Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids最新文献

{"title":"Phospholipid isotope tracing suggests β-catenin-driven suppression of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Chad VanSant-Webb ,&nbsp;Hayden K. Low ,&nbsp;Junko Kuramoto ,&nbsp;Claire E. Stanley ,&nbsp;Hantao Qiang ,&nbsp;Audrey Y. Su ,&nbsp;Alexis N. Ross ,&nbsp;Chad G. Cooper ,&nbsp;James E. Cox ,&nbsp;Scott A. Summers ,&nbsp;Kimberley J. Evason ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Ducker","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Activating mutations in the <em>CTNNB1</em> gene encoding β-catenin are among the most frequently observed oncogenic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Profound alterations in lipid metabolism, including increases in fatty acid oxidation and transformation of the phospholipidome, occur in HCC with <em>CTNNB1</em> mutations, but it is unclear what mechanisms give rise to these changes. We employed untargeted lipidomics and targeted isotope tracing to measure phospholipid synthesis activity in an inducible human liver cell line expressing mutant β-catenin, as well as in transgenic zebrafish with activated β-catenin-driven HCC. In both models, activated β-catenin expression was associated with large changes in the lipidome including conserved increases in acylcarnitines and ceramides and decreases in triglycerides. Lipid isotope tracing analysis in human cells revealed a reduction in phosphatidylcholine (PC) production rates as assayed by choline incorporation. We developed lipid isotope tracing analysis for zebrafish tumors and observed reductions in phosphatidylcholine synthesis by both the CDP-choline and PEMT pathways. The observed changes in the β-catenin-driven HCC phospholipidome suggest that zebrafish can recapitulate conserved features of HCC lipid metabolism and may serve as a model for identifying future HCC-specific lipid metabolic targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic and lipidomic landscape of the infrapatellar fat pad and its clinical significance in knee osteoarthritis","authors":"Bizhi Tu ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Peizhi Lu ,&nbsp;Run Fang ,&nbsp;Cheng Peng ,&nbsp;Jun Tong ,&nbsp;Rende Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease that can be exacerbated by lipid metabolism disorders. The intra-articular fat pad (IFP) has emerged as an active participant in the pathological changes of knee OA (KOA). However, the proteomic and lipidomic differences between IFP tissues from KOA and control individuals remain unclear. Samples of IFP were collected from individuals with and without OA (<em>n</em> = 6, n = 6). Subsequently, these samples underwent liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomic and lipidomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and lipid metabolites (DELMs). The DEPs were further subjected to enrichment analysis, and hub DEPs were identified using multiple algorithms. Additionally, an OA diagnostic model was constructed based on the identified hub DEPs or DELMs. Furthermore, CIBERSORT was utilized to investigate the correlation between hub protein expression and immune-related modules in IFP of OA. Our results revealed the presence of 315 DEPs and eight DELMs in IFP of OA patients compared to the control group. Enrichment analysis of DEPs highlighted potential alterations in pathways related to coagulation, complement, fatty acid metabolism, and adipogenesis. The diagnostic model incorporating four hub DEPs (AUC = 0.861) or eight DELMs (AUC = 0.917) exhibited excellent clinical validity for diagnosing OA. Furthermore, the hub DEPs were found to be associated with immune dysfunction in IFP of OA. This study presents a distinct proteomic and lipidomic landscape of IFP between individuals with OA and those without. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular changes associated with potential mechanisms underlying OA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIRT1/AMPK-mediated pathway: Ferulic acid from sugar beet pulp mitigating obesity-induced diabetes-linked complications and improving metabolic health","authors":"Sangeetha S.B. Singh,&nbsp;K. Neelakanteshwar Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of metabolic syndrome due to the high calorie intake. The role of sugar beet pulp (SBP) in T2D and the mechanism of its action remain unclear, though it is abundant in phenolics and has antioxidant activity. In this study, we isolated and purified ferulic acid from SBP, referred to as SBP-E, and studied the underlying molecular mechanisms in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism developing high glucose/high fat diet-induced diabetic models <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. SBP-E showed no cytotoxicity and reduced the oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) in human liver (HepG2) and rat skeletal muscle (L6) cells. It also decreased body weight gain, food intake, fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL), glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and lipid accumulation. Additionally, SBP-E decreased the oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant enzyme levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D mice. Further, SBP-E reduced plasma and liver advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. Importantly, SBP-E significantly elevated AMPK, glucose transporter, SIRT1 activity, and Nrf2 expression and decreased ACC activity and SREBP1 levels in diabetic models. Collectively, our study results suggest that SBP-E treatment can improve obesity-induced T2D by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism via SIRT1/AMPK signalling and the AMPK/SREBP1/ACC1 pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 7","pages":"Article 159511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT/ACAT) activity is required to form cholesterol crystals in hepatocyte lipid droplets","authors":"Jordan A. Bairos ,&nbsp;Uche Njoku ,&nbsp;Maria Zafar ,&nbsp;May G. Akl ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Gunes Parlakgul ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Arruda ,&nbsp;Scott B. Widenmaier","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Excess cholesterol storage can induce the formation of cholesterol crystals in hepatocyte lipid droplets. Such crystals distinguish metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) from simple steatosis and may underlie its pathogenesis by causing cell damage that triggers liver inflammation. The mechanism linking cholesterol excess to its crystallization in lipid droplets is unclear. As cholesteryl esters localize to and accumulate in lipid droplets more readily than unesterified free cholesterol, we investigated whether cholesterol esterification by sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT), also known as acyl co-A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), is required for hepatocyte lipid droplet crystal formation.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Cholesterol crystals were measured in cholesterol loaded Hep3B hepatocytes, RAW264.7 macrophages, and mouse liver using polarizing light microscopy. We examined the effect of blocking SOAT activity on crystal formation and compared these results to features of cholesterol metabolism and the progression to intracellular crystal deposits.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cholesterol loading of Hep3B cells caused robust levels of lipid droplet localized crystal formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Co-treatment with SOAT inhibitors and genetic ablation of <em>SOAT1</em> blocked crystal formation. SOAT inhibitor also blocked crystal formation in low density lipoprotein (LDL) treated Hep3B cells, acetylated LDL treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and in the liver of mice genetically predisposed to hepatic cholesterol overload and in mice with cholesterol enriched diet-induced MASH.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>SOAT1-mediated esterification may underlie cholesterol crystals associated with MASH by concentrating it in lipid droplets. These findings imply that inhibiting hepatocyte SOAT1 may be able to alleviate cholesterol associated MASH. Moreover, that either a lipid droplet localized cholesteryl ester hydrolase is required for cholesterol crystal formation, or the crystals are composed of cholesteryl ester.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198124000623/pdfft?md5=6ae20c50190534efe47379a32a0424e1&pid=1-s2.0-S1388198124000623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of molecular mechanisms by which amyloid β1–42 fibrils exert cell toxicity","authors":"Kiryl Zhaliazka ,&nbsp;Dmitry Kurouski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abrupt aggregation of amyloid β₁_–₄₂ (Aβ₁_–₄₂) peptide in the frontal lobe is the expected underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-Sheet-rich oligomers and fibrils formed by Aβ₁_–₄₂ exert high cell toxicity. A growing body of evidence indicates that lipids can uniquely alter the secondary structure and toxicity of Aβ₁_–₄₂ aggregates. At the same time, underlying molecular mechanisms that determine this difference in toxicity of amyloid aggregates remain unclear. Using a set of molecular and biophysical assays to determine the molecular mechanism by which Aβ₁_–₄₂ aggregates formed in the presence of cholesterol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylcholine exert cell toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that rat neuronal cells exposed to Aβ₁_–₄₂ fibrils formed in the presence of lipids with different chemical structure exert drastically different magnitude and dynamic of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (MT). We found that the opposite dynamics of UPR in MT and ER in the cells exposed to Aβ₁_–₄₂: cardiolipin fibrils and Aβ₁_–₄₂ aggregates formed in a lipid-free environment. We also found that Aβ₁_–₄₂: phosphatidylcholine fibrils upregulated ER UPR simultaneously downregulating the UPR response of MT, whereas Aβ₁_–₄₂: cholesterol fibrils suppressed the UPR response of ER and upregulated UPR response of MT. We also observed progressively increasing ROS production that damages mitochondrial membranes and other cell organelles, ultimately leading to cell death.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The versatile CYP74 clan enzyme CYP440A19 from the European lancelet Branchiostoma lanceolatum biosynthesizes novel macrolactone, epoxydiene, and related oxylipins","authors":"Elena O. Smirnova ,&nbsp;Natalia V. Lantsova ,&nbsp;Mats Hamberg ,&nbsp;Yana Y. Toporkova ,&nbsp;Alexander N. Grechkin","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work reports the detection and cloning of a new CYP74 clan gene of the European lancelet (<em>Branchiostoma lanceolatum</em>) and the biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein CYP440A19. CYP440A19 possessed epoxyalcohol synthase (EAS) activity towards the 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic and α-linolenic acids, which were converted into oxiranylcarbinols, i.e., (11<em>S</em>,12<em>R</em>,13<em>S</em>)-11-hydroxy-12,13-epoxy derivatives. The conversion of 9-hydroperoxides produced distinct products. Linoleic acid 9(<em>S</em>)-hydroperoxide (9-HPOD) was mainly converted into 9,14-diol (10<em>E</em>,12<em>E</em>)-9,14-dihydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid and macrolactone 9(<em>S</em>),10(<em>R</em>)-epoxy-11(<em>E</em>)-octadecen-13(<em>S</em>)-olide. In addition, (8<em>Z</em>)-colneleic acid was formed. Brief incubations of the enzyme with 9-HPOD in a biphasic system of hexane–water enabled the isolation of the short-lived 9,10-epoxydiene (9<em>S</em>,10<em>R</em>,11<em>E</em>,13<em>E</em>)-9,10-epoxy-11,13-octadecadienoic acid. The structure and stereochemistry of the epoxyalcohols, macrolactone, (8<em>Z</em>)-colneleic acid (Me), and 9,10-epoxydiene (Me) were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹H-¹H-COSY, ¹H-¹³C-HSQC, and ¹H-¹³C-HMBC spectroscopy. Macrolactone and <em>cis</em>-9,10-epoxydiene are novel products. The 9-hydroperoxide of α-linolenic acid was mainly converted into macrolactone 9(<em>S</em>),10(<em>R</em>)-epoxy-11(<em>E</em>),15(<em>Z</em>)-octadecadiene-13(<em>S</em>)-olide and a minority of divinyl ethers, particularly (8<em>Z</em>)-colnelenic acid. The versatility of enzyme catalysis, as well as the diversity of CYP74s and other enzymes involved in oxylipin biosynthesis, demonstrates the complexity of the lipoxygenase pathway in lancelets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeast perilipin Pet10p/Pln1p interacts with Erg6p in ergosterol metabolism","authors":"Martina Garaiova ,&nbsp;Yunfeng Ding ,&nbsp;Roman Holic ,&nbsp;Martin Valachovic ,&nbsp;Congyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ivan Hapala ,&nbsp;Pingsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipid droplets (LD) are highly dynamic organelles specialized for the regulation of energy storage and cellular homeostasis. LD consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane with embedded proteins, most of which are involved in lipid homeostasis. In this study, we focused on one of the major LD proteins, sterol C24-methyltransferase, encoded by <em>ERG6</em>. We found that the absence of Erg6p resulted in an increased accumulation of yeast perilipin Pet10p in LD, while the disruption of <em>PET10</em> was accompanied by Erg6p LD over-accumulation. An observed reciprocal enrichment of Erg6p and Pet10p in <em>pet10Δ</em> and <em>erg6Δ</em> mutants in LD, respectively, was related to specific functional changes in the LD and was not due to regulation on the expression level. The involvement of Pet10p in neutral lipid homeostasis was observed in experiments that focused on the dynamics of neutral lipid mobilization as time-dependent changes in the triacylglycerols (TAG) and steryl esters (SE) content. We found that the kinetics of SE hydrolysis was reduced in <em>erg6Δ</em> cells and the mobilization of SE was completely lost in mutants that lacked both Erg6p and Pet10p. In addition, we observed that decreased levels of SE in <em>erg6Δpet10Δ</em> was linked to an overexpression of steryl ester hydrolase Yeh1p. Lipid analysis of <em>erg6Δpet10Δ</em> showed that <em>PET10</em> deletion altered the composition of ergosterol intermediates which had accumulated in <em>erg6Δ</em>. In conclusion, yeast perilipin Pet10p functionally interacts with Erg6p during the metabolism of ergosterol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198124000568/pdfft?md5=e7752e3ecc79495edbc30382d1b70985&pid=1-s2.0-S1388198124000568-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic potential and metabolomic profiling of alkaloid rich fraction of Tylophora indica leaves","authors":"Mohd Adnan Kausar ,&nbsp;Shabana Parveen ,&nbsp;Sadaf Anwar ,&nbsp;Sadaf ,&nbsp;Sheersh Massey ,&nbsp;Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany ,&nbsp;Farida Habib Khan ,&nbsp;Mona Shahein ,&nbsp;Syed Akhtar Husain","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Tylophora indica</em> (Burm f.) Merrill, belong to family Asclepiadaceae, is considered to be a natural remedy with high medicinal benefits. The objective of this work is to assess the metabolomic profile of <em>T. indica</em> leaves enriched in alkaloids, as well as to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity of these leaves using the MTT assay on human breast MCF-7 and liver HepG2 cancer cell lines. Dried leaves of <em>T. indica</em> were extracted by sonication, using methanol containing 2 % (<em>v</em>/v) of acetic acid and obtained fraction was characterized by HPTLC and UPLC-MS. The UPLC-MS study yielded a preliminary identification of 32 metabolites, with tylophorine, tylophorine B, tylophorinine, and tylophorinidine being the predominant metabolites. The cytotoxicity of the extract of <em>T. indica</em> was evaluated on HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, yielding inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 75.71 μg/mL and 69.60 μg/mL, respectively. Data suggested that the phytochemical screening clearly showed presence of numerous secondary metabolites with moderate cytotoxic efficacy. In conclusion, the future prospects of <em>T. indica</em> appear promising for the advancement of phytopharmaceutical-based anticancer medications, as well as for the design of contemporary pharmaceuticals in the field of cancer chemotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140903474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A complete biosynthetic pathway of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in an amphidromous fish, ayu sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis (Stomiati; Osmeriformes)","authors":"Bo Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingying Peng ,&nbsp;Yuki Itakura ,&nbsp;Myriam Lizanda ,&nbsp;Yutaka Haga ,&nbsp;Shuichi Satoh ,&nbsp;Juan C. Navarro ,&nbsp;Óscar Monroig ,&nbsp;Naoki Kabeya","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biosynthetic capability of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in teleosts are highly diversified due to evolutionary events such as gene loss and subsequent neo- and/or sub-functionalisation of enzymes encoded by existing genes. In the present study, we have comprehensively characterised genes potentially involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, namely one front-end desaturase (<em>fads2</em>) and eight fatty acid elongases (<em>elovl1a</em>, <em>elovl1b</em>, <em>elovl4a</em>, <em>elovl4b</em>, <em>elovl5</em>, <em>elovl7</em>, <em>elovl8a</em> and <em>elovl8b</em>) from an amphidromous teleost, Ayu sweetfish, <em>Plecoglossus altivelis</em>. Functional analysis confirmed Fads2 with Δ6, Δ5 and Δ8 desaturase activities towards multiple PUFA substrates and several Elovl enzymes exhibited elongation capacities towards C_18–20 or C_18–22 PUFA substrates. Consequently, <em>P. altivelis</em> possesses a complete enzymatic capability to synthesise physiologically important LC-PUFA including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) from their C₁₈ precursors. Interestingly, the loss of <em>elovl2</em> gene in <em>P. altivelis</em> was corroborated by genomic and phylogenetic analyses. However, this constraint would possibly be overcome by the function of alternative Elovl enzymes, such as Elovl1b, which has not hitherto been functionally characterised in teleosts. The present study contributes novel insights into LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the relatively understudied teleost group, Osmeriformes (Stomiati), thereby enhancing our understanding of the complement of LC-PUFA biosynthetic genes within teleosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 6","pages":"Article 159498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140824817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in lipid metabolism accompanied by changes in protein and carotenoid content as spectroscopic markers of human T cell activation","authors":"Aleksandra Borek-Dorosz ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Nowakowska ,&nbsp;Paulina Laskowska ,&nbsp;Maciej Szydłowski ,&nbsp;William Tipping ,&nbsp;Duncan Graham ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Wiktorska ,&nbsp;Przemyslaw Juszczynski ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Baranska ,&nbsp;Piotr Mrowka ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Majzner","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to understand better the mechanism of cellular processes accompanying the activation of human T cells and to develop a novel, fast, label-free approach to identify molecular biomarkers for this process. The standard methodology for confirming the activation state of T cells is based on flow cytometry and using antibodies recognizing activation markers. The method provide high specificity detection but may be susceptible to background staining or non-specific secondary antibody reactions. Here, we evaluated the potential of Raman-based molecular imaging in distinguishing non-activated and activated human T cells. Confocal Raman microscopy was performed on T cells followed by chemometrics to obtain comprehensive molecular information, while Stimulated Raman Scattering imaging was used to quickly provide high-resolution images of selected cellular components of activated and non-activated cells. For the first time, carotenoids, lipids, and proteins were shown to be important biomarkers of T-cell activation. We found that T-cell activation was accompanied by lipid accumulation and loss of carotenoid content. Our findings on the biochemical, morphological, and structural changes associated with activated mature T cells provide insights into the molecular changes that occur during therapeutic manipulation of the immune response. The methodology for identifying activated T cells is based on a novel imaging method and supervised and unsupervised chemometrics. It unambiguously identifies specific and unique molecular changes without the need for staining, fixation, or any other sample preparation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":"1869 5","pages":"Article 159496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}