Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Interaction of Agaric Acid with the Adenine Nucleotide Translocase Induces Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Edmundo Chávez,&nbsp;Mabel Buelna-Chontal,&nbsp;Arturo Macías-López,&nbsp;Luz Hernández-Esquivel,&nbsp;Francisco Correa,&nbsp;Natalia Pavón","doi":"10.1155/2020/5253108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5253108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial permeability transition is characterized by the opening of a transmembranal pore that switches membrane permeability from specific to nonspecific. This structure allows the free traffic of ions, metabolites, and water across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The opening of the permeability transition pore is triggered by oxidative stress along with calcium overload. In this work, we explored if oxidative stress is a consequence, rather than an effector of the pore opening, by evaluating the interaction of agaric acid with the adenine nucleotide translocase, a structural component of the permeability transition pore. We found that agaric acid induces transition pore opening, increases the generation of oxygen-derived reactive species, augments the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane, and promotes the detachment of cytochrome c from the inner membrane. The effect of agaric acid was inhibited by the antioxidant tamoxifen in association with decreased binding of the thiol reagent eosin-3 maleimide to the adenine nucleotide translocase. We conclude that agaric acid promotes the opening of the pore, increasing ROS production that exerts oxidative modification of critical thiols in the adenine nucleotide translocase.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5253108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7803168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38854576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in XPO5 are Associated with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in a Chinese Population\".","authors":"Ning Wang,&nbsp;Boshen Wang,&nbsp;Jiadi Guo,&nbsp;Suhao Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Han,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Baoli Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2020/9649346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9649346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/9589310.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9649346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38827874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya.","authors":"Lydia G Mugao,&nbsp;Bernard M Gichimu,&nbsp;Phyllis W Muturi,&nbsp;Simon T Mukono","doi":"10.1155/2020/8861798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study identified a total of 52 different chemical classes from the essential oils of the four different plants that were analysed. Their percentage composition was also found to vary between the test plants. The essential oils of Mexican marigold constituted the highest composition of the identified chemical classes at 71.2%, followed by ginger at 55.8%, while both tick berry and garlic oils constituted 53.8% of the total classes identified. Terpenes constituted the highest composition in the essential oils of all the four test plants. Other major chemical classes included esters, ketones, organosulfurs, alkanes, cycloalkanes, steroids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanols. Some of these chemical compounds have been shown to have a huge utility potential in biopesticides, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and hence, their industrial extraction and purification from the essential oils of these plants are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8861798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7803138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38854577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Constituents of Phaleria macrocarpa (Leaf) Methanolic Extract Inhibit ROS Production in SH-SY5Y Cells Model","authors":"I. Hassan, Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim, Ferdaus Binti Mohamat Yusuf, S. Ahmad, Syahida Ahmad","doi":"10.1155/2020/2640873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2640873","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Reactive oxygen species generation in mammalian cells profoundly affects several critical cellular functions, and the lack of efficient cellular detoxification mechanisms which remove these radicals may lead to several human diseases. Several studies show that ROS is incriminated as destructive agents in the context of the nervous system especially with advance in age leading to neurodegeneration. Current treatments of this disease are not effective and result in several side effects. Thus, the search for alternative medicines is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the reactive oxygen inhibitory effect of Phaleria macrocarpa 80% (leaf) extract. Methods. The leaf was extracted with 80% methanol. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and ROS inhibitory activities were evaluated using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay in the SH-SY5Y cells model. Results. The result revealed ROS inhibitory activities of the crude extract with highly significant differences at \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 between the group that were treated with crude extract only, the group treated with crude extract and exposed to H2O2, and the group exposed to H2O2 only as well as the group that were maintained in complete media. Bioactive compounds show the presence of vitexin and isovitexin following the HPLC method. Conclusion. High antioxidant activities and low toxicity effect of this crude revealed its high benefit to be used as natural medicine/supplements.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2640873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)","authors":"Mercy Makopa, Benjamin Mangiza, Benjamin Banda, Winnie Mozirandi, Molly Mombeshora, S. Mukanganyama","doi":"10.1155/2020/8884300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8884300","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits and leaves of Persia americana are used in traditional medical practices. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic effects of the leaf extracts from P. americana. The antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts were evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis while antifungal activities were determined against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was determined against mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility of the microbial strains towards the leaf extracts. S. epidermidis was the most susceptible microbe out of the tested microorganisms. The acetone extract was the most potent extract against S. epidermidis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg/mL. At 100 μg/mL, the ethanol:water extract 18% of K. pneumoniae cells remained viable. Cell viability after exposure to the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol extracts was 28% against C. albicans and 8% against C. tropicalis, respectively. The DCM:methanol and acetone extracts caused membrane damage in S. epidermidis exhibited by protein leakage. Only the acetone extract effected nucleic acid leakage. Screening of extracts’ potential to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase was carried out spectrophotometrically following the production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol-glucopyranoside (substrate) at a wavelength of 405 nm. Out of all the tested extracts, the methanolic extract showed the best inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase enzyme in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.KiandKinactvalues were found to be 1.4 mg/mL and 2.4 U/min, respectively, after incubation for 1 hour. It was concluded that the leaf extracts of P. americana contain phytochemicals with antibacterial, antifungal, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Further studies are required for the identification of the active compounds in the leaf extracts responsible for these observed effects.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8884300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47819101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Determination of Antimicrobial and Hypoglycemic Activities of Mikania cordata (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts","authors":"Pavithra L. Jayatilake, H. Munasinghe","doi":"10.1155/2020/8674708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8674708","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases and diabetes mellitus are counted responsible for a substantial amount of mortality among the human population. The current study was performed to detect the antimicrobial activities and hypoglycemic potential of Mikania cordata (Asteraceae) leaves extracted into aqueous media and several organic solvents (ethyl acetate and methanol). The ethyl acetate extract of Mikania cordata (MEA) leaves was observed to possess significantly (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) greater antimicrobial capabilities (susceptible against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) when compared with that of the methanol (MME) and aqueous extracts (MDW) which were assessed based on Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration of MEA (against B. cereus, S. aureus, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and MME (against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231) lies in a similar range of 1.13 > MIC>0.56 mg/ml. In the present study, a single compound (from MEA) of Rf value 0.64 was isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) that was responsible for the zone of inhibition against B. cereus (20.3 ± 0.3 mm). The results of this study also depicted the antihyperglycemic properties of M. cordata leaves which followed the same trend as the commercial drug Metformin in a glucose concentration-independent manner when tested in a glucose uptake assay by yeast cells. Therefore, it is evident that Mikania cordata is a reservoir of useful bioactive compounds which with further research will be paving the path for drug commercialization. This is the first record of TLC-based isolation of antimicrobial compounds of M. cordata and analysis of the hypoglycemic properties of M. cordata leaves.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8674708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity of Phosvitin in Hydroxyapatite Acid-Damage Immersion and Antimicrobial Assays.","authors":"Richard D Shipman,&nbsp;Sean D Doering,&nbsp;Jack R Hemsath,&nbsp;Eun Joo Lee,&nbsp;Jennifer E Grant","doi":"10.1155/2020/8831311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosvitin, the most highly phosphorylated metal-binding protein found in nature, binds more than 100 calcium ions, and has been identified as an agent that could be used to generate biomineralization scaffolds. Because of published reports describing phosvitin's affinity for calcium and potential antibiotic activity, this study was undertaken in order to evaluate phosvitin for both antibiotic activity against common microorganisms and the ability to protect hydroxyapatite surfaces from acid damage. To more clearly define its antibiotic action, the effects of phosvitin on <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, <i>P. mirabilis</i>, <i>B. cereus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. epidermidis</i> were evaluated. In both Kirby-Bauer tests and liquid culture growth inhibition assays, phosvitin inhibited <i>M. luteus</i>, a microorganism that thrives in the human mouth, but not the other bacteria tested. The MIC of phosvitin was determined to be 31.3 <i>μ</i>g/mL when delivered in 1 mM CaCl₂ but was 0.5 mg/mL in the absence of added calcium. Expanding on the potential impacts of phosvitin on the mouth, its action was evaluated in a model of tooth decay represented by acid-damaged hydroxyapatite discs. SEM, AFM, and FAAS analyses revealed that pretreatment of discs with phosvitin modulated the damage-induced morphology and topography changes associated with acid-damaged discs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8831311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8831311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Study on the Regulation of Annexin IV and VEGF by hCG in the Human Endometrium.","authors":"Shaoyuan Xu,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Chen,&nbsp;Beiyu Liu","doi":"10.1155/2020/8892930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8892930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Whether changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin IV during implantation are regulated through the LH/hCG-R needs further research. To investigate the mechanism of hCG on the expression of annexin IV and VEGF in human endometrial cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endometrial cells were isolated and identified from human specimens. The proportion of glandular and epithelial cells was analyzed. Annexin IV and VEGF were analyzed by qRT-PCR (mRNA), western blot (proteins), and immunohistochemistry (proteins). Protein location was identified by immunohistochemistry. The cells were cultured with hCG, hCG/PD98059 (a MAPK inhibitor), or no treatment (control).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportions between the glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells at inoculation and when adding hCG were 25.8 ± 0.2% and 27.8 ± 0.04%, respectively (<i>P</i> > 0.05). LH/hCG-R, annexin IV, and VEGF were found in the cytoplasm of endometrial cells. After 2, 6, 12, and 24 h of hCG treatment, compared with 1 h, VEGF mRNA was increased by 1.25-fold, 3.19-fold, 4.21-fold, and 4.86-fold and annexin IV by 2.23-fold, 3.37-fold, 5.14-fold, and 5.02-fold. Compared with the control group, annexin IV mRNA and protein were increased in the hCG and hCG/PD98059 groups (mRNA/protein: 1.99-fold/1.80-fold and 2.33-fold/1.93-fold, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control group, VEGF mRNA and protein were increased in the hCG group (mRNA/protein: 2.30-fold/1.86-fold), but not in the hCG/PD98059 group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hCG could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of annexin IV and VEGF. The upregulation of annexin IV by hCG could not be inhibited by PD98059, but the upregulation of VEGF by hCG could.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8892930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8892930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38569394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive-Enhancing, <i>Ex Vivo</i> Antilipid Peroxidation and Qualitative Phytochemical Evaluation of the Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of <i>Lonchocarpus eriocalyx</i> (Harms.).","authors":"Gervason Moriasi, Anthony Ireri, Mathew Ngugi","doi":"10.1155/2020/8819045","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8819045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 50 million persons are living with cognitive deficits worldwide, with over 80% of these individuals living in the developing world. The number of affected persons is projected to go over 152 million by the year 2050. Current drugs used for cognitive impairment are debatably ineffective, costly, inaccessible, and associated with undesirable events that call for the search for alternative and complementary approaches. Plants are arguably affordable, accessible, and efficacious. However, despite the reported healing claims, scientific data validating these claims are lacking. <i>L. eriocalyx</i> is traditionally used for the management of various conditions, including cognitive impairment but has not been scientifically explored. In this study, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) method was used to evaluate <i>in vivo</i> cognitive-enhancing effects of studied extracts of <i>L. eriocalyx.</i> Furthermore, following MWM experiments, brains were dissected and processed, and malondialdehyde profiles were determined. Qualitative phytochemical profiles of the studied plant extracts were also determined. The results showed that mice that were treated with the studied plant extracts took significantly shorter transfer latencies, navigation distances, and significantly longer latencies in the target quadrant (NW) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with the negative control mice, indicating cognitive-enhancing activities. Furthermore, cognitively impaired mice that received the studied plant extracts had significantly lower MDA profiles compared with the MDA profile of the negative control group mice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The cognitive-enhancing and MDA profile lowering effects were attributed to the presence of antioxidant phytoconstituents that ought to have modulated the redox state, thereby attenuating brain damage. These extracts can be, therefore, used for the management of cognitive deficits. Further studies leading to isolation and characterization of active molecules for cognitive impairment are recommended. Furthermore, the precise mechanism(s) through which these extracts exert their pharmacologic activity should be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8819045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8819045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39079631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Potential, and Acute Toxicity Study of <i>Thymus leptobotrys</i> Murb. Extracts.","authors":"Asmaa Oubihi,&nbsp;Hanae Hosni,&nbsp;Issmail Nounah,&nbsp;Abdessamad Ettouil,&nbsp;Hicham Harhar,&nbsp;Katim Alaoui,&nbsp;Mohammed Ouhssine,&nbsp;Zineb Guessous","doi":"10.1155/2020/8823209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8823209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Thymus leptobotrys</i> is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, endemic in Morocco, and used in traditional medicine. The present work aims to study the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity, the anti-inflammatory effect, and the toxicity of two ethanolic and methanolic extracts of <i>Thymus leptobotrys</i> aerial part. The yield of the methanolic extraction (22.2%) is higher than that of the ethanolic extraction (15.8%) and is characterized by higher contents of polyphenols 243.08 mg/g GAE (mg/g of gallic acid), flavonoids 179.28 mg/g RE (mg/g of rutin), and tannins 39.31 mg/g CE (mg/g of catechin). The <i>in vitro</i> measurement of antioxidant activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical reduction test and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test demonstrates the higher performance of the methanolic extract. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect <i>in vivo</i> on adult Wistar female rats leads to a very significant decrease in the inflammation of the edema compared to the standard drug (indomethacin) and the control group. The toxicity test reveals that both extracts showed no toxicity within an LD50 above 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8823209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8823209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38452350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}