Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Updates on Prevalence and Trend Status of Visceral Leishmaniasis at Two Health Facilities in Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Mulat Yimer, E. Nibret, Gizachew Yismaw","doi":"10.1155/2022/3603892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3603892","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is one of the countries accounted for over 90% of annual visceral leishmaniasis incidence. Despite this, yet there are no active and passive surveillance activities in the Amhara Region that will give up-to-date information about the disease status at the health facility levels. Therefore, this study aimed to report up-to-date information about visceral leishmaniasis and its trend status at two health facilities and the surrounding areas. A retrospective study from October 2017 to May 2021 was conducted by reviewing patient records at Metema and Addis Zemen Hospitals. Data on Sex, age, occupation, residence, month, year, and rK39 test results were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The chi-square test was used to see the association between variables. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Of the 2,703 visceral leishmaniasis suspected cases diagnosed with the rK39 test, 877 (32.4%) were confirmed (positive) cases. Monthly and yearly trends depicted that the largest number of suspected cases was reported in October and 2018, respectively. Daily laborers were the most affected individuals in Metema areas.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46218343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioassay-Guided Fractionation, ESI-MS Scan, Phytochemical Screening, and Antiplasmodial Activity of <i>Afzelia africana</i>.","authors":"Bright Yaw Vigbedor, Jonathan Osei-Owusu, Ralph Kwakye, David Neglo","doi":"10.1155/2022/6895560","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/6895560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Afzelia africana</i> is a plant species with reported numerous medicinal potentials and secondary metabolites. Various parts of the plant have been applied for the treatment of hernia, rheumatism, pain, lumbago, malaria, etc. The study seeks to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antiplasmodial, and ESI-MS scan of bioassay-guided fractions from the methanol extract of the bark of the plant.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The main aim of the study was to carry out bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude methanol extract of <i>Afzelia africana</i> in order to isolate fractions and to evaluate their antiplasmodial activities and ESI-MS fingerprints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methods employed include column chromatographic fractionation, phytochemical screening, antiplasmodial activity (malaria SYBER green assay (MSF)), and ESI-MS profile (full ESI-MS scan).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The column chromatographic fractionation and phytochemical screening of the plant led to the separation of the following four fractions: <b>1</b> (flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids), <b>2</b> (alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids), <b>3</b> (anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids), and <b>4</b> (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids). The antiplasmodial activities of the fractions were tested against the 3D7 strain of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> with reported stronger activities for <b>1</b> (IC₅₀: 0.097 ± 0.034 <i>μ</i>g/mL) and <b>3</b> (IC₅₀: 1.43 ± 0.072 <i>μ</i>g/mL), and weaker activities for <b>2</b> (IC₅₀: >100 <i>μ</i>g/mL) and <b>4</b> (IC₅₀: 37.09 ± 6.14 <i>μ</i>g/mL). The full ESI-MS fingerprint of fractions <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> revealed the presence of 14, 24, 34, and 37 major molecular ions or compounds in each fraction, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9020990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44794616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Metabolomics: Sample Preparation Methods.","authors":"Khairunnisa Mohd Kamal,&nbsp;Mohd Hafidz Mahamad Maifiah,&nbsp;Nusaibah Abdul Rahim,&nbsp;Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim,&nbsp;Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani,&nbsp;Kamalrul Azlan Azizan","doi":"10.1155/2022/9186536","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/9186536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolomics is a comprehensive analysis of metabolites existing in biological systems. As one of the important \"omics\" tools, the approach has been widely employed in various fields in helping to better understand the complex cellular metabolic states and changes. Bacterial metabolomics has gained a significant interest as bacteria serve to provide a better subject or model at systems level. The approach in metabolomics is categorized into untargeted and targeted which serves different paradigms of interest. Nevertheless, the bottleneck in metabolomics has been the sample or metabolite preparation method. A custom-made method and design for a particular species or strain of bacteria might be necessary as most studies generally refer to other bacteria or even yeast and fungi that may lead to unreliable analysis. The paramount aspect of metabolomics design comprises sample harvesting, quenching, and metabolite extraction procedures. Depending on the type of samples and research objective, each step must be at optimal conditions which are significantly important in determining the final output. To date, there are no standardized nor single designated protocols that have been established for a specific bacteria strain for untargeted and targeted approaches. In this paper, the existing and current developments of sample preparation methods of bacterial metabolomics used in both approaches are reviewed. The review also highlights previous literature of optimized conditions used to propose the most ideal methods for metabolite preparation, particularly for bacterial cells. Advantages and limitations of methods are discussed for future improvement of bacterial metabolomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9019480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45383681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annotating Spike Protein Polymorphic Amino Acids of Variants of SARS-CoV-2, Including Omicron","authors":"G. N. Mahardika, Nyoman B Mahendra, B. K. Mahardika, I. Suardana, M. Pharmawati","doi":"10.1155/2022/2164749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2164749","url":null,"abstract":"The prolonged global spread and community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of variants and brought questions regarding disease severity and vaccine effectiveness. We conducted simple bioinformatics on the spike gene of a representative of each variant. The data show that a number of polymorphic amino acids are located mostly on the amino-terminal side of the S1/S2 cleavage site. The Omicron variant diverges from the others, with the highest number of amino acid substitutions, including the receptor-binding site (RBS), epitopes, S1/S2 cleavage site, fusion peptide, and heptad repeat 1. The current sharp global increase in the frequency of the Omicron genome constitutes evidence of its high community transmissibility. In conclusion, the proposed guideline could give an immediate insight of the probable biological nature of any variant of SARS-Cov-2. As the Omicron diverged the farthest from the original pandemic strain, Wuhan-Hu-1, we expect different epidemiological and clinical patterns of Omicron cases. On vaccine efficacy, slight changes in some epitopes while others are conserved should not lead to a significant reduction in the effectiveness of an approved vaccine.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46662561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Sulfonyl Derivatives and Their Biological Activities.","authors":"Endale Mulugeta, Yoseph Samuel","doi":"10.1155/2022/7255299","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7255299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the synthesis of new compounds with potential bioactivities has become a central issue in the drug discovery arena. Among these new compounds, benzimidazole-sulfonyl scaffolds have vital applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals industries. Benzimidazole and sulfonyl compounds have remarkable biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory, and <i>α</i>-amylase inhibitory activities. Furthermore, recent literature mentions the synthesis and bioactivities of some benzimidazole-sulfonyl hybrids. In this review, we focus on reviewing the synthesis of these hybrid scaffolds and their various types of biological activities of the compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9005321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48352967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retracted: Exploring Drug Targets in Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathway for Plasmodium falciparum","authors":"Biochemistry Research International","doi":"10.1155/2022/8426183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8426183","url":null,"abstract":"[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/657189.].","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45341128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stability Improvement of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus α</i>-Amylase by Immobilization onto Chitin-Bentonite Hybrid.","authors":"Ezra Rheinsky Tiarsa,&nbsp;Yandri Yandri,&nbsp;Tati Suhartati,&nbsp;Heri Satria,&nbsp;Bambang Irawan,&nbsp;Sutopo Hadi","doi":"10.1155/2022/5692438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5692438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enzyme immobilization is a powerful method to improve the stability, reuse, and enzymatic properties of enzymes. The immobilization of the <i>α</i>-amylase enzyme from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> on a chitin-bentonite (CB) hybrid has been studied to improve its stability. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the higher stability of <i>α</i>-amylase enzyme to reduce industrial costs. The procedures were performed as follows: production, isolation, partial purification, immobilization, and characterization of the free and immobilized enzymes. The CB hybrid was synthesized by bentonite, chitin, and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The free enzyme was immobilized onto CB hybrid using 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5. The free and immobilized enzymes were characterized by optimum temperature, Michaelis constant (<i>K</i> _M), maximum velocity (<i>V</i> _max), thermal inactivation rate constant (<i>k</i> _<i>i</i> ), half-life (<i>t</i> _1/2), and transformation of free energy because of denaturation (Δ<i>G</i> _<i>i</i> ). The free enzyme has optimum temperature of 55°C, <i>K</i> _<i>M</i>  = 3.04 mg mL^-1 substrate, <i>V</i> _max=10.90 <i>μ</i>molemL^-1min^-1, <i>k</i> _<i>i</i>  = 0.0171 min^-1, <i>t</i> _1/2 = 40.53 min, and Δ<i>G</i> _<i>i</i>  = 104.47 kJ mole^-1. Meanwhile, the immobilized enzyme has optimum temperature of 60°C, <i>K</i> _<i>M</i>  = 11.57 mg mL^-1 substrate, <i>V</i> _max=3.37 <i>μ</i>molemL^-1min^-1, <i>k</i> _<i>i</i>  = 0.0045 min^-1, <i>t</i> _1/2 = 154.00 min, and Δ<i>G</i> _<i>i</i>  = 108.17 kJ mole^-1. After sixth cycle of reuse, the residual activity of the immobilized enzyme was 38%. The improvement in the stability of <i>α</i>-amylase immobilized on the CB hybrid based on the increase in half-life was four times of the free enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40317380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diets Rich in Olive Oil, Palm Oil, or Lard Alter Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Membrane Composition in Rat Liver","authors":"Y. F. Djohan, M. Camara-Cissé, G. Fouret, B. Bonafos, B. Jover, J. Cristol, C. Coudray, C. Feillet-Coudray, É. Badia","doi":"10.1155/2022/9394356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9394356","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil (crude or refined) and lard are rich in SFA, while olive oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. SFA are considered harmful to health, while polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diets rich in crude PO, refined PO, OO, or lard on the mitochondrial membrane, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This was an experimental study in male Wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were collected. This collection was used to determine membrane potential and ROS production, membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition, citrate synthase activity and respiratory chain complex, cardiolipin synthase protein expression, and expression of selected genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. We found that diets rich in olive oil, palm oil, or lard altered mitochondrial biogenesis by significantly decreasing Pgc1α gene expression and altered the fatty acid composition of rat liver mitochondrial membrane PL.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48828082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiarrheal and Antisecretory Effect of 80% Hydromethanolic Leaf Extract of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> Baker f. in Mice.","authors":"Menbere Getaneh Woldeyohannes,&nbsp;Gelila Tamyalew Eshete,&nbsp;Alfoalem Araba Abiye,&nbsp;Abebe Ejigu Hailu,&nbsp;Solomon Assefa Huluka,&nbsp;Wondmagegn Tamiru Tadesse","doi":"10.1155/2022/5768805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5768805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Ethiopia, different medicinal plants have been claimed and used to treat diarrheal diseases. However, these claimed effects for most medicinal plants have not been scientifically verified. One of such plants in Ethiopian folkloric medicine is <i>Moringa stenopetala,</i> which is usually consumed as a vegetable in southern Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal and antisecretory effects of 80% methanolic leaf extract of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> in different mice models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using Swiss albino mice, castor oil-induced diarrhea, charcoal meal-based gastrointestinal motility, and castor oil-induced secretion models were employed to assess antidiarrheal activity. In all of the test models, animals were randomly assigned into five groups consisting of six animals in each group. Group I received 0.5 ml of the vehicle (2% tween-80), while group II was treated with standard drug (3 mg/kg loperamide) in the respective models, whereas groups III to V received 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extracts of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i>. Onset, frequency, consistency, and weight of stool (diarrhea) were recorded, and different parameters and percentage proportions were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, and <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence of interval.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the percentage inhibition of diarrhea was 48.5, 58.6, and 60% for the respective doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of the extract. And, the extract showed a 36.8, 54.4, and 55.9% reduction of peristalsis in charcoal meal-based gastrointestinal motility test compared to the negative control group. Moreover, in the antisecretory assay, the 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg doses of MEMS inhibited fluid contents of the stool by 11.5, 54.54, and 61.82%, respectively, relative to the vehicle-treated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings revealed that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> extract has shown antidiarrheal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8818423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39609482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stability Improvement of <i>α</i>-Amylase Enzyme from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> by Immobilization on a Bentonite Matrix.","authors":"Yandri Yandri,&nbsp;Ezra Rheinsky Tiarsa,&nbsp;Tati Suhartati,&nbsp;Heri Satria,&nbsp;Bambang Irawan,&nbsp;Sutopo Hadi","doi":"10.1155/2022/3797629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3797629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stability of the <i>α</i>-amylase enzyme has been improved from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> using the immobilization method on a bentonite matrix. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the higher stability of <i>α</i>-amylase enzyme from <i>A. fumigatus</i>; hence, it is used repeatedly to reduce industrial costs. The procedures involved enzyme production, isolation, partial purification, immobilization, and characterization. Furthermore, the soluble enzyme was immobilized using 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 7.5 on a bentonite matrix, after which it was characterized with the following parameters such as optimum temperature, Michaelis constant (<i>K</i> _<i>M</i> ), maximum velocity (<i>V</i> _max), thermal inactivation rate constant (<i>k</i> _i), half-life (<i>t</i> _1/2), and the change of energy due to denaturation (Δ<i>G</i> _<i>i</i> ). The results showed that the soluble enzyme has an optimum temperature of 55°C, <i>K</i> _<i>M</i> of 3.04 mg mL^-1 substrate, <i>V</i> _max of 10.90 <i>μ</i>mole mL^-1 min^-1, <i>k</i> _i of 0.0171 min^-1, t_1/2 of 40.53 min, and Δ<i>G</i> _<i>i</i> of 104.47 kJ mole^-1, while the immobilized enzyme has an optimum temperature of 70°C, <i>K</i> _<i>M</i> of 8.31 mg mL^-1 substrate, <i>V</i> _max of 1.44 <i>μ</i>mole mL^-1 min^-1, <i>k</i> _i of 0.0060 min^-1, <i>t</i> _1/2 of 115.50 min, and Δ<i>G</i> _<i>i</i> of 107.37 kJ mole^-1. Considering the results, the immobilized enzyme retained 42% of its residual activity after six reuse cycles. Additionally, the stability improvement of the <i>α</i>-amylase enzyme by immobilization on a bentonite matrix, based on the increase in half-life, was three times greater than the soluble enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39834057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}