Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"Fragmented QRS complex as a predictor of no-reflow in myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tanawat Attachaipanich, Suthinee Attachaipanich, Thanaphat Thanyaratsarun, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Kotchakorn Kaewboot","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2523721","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2523721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary no-reflow is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) and no-reflow in MI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across four databases from inception to July 20, 2024. The inclusion criteria were studies that enrolled MI patients, stratified by the presence of fQRS, and reported at least one of the following outcomes: no-reflow, infarct size, reinfarction, or repeat revascularization during hospitalization. No-reflow was defined as a Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade < 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies with 5840 participants were analyzed using a random-effects model. The presence of fQRS was associated with a higher risk of no-reflow compared to non-fQRS in MI patients, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.08 (95% CI 1.39 to 3.12), <i>P</i> < 0.01. Subgroup analysis by study design supported this finding. However, there were no significant differences in infarct size, in-hospital reinfarction, or need for repeat revascularization between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of fQRS was associated with a higher risk of no-reflow in MI patients. fQRS could serve as a useful tool for predicting no-reflow and guiding primary prevention strategies in MI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"704-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial disparities in non-small cell lung cancer survival outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Chalothorn Wannaphut, Ben Ponvilawan, Chanakarn Kanitthamniyom, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Narathorn Kulthamrongsri, Vitchapong Prasitsumrit, Phuuwadith Wattanachayakul, Sakditad Saowapa","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524792","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have demonstrated disparities in survival outcomes between Black/African American, Asian, and White patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some studies have suggested that non-White patients have poorer survival outcomes due to socioeconomic factors, while others have reported different findings. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of racial disparity on NSCLC survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published until September 2024. Eligible studies with aligned research objectives were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Fifteen studies with 763,314 patients met the eligibility criteria. Asian and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to White patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.94; <i>P</i> < 0.01 and HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93; <i>P</i> < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, OS differences were not statistically significant between Black and White (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.07; <i>P</i> < 0.01) or Hispanic and White patients (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-1.00; <i>P</i> = 0.19). Further, the subgroup analyses did not demonstrate any significant difference in OS outcome in any stage when comparing Black to White patients (stage I HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.23; <i>P</i> < 0.01; stage II HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.10; <i>P</i> = 0.26; stage III HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.12; <i>P</i> < 0.01; and stage IV HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97-1.07; <i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Asian and API patients with NSCLC exhibited superior OS outcomes compared to White patients. In contrast, racial disparities in survival outcomes were statistically insignificant for Black and Hispanic patients. Additionally, staging disparities in OS were not observed between Black and White patients with NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"722-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and advanced liver fibrosis in lean US adults: a population-based study.","authors":"Basile Njei, Manasik Abdu, Yazan A Al-Ajlouni, Mouhand F Mohamed, Yangyang Deng, Eri G Osta, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Silvia Vilarinho, Jonathan Dranoff, Joseph K Lim, Md, Justin Basile Echouffo Tcheugui","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524199","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are well established in obese individuals, their connection in lean populations remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study investigated the relations of IR with MASLD and advanced liver fibrosis based on data from the 2017-2020 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The subjects were lean adults (non-Asian body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m², Asian BMI <23 kg/m²) with transient elastography data, free from viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, excessive alcohol use, and diabetes. Multivariable generalized linear and logistic regression models were used to relate IR measures to hepatic fat content and visceral adiposity. The IR measures included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 860 lean adults (median age 53 years; 48% female; 38% White; mean BMI 22.5 kg/m²), the age-adjusted prevalence of MASLD was 8.9%. Among individuals with MASLD, 84% had a high visceral adiposity index (>1.92). The percent change in controlled attenuation parameter associated with HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and HOMA-β was 11.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.31, 16.93), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.26), and -162.72 (95% CI: -260.94, -64.50), respectively. HOMA-IR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.36, 4.98), QUICKI (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), and HOMA-β (aOR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.56) were each associated with MASLD. HOMA-IR was associated with advanced liver fibrosis (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MASLD and advanced liver fibrosis in lean individuals are linked to IR, independently of excess adiposity. Assessing IR could aid in identifying lean individuals at high risk of MASLD and liver fibrosis, regardless of diabetes status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"637-645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of general surgery residents entering into vascular surgery.","authors":"Eric Chuang, Niteesh Sundaram, Praveen Satarasinghe, Ammar Humayun, Mark B Kahn, Sai Sajja","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2525036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2525036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research productivity is an important component of the fellowship application for vascular surgery and is a criterion identified by program directors as important in the general surgery fellowship match. Bibliometric methods have been developed to standardize and quantify scholarly productivity. This study evaluated the research of general surgery residents who successfully matriculated into an independent vascular surgery fellowship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A list of the independent vascular surgery fellowships for the 2021-2022 academic year was first identified on the Society for Vascular Surgery website. Programs that displayed vascular fellows were selected for analysis. The names of all first- and second-year fellows were entered into Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate to obtain various bibliometric variables including number of total publications, number of vascular surgery publications, and number of citations upon matriculation into fellowship. Regression models were created to assess factors associated with publications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among independent vascular surgery fellowships, 83% were in academic training centers, 8% were in community training centers, and 9% were in university-affiliated training centers. Two-thirds of independent vascular surgery fellowship websites displayed fellow names; 17% of fellowships had one fellow, 49% had two fellows, 19% had three fellows, and 15% had four fellows (2.32 ± 0.93 fellows on average). The average number of publications upon matriculation for independent vascular fellows was 5, with an average of 3 publications within vascular surgery journals. On average, an incoming independent vascular fellow had 22 total citations. A larger number of fellows in the program (3 or 4) was observed to strongly correlate with publications (<i>P</i> < 0.01), number of vascular surgery publications (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and number of citations (<i>P</i> = 0.04). The geographic region of the fellowship did not correlate with research output. There was also no significant difference in research productivity among vascular surgery fellows coming from academic versus community versus affiliated general surgery residencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most independent vascular surgery fellowships are academic training centers with, on average, two fellows. Vascular surgery publications account for more than 50% of general surgery residents' research output upon vascular surgery fellowship matriculation. Larger independent vascular fellowships may attract candidates with greater scholarly productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"690-694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging pharmacological strategies in lipoprotein(a) reduction.","authors":"Taha Mansoor, Mahmoud Ismayl, Sachin Parikh, Vijay Nambi, Salim S Virani, Anurag Mehta, Xiaoming Jia, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524791","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle whose elevation is considered a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis. Currently, there are no published clinical trials showing whether Lp(a) lowering in conjunction with optimal LDL cholesterol control reduces ASCVD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov, an online database for clinical research studies, was used to identify ongoing clinical trials studying targeted Lp(a) lowering pharmacotherapy as of May 2025. Twelve clinical studies met the criteria and were included in this summary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three large, multicenter phase 3 outcome trials evaluating clinical cardiovascular disease endpoints of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) are Lp(a)HORIZON (NCT04023552), OCEAN(a) (NCT05581303), and ACCLAIM-Lpa(a) (NCT06292013), which investigate pelacarsen, olpasiran, and lepodisiran, respectively. Other phase 2 and phase 3 trials are also under way.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results from upcoming trials will inform us whether Lp(a) reductions translate to improved cardiovascular clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"783-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avocations.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2527009","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2527009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to risk factors in Pakistan: insight from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","authors":"Taha Mansoor, Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar, Salim Virani, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2522617","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2522617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to environmental, metabolic, and behavioral risk factor trends in Pakistan and globally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the Global Burden of Disease 2019 to determine the number of deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDRs) per 100,000 by age, sex, year, sociodemographic index, regions, and countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Pakistan, the ASMR per 100,000 (329 to 358; estimated annual percentage change [EAPC] 0.09) and ASDR per 100,000 (7327 to 7989; EAPC 0.09) for CVD remained stable with an inverted U-shaped trend. On the other hand, the global ASMR per 100,000 (354 to 240; EAPC -0.32) and ASDR per 100,000 (7085 to 4864; EAPC -0.31) for CVD decreased. Both globally and in Pakistan, the highest ASMR and ASDR of CVD were attributable to high systolic blood pressure followed by dietary risks. Out of 204 countries and territories worldwide, Pakistan ranked 49th for SBP and 33rd for dietary risks in terms of ASMR attributable to these risk factors in 2019.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CVD disease burden in Pakistan remains prominent, with CVD ASMR and ASDR trends attributable to various risk factors displaying unfavorable patterns compared to global trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"600-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just-in-time simulation for ad hoc teams: applications for surgical trainees.","authors":"Grant S Shewmaker, Bola Aladegbami","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2523725","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2523725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"673-674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of artificial intelligence to correctly predict inpatient versus observation hospital discharge status.","authors":"Linley E Watson, Rodney A Light, Courtney Shaver","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524877","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2524877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the ability of a real-time artificial intelligence (AI) tool to correctly align early during hospitalization with the discharge status of inpatient versus observation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study at Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple involved patients on 11 randomly chosen calendar days between August 2023 and October 2024. A real-time AI care level score (CLS) and machine learning likelihood (MeL) recommendations for inpatient versus observation discharge status were developed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare CLS, MeL, and commercial screening tool criteria with actual inpatient versus observation discharge status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The receiver operating characteristic curve for CLS-based prediction of the MeL recommendation for inpatients had the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9954 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9954, 0.9998). The AUC for only CLS for predicting inpatient discharge was 0.8949 (95% CI = 0.8692, 0.9206). A CLS score ≥76 resulted in the highest correct classification rate of 86%. For CLS and the commercial screening tool, the AUC was the lowest at 0.8419 (95% CI = 0.8121, 0.871).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with a real-time AI CLS ≥76 had an 86% correct assignment of inpatient discharge status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"662-665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'July effect' in management and outcomes of patients admitted with pulmonary embolism in the United States, 2016 to 2021.","authors":"Mridul Bansal, Aryan Mehta, D Lynn Morris, Chirag Mehta, Jacob C Jentzer, Sean van Diepen, J Dawn Abbott, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2520125","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2520125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study sought to assess the outcomes of pulmonary embolism (PE) admissions at teaching and nonteaching hospitals in the month of July, when new trainees begin their training in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During 2016-2021, adult (≥18 years) nonelective admissions with PE, admitted to urban teaching hospitals in the months of May and July, were identified using the National Inpatient Sample and compared to nonteaching admissions. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, complications, variations in management, total hospitalization costs, and hospitalization duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, 164,244 PE admissions were identified in May and July to teaching (76.5%) and nonteaching (23.5%) hospitals. The May and July cohorts had comparable baseline characteristics at both teaching and nonteaching hospitals. The rates of organ failure, noncardiac and cardiac organ support, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest were comparable across all four cohorts. Use of systemic thrombolysis (3.8% vs 3.1%; <i>P</i> = 0.002) and catheter-directed therapies (4.1% vs 3.8%; <i>P</i> = 0.05) were higher in the teaching hospitals in July than in May, but there were no differences in nonteaching hospitals. The cohorts of teaching (3.0% vs 3.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.30) and nonteaching hospitals (2.7% vs 2.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.15) had comparable adjusted in-hospital mortality in May and July. Hospitalization duration, total hospitalization costs, and discharge disposition were comparable in all four cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large 6-year US analysis, there were no differences in the outcomes of PE admissions to teaching and nonteaching hospitals in the months of May and July, arguing against the 'July effect.'</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 5","pages":"675-682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}