Psycho-social medicine最新文献

{"title":"Worrying about one's job, family, financial situation and health - results of a population-representative study.","authors":"Norbert Grulke,&nbsp;Harald Bailer,&nbsp;Gerd Blaser,&nbsp;Michael Geyer,&nbsp;Gabriele Schmutzer,&nbsp;Elmar Brähler,&nbsp;Cornelia Albani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Worrying about one's job, family, financial situation and health is distressing. How intense are these worries in the general population?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An inquiry representative of the German population (N=2473, age>14 years) was performed. The total score of the \"Questionnaire for Assessing Subjective Physical Well-Being\" (FEW) and the screening scale of the \"Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress\" (TICS) were correlated with the four above mentioned items addressing worries (range 1-4).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Worries about one's financial situation were scored highest (mean=2.04, SD=0.92), followed by worries about one's health (mean=1.94; SD=0.87), one's family (mean=1.85; SD=0.86) and worries about one's job (mean=1.69; SD=0.92). Health worries increased with age. Those without a job and single parents showed the highest grades of solicitude. Increasing income decreased worrying. The correlations with chronic stress were moderate (.24<r<.33). The most significant correlation could be found between worries about one's health and the total score of the FEW (r=-.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The general population's concerns are relatively low. Using normative data, people can be screened for psychosocial distress and possibly referred to a relevant form of psychosocial support.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d8/a3/PSM-03-11.PMC2736501.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic instruments.","authors":"Philipp Yorck Herzberg,&nbsp;Elmar Brähler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc08"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/2b/PSM-03-08.PMC2736506.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperament and personality: the German version of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ).","authors":"Jörg Wiltink,&nbsp;Ute Vogelsang,&nbsp;Manfred E Beutel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychobiological orientation inherent in temperament concepts permits a close tie between temperament and the rapidly proliferating research areas of neurosciences and behavioural genetics. Based on developmental and psychobiological studies, the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) by Rothbart measures self-regulatory processes in addition to constitutionally based individual reactivity. The purpose of this paper is to validate a German version of the short form of the ATQ with 77 items. 213 psychosomatic inpatients and outpatients and 116 control subjects took part in this study. The study included standardized measures of personality and symptoms. The German version reliably measures the four dimensions negative affect, extraversion, orienting sensitivity and effortful control; subscales were moderately correlated. We found a consistent pattern of correlation to personality (NEO-FFI) and interpersonal problems (IIP), negative affect strongly correlated with neuroticism; effortful control correlated with conscientiousness, orienting sensitivity with openness, and extraversion correlated with the corresponding scale of the NEO-FFI. According to our hypothesis, negative affect was positively correlated with higher distress and physical complaints, while effortful control was negatively correlated with them. When negative affect and effortful control were combined, effortful control had a moderating effect on distress. Clinical and non-clinical samples differed significantly on all dimensions; the ATQ appears to be suitable for differentiating subgroups of patients according to self-regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/b7/PSM-03-10.PMC2736500.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do patient characteristics predict outcome in the outpatient treatment of chronic tinnitus?","authors":"Birgit Kröner-Herwig,&nbsp;Claudia Zachriat,&nbsp;Doreen Weigand","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various patient characteristics were assessed before offering a treatment to reduce tinnitus related distress to 57 individuals suffering from chronic idiopathic tinnitus. Patients were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral tinnitus coping training (TCT) and a habituation-based training (HT) modelled after Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) as conceived by Jastreboff. Both trainings were conducted in groups. It was hypothesized that comorbidity regarding mental disorders or psychopathological symptoms (DSM-IV diagnoses, SCL-90R score) and a high level of dysfunctional cognitions relating to tinnitus would have a negative effect on therapy outcome while both trainings proved to be highly efficacious for the average patient. Also further patient features (assessed at baseline) were explored as potential predictors of outcome. None of the hypotheses was corroborated by the data. On the contrary, a higher number of diagnoses was associated with better outcome (statistical trend) and a higher extent of annoyance and interference led to a larger positive change in patients if treated by TCT. No predictor could be identified for long-term success (follow-up ≥18 months) except regarding education. The higher the educational level, the larger was the improvement in HT patients. It is concluded that therapy outcome of TCT and HT can not reliably be predicted by patient characteristics and that early variables of the therapeutic process should be analysed as potentially predicting subsequent therapeutic outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc07"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/b0/PSM-03-07.PMC2736505.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health effects of expressive writing on stressful or traumatic experiences - a meta-analysis.","authors":"Carolin Mogk,&nbsp;Sebastian Otte,&nbsp;Bettina Reinhold-Hurley,&nbsp;Birgit Kröner-Herwig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In his theory of emotional inhibition Pennebaker [44] proclaimed that the disclosure of stressful or traumatic experiences reduces the probability of detrimental health effects. In his experimental paradigm disclosure was induced by asking the participants to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings relating to a stressful event during 3 to 4 writing sessions of 15 to 20 minutes. Based on a meta-analysis of 13 studies Smyth [58] reported an average effect size of d=0.47 for various health related variables. Considering the great number of studies published since then, the aim of our study was to update the state of evidence regarding the effects of expressive writing on health, including only randomized controlled trials in our analysis. From 42 trials fulfilling the inclusion criteria 30 could be used for the meta-analysis. Neither regarding somatic nor psychological health variables significant effect sizes were found. Various exploratory analyses (e.g. restriction to clinical samples) also resulted in non-significant effect sizes, except for one rendering a very small effect size. Results of our meta-analysis lead to the conclusion that expressive writing has minor or no effects on the subject's health contrary to earlier findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/db/PSM-03-06.PMC2736499.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring psychological stress and strain at work - Evaluation of the COPSOQ Questionnaire in Germany.","authors":"Matthias Nübling,&nbsp;Ulrich Stößel,&nbsp;Hans-Martin Hasselhorn,&nbsp;Martina Michaelis,&nbsp;Friedrich Hofmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The undisputed increase of the relevance of mental work load is confronted with a lack of qualified or at least well documented measuring instruments covering all important aspects.The COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), a comprehensive instrument for the assessment of psychosocial factors at work, was tested in a partly modified version in a large German sample (N = 2561 employees). The aims of the study were the detailed investigation of the psychometric measurement properties, and based on these results, the development of an abbreviated version of the instrument.The analysis of objectivity, acceptance, practicability, sensitivity and content validity of the questionnaire as a whole did not show any problematic results - with some limitations regarding the length of the questionnaire.The assessment of the reliability, generalisability, construct validity, criterion validity and diagnostic power of the single scales showed medium to good measuring qualities for the majority of the scales (i.e. Cronbach's alpha mostly >0.7). In addition, the psychometric properties were very similar to those in the Danish COPSOQ-study.Considering all aspects of the measurement quality, a shortened version of the instrument was created. It attempts to combine measuring qualities as high as possible with a number of questions as low as possible.The German COPSOQ questionnaire is a free screening-instrument for the recording of psychosocial work load and strain for all enterprises and organisations interested. The next step is the construction of a \"job exposure matrix\" for psychosocial factors at work, that means a central database with work load profiles and reference values for as many occupational groups as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/e1/PSM-03-05.PMC2736502.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental adjustment to cancer and survival of patients admitted for allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation - a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Norbert Grulke,&nbsp;Harald Bailer,&nbsp;Wolfgang Larbig,&nbsp;Horst Kächele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC scale) has evolved to a standard measure in the field of psycho-oncology. In this context an attitude called \"fighting spirit\" gained much attention as a coping style. Some reports suggest that coping efforts as measured by the MAC scale are predictive for survival of breast cancer patients. We explored the predictive power of the MAC scale by using a sample of patients with haematological malignancies undergoing allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 9/1999 and 12/2001 127 patients were administered the MAC scale prior to HSCT. Follow-up data of overall survival and event-free survival were obtained in December 2003 and analyzed using Cox-regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the time of the follow-up, 68 patients had died (overall survival), 75 patients had experienced a relapse or had died (event-free survival). We failed to find significant results for the MAC subscales with and without adjustment for prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the special situation of patients facing HSCT the MAC scale seems not to be of predictive value. In general, with respect to survival the empirical evidence is not very convincing.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/9d/PSM-03-04.PMC2736503.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28468985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do patients think after a lung transplantation about their self, lung and social network? A quantitative analysis of categorical interview data.","authors":"Lutz Goetzmann, Karin S Moser, Esther Vetsch, Richard Klaghofer, Rahel Naef, Erich W Russi, Claus Buddeberg, Annette Boehler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychosocial aspects have been investigated in transplant medicine mainly by the means of various structured questionnaires. To date only few interview data are available on patients thoughts about their self, the transplanted lung or the medication, and the relationship between these thoughts and compliance or gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty patients were interviewed after transplantation about their perceptions on self, body, transplanted lung, medication and social network. Their compliance was rated by the attending physicians. The overall interrater-reliability for the category groups was Kappa=.8. The article presents quantitative results of the content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statements were made most frequently about the patients' social network and their self, and significantly less frequently about their body, lung and medication. \"Closeness\", \"distance\" and \"depression\" where main issues that these patients were dealing with. \"Closeness\" and \"distance\" played major roles in interpersonal relationships as well as in the relationship to the new lung. Depression mainly had to do with health burdens and the psychosocial consequences of the transplantation (e.g. financial worries). Women made significantly more statements about their social network than men; furthermore they formulate more accented emotional evaluations. Patients with low compliance were more frequently preoccupied with their self, their body as well as the experience of \"dependence\" and \"achievement\" than patients with high compliance; also low compliant patients made more critical statements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For lung transplant recipients social relationships are the prime topic of their daily experience. With respect to compliance behaviour, special attention should be paid to the patients' self and body perception as well as to their experience of dependence. These results should be confirmed in studies with larger sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/f0/PSM-03-03.PMC2736508.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective health in older people.","authors":"Thomas Gunzelmann,&nbsp;Andreas Hinz,&nbsp;Elmar Brähler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP [1]) is a widely used instrument to measure subjective health in clinical research. However, there are no age-specific norms for older adults in Germany. The present study was conducted to analyze the psychometric properties of the German version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) in older people. Age-specific reference values for the elderly are presented. Subjects were drawn from the general population of older German people aged 61 to 95 years (n=630; mean age 69.5 years; 55.7% female). Five of the six NHP scales revealed a good internal consistency (.70≤α≤.92). The subscales (with the exception of the subscale social isolation) showed moderate relations with instruments measuring somatization disorders and subjective body complaints (Screening for Somatoform Disorders SOMS [2]); Giessen Subjective Complaints List GBB-24 [3]). Compared to younger subjects, subjective health decreases with age. Therefore age-specific reference data for older people are necessary. Differential reference data are reported for four age groups above 60 years of age and for male and female older people. The outcome confirms that the NHP is a reliable, valid instrument to measure subjective health in older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc02"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8f/8c/PSM-03-02.PMC2736507.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28391020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-operative delirium after hip fracture treatment - a review of the current literature.","authors":"Theocharis Chr Kyziridis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delirium is a common accompaniment of physical illness in old age, affecting approximately one out of five of those admitted to medical wards, the number being higher for elderly with fractured femurs. Although its existence has long been recognized its exact pathophysiology has not yet been fully elucidated. The present article presents up-to-date information concerning the etiology, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of the post-operative delirium after hip-fracture treatment. The fact that its diagnosis remains mainly clinical requiring a high index of suspicion, both from nursing and medical staff, results in important under-recognition of the syndrome. Delirium is a medical emergency and if not promptly and urgently treated, or even better prevented, may have serious consequences for the patient and the family members. Proper measures for its prevention and treatment result in shorter hospital stay of the patients, less financial cost and better surgical outcome and rehabilitation of the elderly patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":88305,"journal":{"name":"Psycho-social medicine","volume":"3 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/4f/PSM-03-01.PMC2736510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28393250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}