Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Study of Abiotic Stress Factors on GC-MS-Detected Phytoconstituents of <i>Aloe greatheadii</i> var: davyana Using Heat Map and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram.","authors":"Denga Nthai,&nbsp;Vuyisile Samuel Thibane,&nbsp;Sechene Stanley Gololo","doi":"10.1155/2022/5365024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5365024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aloe greatheadii</i> var. davyana or spotted aloe is indigenous to South Africa and widely distributed in the northern provinces. The plant has a vast ethnopharmacological application which is mostly attributed to its phytochemical content. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of abiotic stress factors on the plant's phytochemical content. The phytochemical content of <i>A. greatheadii</i> hexane extracts from four different provinces (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and North West), harvested from the wild at varied altitudes, rainfall patterns, and soil types, was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The phytochemical content of hexane extracts from the four South African provinces was analysed using heat map analysis and hierarchical clustering dendrogram. The phytochemical content of <i>A. greatheadii</i> hexane extracts was composed of fatty acids, alkanes, benzene, carboxylic acids, ketones, phytosterols, and vitamins. Eicosane, henicosane, and [(2S)-2-[(2R)-4-hexadecanoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] hexadecanoate were the only compounds detected in all samples from the four provinces. The concentration levels of 2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl) benzoic acid, beta-sitosterol, tritetracontane, and ethyl 13-methyltetradecanoate were closely related and expressed a low clustering distance amongst the samples. Variations in soil pH, soil type, and rainfall patterns were detected and differed in the four provinces. The different abiotic stress factors affected the biochemical pathways for the different compounds, with conditions in Gauteng being less favourable for many of the compounds detected. Abiotic stress factors have shown to influence phytochemical biochemical pathways and quantity. <i>Aloe greatheadii</i> plants can be selected based on location seemingly due to the variations that persist in their phytochemical content.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8754611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39939542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Experimental Assessment of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as an <i>α</i>-Amylase and <i>α</i>-Lipase Inhibitor.","authors":"Adebanke Ogundipe,&nbsp;Babatunde Adetuyi,&nbsp;Franklyn Iheagwam,&nbsp;Keleko Adefoyeke,&nbsp;Joseph Olugbuyiro,&nbsp;Oluseyi Ogunlana,&nbsp;Olubanke Ogunlana","doi":"10.1155/2022/4613109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4613109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, <i>α</i>-amylase, and <i>α</i>-lipase inhibitory assessment were carried out on <i>Moringa oleifera</i> extract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid contents of values 0.070 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 0.180 ± 0.020 mg rutin equivalent/g, 0.042 ± 0.001 mg tannic equivalent/g, and 12.17 ± 0.001%, respectively, while the total protein analysis was 0.475 ± 0.001 mg bovine serum albumin equivalent/g. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were 0.534 ± 0.001 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 0.022 ± 0.00008 mg rutin equivalent/g, respectively. Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and nitric oxide (NO) assays showed the extract to have a strong free radical scavenging activity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of the lipase and amylase activities of the extract are 1.0877 mg/mL and 0.1802 mg/mL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>However, <i>α</i>-lipase and <i>α</i>-amylase inhibiting activity of <i>M. oleifera</i> could be related to the phytochemicals in the extract. This research validates the ethnobotanical use of <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves as an effective plant-based therapeutic agent for diabetes and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10506897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization of Dembi Reservoir Water for Suitability of Fish Production, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Ephrem Chekole,&nbsp;Henok Kassa,&nbsp;Abebe Aschalew,&nbsp;Lalit Ingale","doi":"10.1155/2022/1343044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1343044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reservoir water physicochemical characteristics provide important information about water suitability for fish production. Accordingly, the study aimed to characterize the physicochemical characteristics of Dembi reservoir water for sustainable fish production. The study was conducted in Dembi reservoir during the dry season. Water samples were collected in triplicate from selected 10 sampling sites of the reservoir water using manually prepared water sampler made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube. The depth integrated sampling technique was employed to take water samples for all physicochemical characteristics analysis. From the selected 14 physicochemical characteristics, four (temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were tested onsite using a multisystem HQ4d electronic meter (probe), whereas the rest 10 water quality characteristics were tested in the laboratory. The result showed that the current average depth of the dam was 5.6 ± 1.61 m. The overall mean values of the water quality characteristics at different sites of the reservoir were as follows: turbidity (26.4 ± 0.44 FTU), total hardness (22.2 ± 0.51 mgL^-1), NO₃ (5.4 ± 0.48 mgL^-1), NO₂ (0.3 ± 0.11 mgL^-1), NH₄ (2.1 ± 0.06 mgL^-1), PO₄ ^-3 (1.7 ± 0.27 mgL^-1), total alkalinity (52.5 ± 0.91 mgL^-1), and BOD₅ (2.7 ± 0.24 mgL^-1). There was a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in all physicochemical characteristics among 10 sampling sites of the reservoir water. The recorded values of all physicochemical characteristics, except NO₂, NH₄, and PO₄ ^-3, were found within the recommended standard limit for fish production. The change in reservoir water depth and increase in nutrients shows the presence of sediment siltation and nutrient enrichment. Therefore, proper watershed management practices and waste management should be carried out for sustainable water quality maintenance and fish production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10453352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Nanobiosensors for Precise Detection of Blood Glucose Level.","authors":"Haniye Khosravi Ardakani,&nbsp;Mitra Gerami,&nbsp;Mostafa Chashmpoosh,&nbsp;Navid Omidifar,&nbsp;Ahmad Gholami","doi":"10.1155/2022/2964705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2964705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) follows a series of metabolic diseases categorized by high blood sugar levels. Owing to the increasing diabetes disease in the world, early diagnosis of this disease is critical. New methods such as nanotechnology have made significant progress in many areas of medical science and physiology. Nanobiosensors are very sensible and can identify single virus particles or even low concentrations of a material that can be inherently harmful. One of the main factors for developing glucose sensors in the body is the diagnosis of hypoglycemia in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the most up-to-date and fastest glucose detection method by nanosensors and, as a result, faster and better treatment in medical sciences. In this review, we try to explore new ways to control blood glucose levels and treat diabetes. We begin with a definition of biosensors and their classification and basis, and then we examine the latest biosensors in glucose detection and new biosensors applications, including the artificial pancreas and updating quantum graphene data.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8786499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, DFT Analysis, and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Sulfathiazole Derivatives Combined with <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Docking and ADMET Predictions.","authors":"Yoseph Samuel,&nbsp;Ankita Garg,&nbsp;Endale Mulugeta","doi":"10.1155/2021/7534561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7534561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic modifications of sulfathiazole derivatives become an interesting approach to enhance their biological properties in line with their applications. As a result, sulfathiazole derivatives become a good candidate and potential class of organic compounds to play an important role towards medicinal chemistry. In present study, one thiazole derivative and two new sulfathiazole derivatives are synthesized with 94% and 72-81% yields, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and two Gram-positive bacterial strains (<i>S. pyogenes</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>) by disk diffusion method. Among synthesized compounds, compound <b>11a</b> showed potent inhibitory activity against Gram-negative, <i>E. coli</i> with 11.6 ± 0.283 mm zone of inhibition compared to standard drug sulfamethoxazole (15.7 ± 0.707 mm) at 50 mg/mL. The radical scavenging activities of these compounds were evaluated using DPPH radical assay, and compound <b>11a</b> showed the strongest activity with IC₅₀ values of 1.655 <i>μ</i>g/mL. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their <i>in silico</i> molecular docking analysis using <i>S. aureus</i> gyrase (PDB ID: 2XCT) and human myeloperoxidase (PDB ID: 1DNU) and were found to have minimum binding energy ranging from -7.8 to -10.0 kcal/mol with 2XCT and -7.5 to -9.7 with 1DNU. Compound <b>11a</b> showed very good binding score -9.7 kcal/mol with both of the proteins and had promising alignment with <i>in vitro</i> results. Compound 11b also showed high binding scores with both proteins. Drug likeness and ADMET of synthesized compounds were predicted. The DFT analysis of synthesized compounds was performed using Gaussian 09 and visualized through Gauss view 6.0. The structural coordinates of the lead compounds were optimized using B3LYP/6-31 G (d,p) level basis set without any symmetrical constraints. Studies revealed that all the synthesized compounds might be candidates for further antibacterial and antioxidant studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39872166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Phenolic Compounds Content, and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Cistus monspeliensis</i> from Northern Morocco.","authors":"Sara Haida,&nbsp;Kaltoum Bakkouche,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Ramadane Kribii,&nbsp;Abderahim Kribii","doi":"10.1155/2021/6669877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, oxidative stress is one of the major problems that threatens human health. It is at the root of many diseases such as cancer. Despite the enormous efforts provided to combat this scourge, oxidative stress is still relevant and hence comes the need for research of new remedies especially from natural origin. For this purpose, the study of the antioxidant activity of extracts of <i>Cistus monspeliensis</i> from Morocco is a principal research objective. The phenolic extracts were obtained by maceration of the plant in a water/acetone mixture and then separated by liquid/liquid extraction with solvents of increasing polarity. The first phytochemical tests carried out on these extracts showed the existence of different families of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and others. Assays for total polyphenols, flavonoids, hydrolysable, and condensed tannins were carried out by known colorimetric methods. The results of these assays have shown that the studied extracts are rich in phenolic compounds present in the plant in the form of flavonoids (69.81 ± 0.22 mg EQ/g DM), hydrolysable tannins (61.86 ± 0.89 mg ETA/g DM), and condensed tannins (70.05 ± 1.61 mg EC/g DM). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity is carried out by two different methods: the DPPH test (2,2-DiPhenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl) and the FRAP test (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The results obtained show that the extracts of <i>Cistus monspeliensis</i> are active and have interesting antioxidant powers. In particular, the water/acetone (WAE) (IC₅₀ = 0.079 mg/mL) and butanolic (BUE) (IC_0.5 = 0.099 mg/mL) extracts are the most active with values comparable to that of ascorbic acid. The interesting results obtained in this study clearly show that <i>Cistus monspeliensis</i> originating from Morocco can be considered as a source of natural antioxidants. Therefore, the extracts of this plant deserve to be tested in the medicinal field, against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and in food field as an additive and preservative.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8670979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Predictive Model of Presenilin-2 Protein and Analysis of Structural Effects of Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations.","authors":"Alejandro Soto-Ospina,&nbsp;Pedronel Araque Marín,&nbsp;Gabriel de Jesús Bedoya,&nbsp;Andrés Villegas Lanau","doi":"10.1155/2021/9542038","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/9542038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease manifests itself in brain tissue by neuronal death, due to aggregation of <i>β</i>-amyloid, produced by senile plaques, and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, which produces neurofibrillary tangles. One of the genetic markers of the disease is the gene that translates the presenilin-2 protein, which has mutations that favor the appearance of the disease and has no reported crystallographic structure. In view of this, protein modeling is performed using prediction and structural refinement tools followed by an energetic and stereochemical characterization for its validation. For the simulation, four reported mutations are chosen, which are Met239Ile, Met239Val, Ser130Leu, and Thr122Arg, all associated with various functional responses. From a theoretical analysis, a preliminary bioinformatic study is made to find the phosphorylation patterns in the protein and the hydropathic index according to the polarity and chemical environment. Molecular visualization was carried out with the Chimera 1.14 software, and the theoretical calculation with the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics system from the semi-empirical method, with Spartan18 software and an AustinModel1 basis. These relationships allow for studying the system from a structural approach with the determination of small distance changes, potential surfaces, electrostatic maps, and angle changes, which favor the comparison between wild-type and mutant systems. With the results obtained, it is expected to complement experimental data reported in the literature from models that would allow us to understand the effects of the selected mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39703874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ozoroa insignis reticulata</i> (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Jonathan Katsukunya, Rumbidzai Makurira, Stanley Mukanganyama","doi":"10.1155/2021/5599129","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/5599129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of infections caused by <i>S. aureus</i> has become a challenge due to the emergency of resistant strains. <i>Ozoroa reticulata</i> root extracts have been used in traditional medicine to treat throat and chest pains in Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of <i>O. reticulata</i> root bark extracts on the production of extracellular proteases by <i>S. aureus</i>. The root barks were collected, dried, and crushed into powder. To obtain different phytoconstituents, plant extractions were performed. Extractions were carried out using two solvent mixtures: ethanol : water (50 : 50 v/v) and dichloromethane : methanol (50 : 50 v/v). Serial exhaustive extractions were also performed using methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, and water. The broth microdilution assays were used to assess the antibacterial effects of the <i>Ozoroa reticulata</i> root bark extracts against <i>S. aureus</i>. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. Qualitative screening for extracellular protease production by <i>S. aureus</i> on BCG-skim milk agar plates using the most potent extract was carried out. The proteolytic zones were measured and expressed as the ratio of the diameter of the colony to the total diameter of the colony plus the zone of hydrolysis (<i>P</i> _<i>z</i> values). The ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most potent inhibitor of the growth of <i>S. aureus</i> with 99% inhibition and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 <i>µ</i>g/mL. Inhibition of extracellular protease production was directly proportional to the concentration of the extract. At 100 <i>µ</i>g/mL, the ethyl acetate extract had a <i>P</i> _<i>z</i> value of 0.84, indicative of mild proteolytic activity. A <i>P</i> _<i>z</i> value of 0.94 was observed at a concentration of 200 <i>µ</i>g/mL and signified weak proteolytic activity. In conclusion, the extract inhibited the production of extracellular proteases in <i>S. aureus</i>. Further work on the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible for inhibiting the production of extracellular proteases is of importance in the discovery of agents with antivirulent effects on <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39597982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biochemical Analysis of Patients with COVID-19 Infection.","authors":"Adil R Sarhan, Thaer A Hussein, Mohammed H Flaih, Khwam R Hussein","doi":"10.1155/2021/1383830","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/1383830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have demonstrated that age, comorbidities, and abnormalities in different clinical biomarkers can be important to understand disease severity. Although clinical features of COVID-19 have been widely described, the assessment of alterations of the most common biochemical markers that are reported in patients with COVID-19 still has not been well established. Here, we report clinical and blood biochemical indicators of 100 patients with COVID-19. Throat-swab upper respiratory samples were obtained from patients and real-time PCR was used to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gender, age, and clinical features such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking habits were investigated. Biochemical parameters were categorized and analyzed according to these clinical characteristics. Triglycerides, GPT, and ALP are the biochemical markers that changed the most in the group of hypertension patients. Cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly different (<i>P</i>=0.01; <i>P</i>=0.04, respectively) between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with COVID-19. Potassium levels were significantly different (<i>P</i>=0.03) when comparing smokers with nonsmoker patients. Our results suggest several potential biochemical indexes that changed in patients with COVID-19 and whether certain comorbidity and clinical characteristics influence these markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8542065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39562512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Spectroscopic (FTIR and UV-Vis) and Hyphenated Chromatographic (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) Analysis and <i>In Vitro</i> Bioactivities of the <i>Momordica balsamina</i> Leaf Extract.","authors":"X E Mabasa,&nbsp;L M Mathomu,&nbsp;N E Madala,&nbsp;E M Musie,&nbsp;M T Sigidi","doi":"10.1155/2021/2854217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2854217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Momordica balsamina</i> (<i>M. balsamina</i>) is a medicinal herb comprising health-promoting secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to profile bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of <i>M. balsamina</i> leaves using molecular spectroscopic (UV-Vis and FTIR) and hyphenated chromatographic (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) techniques and evaluate the biological (<i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity) activities of the extract. The preliminary phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The UV-Vis profile revealed various absorption bands ranging from 200 to 750 nm, indicating the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and alkaloids. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinones, and phenolic compounds. A high-resolution and accurate mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS model LC-MS-9030 instrument) was used, and the results confirmed the presence of flavonoid aglycones, such as quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol, as well as pseudolaroside A and dicaffeoylquinic and feruloyl isocitric acids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pseudolaroside A dimer and feruloyl isocitric acid in <i>M. balsamina</i> leaves. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity assay showed that the extract was nontoxic against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29 and Caco2), Vero, and RAW 264.7 cells. However, the extract showed anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. The study confirmed that <i>M. balsamina</i> leaves contain nontoxic secondary metabolites that may play a pivotal role in human health as anti-inflammatory agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8492264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39495962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}