational and internal factors. This model differentiates between a subjective probability of occurrence and a subjective probability of affiliation. The first refers to a person's estimation of the probability that a positive event can occur in general (e.g. the chances of recovering from a life-threatening illness); the second refers to the estimated probability that he/she belongs to those, for which the positive outcome is likely.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present contribution is a first validation of the appraisal model of hope.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On a sample of prisoners (N=172) the degree of hope never to be incarcerated again after serving the present sentence was tested. Furthermore, personality dimensions, psychological distress, perceived social support and features of childhood delinquency were assessed using questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, the results indicate that both probability-estimations are largely independent of each other and were predicted by different factors (such as duration of arrest, anxiety, social support, or childhood delinquency).</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/ee/PSM-04-05.PMC2736531.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived self-competence and relationship experiences in inpatient psychotherapy - a pilot study.","authors":"Isa Sammet,&nbsp;Steffen Häfner,&nbsp;Eric Leibing,&nbsp;Tim Lüneburg,&nbsp;Henning Schauenburg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The patient's sense of capability in mastering future challenges (\"self-competence\") represents an important therapeutic target. To date, empirical findings concerning the influence of the therapeutic relationship on perceived self-competence remain scarce. Against this backdrop, mutual associations between perceived self-competence, symptom distress and various relationship experiences within inpatient psychotherapy are investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>219 inpatients with heterogeneous diagnoses completed the SCL-90-R, the Relationship Questionnaire RQ1 and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems IIP prior to therapy. Self-competence and relationships to the individual therapist, therapeutic team and fellow patients were assessed weekly using an inpatient questionnaire (SEB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, there were significant negative correlations between self-competence and symptom distress. Patients with more \"fearfully avoidant\" behavior upon admission experienced relationships during therapy as significantly more negative. Conversely, the quality of relationships to the individual therapist and fellow patients was predictive of a significant part of variance in self-competence upon discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A model of mutual interactions is proposed for the variables under investigation. RESULTS suggest that the positive association between the therapeutic relationship and symptom reduction could partly be explained by an improvement in perceived self-competence.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/00/PSM-04-04.PMC2736530.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence in psychosomatic patients - a contribution to construct validation.","authors":"Nina Zirke,&nbsp;Gabriele Schmid,&nbsp;B Mazurek,&nbsp;Burghard F Klapp,&nbsp;Martina Rauchfuss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the present study is to contribute towards the validation of the SOC (Sense of Coherence) construct on the basis of data from psychosomatic patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included a total of 1403 patients treated as out-patients or in consultations in the Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine at the Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, between July 2002 and October 2005. Correlations were tested between the sense of coherence (SOC-L9), sociodemographic variables and the following psychometric instruments: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Brief COPE, Questionnaire on Self-Efficacy, Optimism and Pessimism (SWOP-K9) and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Associations were found between sense of coherence and age, but not with gender. In addition, high sense of coherence was correlated with high self-efficacy, optimism, subjective physical well-being and favourable coping strategies as well as with low perceived stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results contribute to the validation of the SOC construct. Future investigations should include longitudinal studies of the precise association between sense of coherence and other psychological variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/99/PSM-04-03.PMC2736525.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A German version of the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200) for the dimensional assessment of personality disorders.","authors":"Anke Höflich, Marcus Rasting, Jens Mach, Silke Pless, Simon Danckworth, Christian Reimer, Manfred E Beutel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Theoretical background: </strong>The traditional diagnosis of personality disorders has been criticized for lack of empirical support, reliance on categorical classifications and low validity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A German version of the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200) is presented. This Q-Sort procedure is well-established in the USA and facilitates the dimensional diagnosis of personality pathology in accordance with DSM-IV. In addition, a taxonomy of personality has been derived using factor analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SWAP-200 was applied to 18 patients on the basis of semi-structured interviews. Interviewer ratings were correlated with the SWAP-200 completed by an independent observer and the patients' therapists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Good inter-rater reliability (between r=.69 and r=.76) was found. While average convergent validity coefficients between interviewer, observer and therapist were satisfactory (between r=.54 and r=.68), outliers were observed. RESULTS suggest that the factor analytically derived taxonomy may be more valid.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc02"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ee/fc/PSM-04-02.PMC2736526.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) - the first trial of a German version.","authors":"Hendrik Berth,&nbsp;Katja Petrowski,&nbsp;Friedrich Balck","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preoperative anxiety influences the result of the treatment in patients. To assess preoperative anxiety the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) [1] was developed. The APAIS measures anxiety and the need-for-information with 6 items, with good reliability and validity. This article presents the first test of the German version of this screening instrument.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The German version of the APAIS was tested on 68 patients questioned before surgery on the lower extremities in the Orthopaedic Department of a University Hospital. From 68 patients, 47 (69%) were female and the average age was 55 years. Besides the APAIS, several additional questionnaires with similar or divergent content were administered for testing the convergent and discriminant validity of the APAIS (HADS, SCL-9-K, KASA, COSS, STOA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two scales anxiety and need-for-information could be replicated by a factor analysis and had high reliability (anxiety: Cronbachs Alpha = 0.92; need-for-information: Cronbachs Alpha = 0.86). As expected the scales of the APAIS correlated highly with different standard questionnaires which measure anxiety (KASA, STOA) and low with questionnaires of divergent contents (HADS depression, COSS). The APAIS-scales are independent of sex, age or previous surgeries. Patients with a higher need-for-information show higher anxiety (r=0.59) prior to surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During its first trial the German version of the APAIS proved to be a reliable and valid instrument. Furthermore, it is a good screening instrument to assess preoperative anxiety and need-for-information in clinical practice, especially due to its brevity. In further studies the predictive validity has to be examined in large heterogeneous samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/98/6d/PSM-04-01.PMC2736533.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-related quality of life instruments and individual diagnosis - a new area of application.","authors":"Michael Erhart,&nbsp;Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Various health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments for children and adolescents have been developed and are applied in clinical and health economic studies with the research focus on the HRQoL of specific groups of responders, comparing these groups respectively. However, if HRQoL assessment aims to contribute on deciding upon a suitable individual treatment and the evaluation thereof, as well as to identify hidden morbidities, an individual diagnostic perspective is required.To date, the majority of HRQoL questionnaires for children and adolescents are not designed for individual diagnostic assessment and comparison. This paper aims to demonstrate that should a particular measurement tool meet specific psychometric requirements - an individual diagnostic assessment on mental health related problems is possible. We investigated whether or not the KIDSCREEN-27 HRQoL instrument for children and adolescents is able to detect mental health problems in general, provided we apply a principal component analysis (PCA) for summative scaling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional survey of the KIDSCREEN project was carried out in 13 European countries (AT, CH, CZ, DE, EL, ES, FR, HU, IE, NL, PL, SE, UK). The Rasch-scaled KIDSCREEN-27 test-data of 22,830 children and adolescents were analysed. To achieve a summative scaling PCA was performed on the correlation between the KIDSCREEN-27 scores. The principal component (PC) values were estimated and used to score the respondents. The reliability and diagnostic quality of this scoring was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first PC accounted for 58.28% of the entire variance within the KIDSCREEN-27 scores. All KIDSCREEN scales loaded high on the first PC. The reliability of the linear combination of KIDSCREEN-27 scores with the PC-values was rr=.94 and thus above the threshold for individual comparison. This value was higher than the values for the original single KIDSCREEN-27 scores (rr=.78-.84). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated whilst screening for respondents with a mental health problem in general (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). The area under the ROC (AuC) was .80 and statistically significant lower than the AuC issued after a logistic regression analysis employing the 5 original KIDSCREEN-27 scores (AuC=.83). However, according to international conventions, both AuCs denote a \"good\" discrimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specifically for the KIDSCREEN-27 the results show that the application of a specific scoring algorithm leads to fulfil pre-specified demands of high reliability. The applied scoring approach leads to a good discrimination of the measurement, thus enabling to detect a mental health problem in general using the HRQoL test-data. The presented approach can enhance the usability and range of application of HRQoL measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/e7/PSM-03-12.PMC2736504.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for affective and anxiety disorders in medical patients - comparison of HADS, GHQ-12 and Brief-PHQ.","authors":"Daniela Hahn,&nbsp;Katrin Reuter,&nbsp;Martin Härter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The detection of patients with comorbid mental disorders is of high clinical importance. Screening instruments can be recommended for early recognition. This study investigates the discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Patient Health Questionnaire (Brief-PHQ-D) in chronically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and four patients with chronic illness participated in a two-stage survey. First patients were screened with HADS, Brief-PHQ and GHQ-12 and then examined for mental disorders by clinical standardized interview (M-CIDI). Validity of the three instruments was compared using ROC(receiver operating characteristics)-analysis and CIDI-diagnoses as criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Brief-PHQ and the HADS performed better than GHQ-12 concerning affective and anxiety disorders without reaching significance. Even though the Brief-PHQ performs significantly better in the category of \"any mental disorder\", the differences between the Brief-PHQ and the HADS remain not significant considering anxiety and affective disorders. The Brief-PHQ performed slightly better considering depressive disorders with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.844, a sensitivity of 80% and a specifity of 75.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screener can be used for the detection of mental disorders in patients with chronical illness. Especially the Brief-PHQ and the HADS can be recommended considering sensitivity and specifity. An advantage of the Brief-PHQ is the ability of categorial and dimensional analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc09"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/02/PSM-03-09.PMC2736509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}