Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface.","authors":"Bob Kyeyune, Philipp Rahe, Michael Reichling","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.72","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate the impact of tip changes on atomic-scale non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) contrast formation when imaging a CaF₂(111) surface. A change of the atomic contrast is explained by a polarity change of the tip-terminating cluster or by a polarity-preserving tip change via the re-arrangement of the foremost atoms. Based on the established understanding of the unique contrast patterns on CaF₂(111), polarity-preserving and polarity-changing tip changes can be identified unambiguously. From analyzing a large set of images, we find that the vast majority of tip changes tend to result in negative tip termination. This analysis delivers hints for tip configurations suitable for stable imaging of CaF₂(111) surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"944-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes.","authors":"Navya Kumari Tenkayala, Chandan Kumar Maity, Md Moniruzzaman, Subramani Devaraju","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.71","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, biowaste- (from <i>Pongammia pinnata</i> leaves) derived carbon dots (CDs) have been utilized as a mediator for the production of silver nanoparticles (PG-CDs-AgNPs) as a superior supercapacitor electrode. The methodology presented here is inexpensive and environmentally friendly as CDs play a role as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent without addition of any chemicals. PG-CDs-AgNPs showed a particle size of 10 nm having excellent fluorescence emission in the blue region, and it has been explored as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The as-synthesized PG-CDs-AgNPs electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 540 F/g in a three-electrode study. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device with PG-CDs-AgNPs as the positive electrode reached the maximum specific capacitance of 200 F/g having a superior energy density of 71 W·h/kg at 1.5 A/g. Even at a high current density of 4 A/g, the ASC device reached a specific capacitance of 175 F/g, reinforcing its capability. The method described here provides a straightforward green approach towards biowaste-derived CD-mediated synthesis of AgNPs to produce efficient supercapacitor electrodes for energy storing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"933-943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite.","authors":"Sumanta Sahoo, Ankur Sood, Sung Soo Han","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.70","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-assisted microwave (MW) synthesis of metal-oxide-based binary and ternary nanocomposites has recently gained considerable research attention. In this context, the current work demonstrates a facile rGO-supported solid-state MW synthetic route for fabricating a ternary nanocomposite of VO₂, Fe₂O₃, and rGO. Here, the MW irradiation for 90 s was found to be suitable for the reduction and exfoliation of graphite oxide to form rGO, the reduction of V₂O₅ to form VO_2, and the formation of Fe₂O₃ from ferrocene. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm the formation of distinct metal oxides in the presence of rGO. Furthermore, the morphological analysis reveals the deposition of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and VO₂ nanorods on the 2D rGO surface. Notably, the ternary composite displayed good magnetic properties for its potential biomedical applications. Overall, this work explores an efficient and cost-effective synthetic approach for developing graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"921-932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source.","authors":"Thomas Henning Loeber, Bert Laegel, Meltem Sezen, Feray Bakan Misirlioglu, Edgar J D Vredenbregt, Yang Li","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.69","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to precise milling, the deposition of material at a specific location on a sample surface is a frequently used process of focused ion beam (FIB) systems. Here, we report on the deposition of platinum (Pt) with a new kind of cesium (Cs) FIB, in which the cesium ions are produced by a low-temperature ion source. Platinum was deposited at different acceleration voltages and ion beam currents. Deposition rate, material composition, and electrical resistivity were examined and compared with layers deposited at comparable settings with a standard gallium (Ga) FIB. The deposition rate is found to depend linearly on the current density. The rate is comparable for Cs⁺ and Ga⁺ under similar conditions, but the deposit has lower Pt content for Cs⁺. The electrical resistivity of the deposit is found to be higher for Cs⁺ than for Ga⁺ and decreasing with increasing acceleration voltage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"910-920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS.","authors":"Olga V Sedelnikova, Yuliya V Fedoseeva, Dmitriy V Gorodetskiy, Yuri N Palyanov, Elena V Shlyakhova, Eugene A Maksimovskiy, Anna A Makarova, Lyubov G Bulusheva, Aleksandr V Okotrub","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.67","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlling high-temperature graphitization of diamond surfaces is important for many applications, which require the formation of thin conductive electrodes on dielectric substrates. Transition metal catalysts can facilitate the graphitization process, which depends on the diamond face orientation. In the present work, the role of a nickel coating on the electronic structure and chemical state of graphite layers formed on the surface of a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) film with mixed grain orientation was studied. A synthetic single-crystal diamond (SCD) with a polished (110) face was examined for comparison. The samples were coated with a thin nickel film deposited by thermal evaporation. The graphitization of diamond with and without a nickel coating as a result of high-vacuum annealing at a temperature of about 1100 °C was studied in situ using synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) methods. XPS data revealed the formation of a thin graphite-like film with low-ordered atomic structure on the surface of the nickel-coated PCD film. The chemical state of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms was found to be insensitive to the face orientation of the diamond micro-sized crystallites; however, the layer defectiveness increased in areas with fine-dispersed crystallites. According to NEXAFS and Raman spectroscopy data, the most ordered atomic structure of graphitic layers was obtained by annealing nickel-coated SCD. The angular dependence of NEXAFS C K-edge spectra of nickel-coated (110) face after annealing discovered the vertical orientation of sp²-hybridized carbon layers relative to the diamond surface. The observed behavior suggests that sp² carbon layers were formed on the diamond surface due to its saturation by released carbon atoms as a result of etching by nickel.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"887-898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering.","authors":"Shankar Dutt, Rudradeep Chakraborty, Christian Notthoff, Pablo Mota-Santiago, Christina Trautmann, Patrick Kluth","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.68","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conical nanopores in amorphous SiO₂ thin films fabricated using the ion track etching technique show promising potential for filtration, sensing, and nanofluidic applications. The characterization of the pore morphology and size distribution, along with its dependence on the material properties and fabrication parameters, is crucial to designing nanopore systems for specific applications. Here, we present a comprehensive study of track-etched nanopores in thermal and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposited (PECVD) SiO₂ using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The nanopores were fabricated by irradiating the samples with 89 MeV, 185 MeV, and 1.6 GeV Au ions, followed by hydrofluoric acid etching. We present a new approach for analyzing the complex highly anisotropic two-dimensional SAXS patterns of the pores by reducing the analysis to two orthogonal one-dimensional slices of the data. The simultaneous fit of the data enables an accurate determination of the pore geometry and size distribution. The analysis reveals substantial differences between the nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂. The track-to-bulk etching rate ratio is significantly different for the two materials, producing nanopores with cone angles that differ by almost a factor of two. Furthermore, thermal SiO₂ exhibits an exceptionally narrow size distribution of only 2-4%, while PECVD SiO₂ shows a higher variation ranging from 8% to 18%. The impact of different ion energies on the size of the nanopores was also investigated for pores in PECVD SiO₂ and shows only negligible influence. These findings provide crucial insights for the controlled fabrication of conical nanopores in different materials, which is essential for optimizing membrane performance in applications that require precise pore geometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties.","authors":"Manu Bura, Divya Gupta, Arun Kumar, Sanjeev Aggarwal","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.66","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radio frequency-sputtered zinc oxide films are implanted with 30 keV Ar⁺ ions at various fluences ranging from 1 × 10¹⁵ to 2 × 10¹⁶ ions·cm^-2. Raman spectra reveal the presence of the E₂ (low), E₂ (high), and A₁ (LO) Raman modes in pristine and implanted ZnO films. A gradual fall and rise in peak intensity of, respectively, the E₂ (high) and A₁ (LO) Raman modes is observed with increases in ion fluence. However, the E₂ (low) mode broadens and merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A₁ (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed in grazing incidence angle X-ray diffraction patterns. Atomic force microscopy images show grain size reduction and a fall in the surface roughness value of films after implantation. The implantation-induced structural modifications are further correlated with the variation in diffuse reflectance, Urbach energy, and optical bandgap. The low reflectance values of implanted films assure their suitability as transparent windows and anti-reflective coating in various optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"872-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources.","authors":"Paola Luches, Federico Boscherini","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.65","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-brilliance light sources, such as synchrotrons and free-electron lasers, allow researchers to probe the structural, electronic, and dynamic properties of functional materials at an unprecedented level of detail. Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, can reveal atomic-scale information about material behavior under different conditions. This thorough understanding can be leveraged to optimize materials for various applications, including energy storage, catalysis, and electronics. This review focuses on cerium oxide, an important material for catalytic and energy applications, examining the application of high-brilliance light sources on model systems such as supported thin films and epitaxial nanostructures. We review selected studies exploiting the high energy resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to explain the factors influencing the material's reducibility, with particular focus on dimensionality effects and on metal-oxide interaction, and the interaction with molecules. The potential of studies conducted under ambient pressure conditions is highlighted, and, finally, the perspectives offered by the ultrahigh brilliance and ultrashort free-electron laser pulses for dynamic studies of the processes that take place upon photoexcitation are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"860-871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon.","authors":"Alexander V Okotrub, Anastasiya D Fedorenko, Anna A Makarova, Veronica S Sulyaeva, Yuliya V Fedoseeva, Lyubov G Bulusheva","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.64","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybrid materials consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and graphitic-like carbon have great potential for practical application as anodes in high-performance sodium-ion batteries. In this work, to reveal the effect of carbon coating on the interaction of sodium with the MoS₂ layers located vertically relative to the substrate, model experiments were carried out using synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sodium vapor obtained by heating a sodium source was simultaneously deposited in vacuum on the surfaces of MoS₂, pyrolytic carbon, and a hybrid sample obtained by transferring a pyrolytic carbon film onto the MoS₂ film. According to XPS data, sodium easily penetrates into the space between the vertical layers of the uncoated film, and its interaction with MoS₂ leads to the transformation of the original hexagonal structure into a distorted tetragonal one. Under the experimental conditions, sodium is unable to diffuse through the carbon film consisting of horizontally oriented graphene domains and is almost completely removed by annealing the sample at 773 K in ultrahigh vacuum. The presence of the underlying MoS₂ film facilitates the diffusion of sodium through the graphitic coating, but not all of the deposited sodium reaches MoS₂. As a result, the sodium-induced rearrangement of the carbon-coated MoS₂ is less than that of the free MoS₂ film, and annealing of the sodiated sample restores its structure. The obtained results demonstrate the important role of the graphitic coating in the development of viable MoS₂-based electrodes for energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"847-859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction.","authors":"Ha Huu Do, Khac Binh Nguyen, Phuong N Nguyen, Hoai Phuong Pham","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.63","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advancement of affordable, ultrastable, and efficient electrode materials for basic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays a crucial role in industrial hydrogen manufacture, resolving problems caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Ni-based electrocatalysts have been well accepted as potential candidates to replace Pt-based electrocatalysts for HER because of their suitable Gibbs free hydrogen adsorption energy, good intrinsic catalytic properties, and high stability. However, solution-based synthetic approaches can be highly harmful to human beings. In this study, Ni/NiO nanolayers were prepared on stainless steel (SS) via a facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering with various O₂ flow rates. The O₂ flow rate not only changed the crystal phase but also affected the morphology and atomic ratio of materials, leading to optimized HER efficiency. The evaluation of catalytic activities revealed that the optimal sample of Ni/NiO/SS-10 displayed a higher HER performance than bare SS. To produce H₂ at a current density of 10 mA·cm^-2, this electrode required a low overpotential of 184 mV and demonstrated remarkable durability over 12 h of operation. The high efficiency is attributed to the collaborative work of the NiO and Ni metal components and the good electrical conductivity of SS, which is advantageous for dissociative adsorption of water molecules, recombination of hydrogen atoms, and improvement of electronic/ionic motion. This work may introduce a facile and eco-friendly strategy for fabricating noble metal-free, efficient nanomaterials for electrocatalytic HER.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"837-846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}