Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures","authors":"Leo Sala, Agnes Zerolová, Violaine Vizcaino, Alain Mery, A. Domaracka, Hermann Rothard, P. Boduch, Dominik Pinkas, J. Kočišek","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.20","url":null,"abstract":"DNA origami nanostructures are emerging as a bottom-up nanopatterning approach. Direct combination of this approach with top-down nanotechnology, such as ion beams, has not been considered because of the soft nature of the DNA material. Here we demonstrate that the shape of 2D DNA origami nanostructures deposited on Si substrates is well preserved upon irradiation by ion beams, modeling ion implantation, lithography, and sputtering conditions. Structural changes in 2D DNA origami nanostructures deposited on Si are analyzed using AFM imaging. The observed effects on DNA origami include structure height decrease or increase upon fast heavy ion irradiation in vacuum and in air, respectively. Slow- and medium-energy heavy ion irradiation results in the cutting of the nanostructures or crater formation with ion-induced damage in the 10 nm range around the primary ion track. In all these cases, the designed shape of the 2D origami nanostructure remains unperturbed. Present stability and nature of damages on DNA origami nanostructures enable fusion of DNA origami advantages such as shape and positioning control into novel ion beam nanofabrication approaches.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching - unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates.","authors":"Aleksandra Szkudlarek, Jan M Michalik, Inés Serrano-Esparza, Zdeněk Nováček, Veronika Novotná, Piotr Ozga, Czesław Kapusta, José María De Teresa","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.18","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene is one of the most extensively studied 2D materials, exhibiting extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties. Although many years have passed since its discovery, manipulating single graphene layers is still challenging using standard resist-based lithography techniques. Recently, it has been shown that it is possible to etch graphene directly in water-assisted processes using the so-called focused electron-beam-induced etching (FEBIE), with a spatial resolution of ten nanometers. Nanopatterning graphene with such a method in one single step and without using a physical mask or resist is a very appealing approach. During the process, on top of graphene nanopatterning, we have found significant morphological changes induced in the SiO₂ substrate even at low electron dose values (<8 nC/μm²). We demonstrate that graphene etching and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates can be controlled via electron beam parameters such as dwell time and dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics.","authors":"Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong, Hong-Phuc Nguyen, Loc Le-Tuan, Xuan-Thang Cao, Vy Tran-Anh, Hieu Vu Quang","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.17","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theragnostics has become a popular term nowadays, since it enables both diagnosis and therapy at the same time while only using one carrier platform. Therefore, formulating a nanocarrier system that could serve as theragnostic agent by using simple techniques would be an advantage during production. In this project, we aimed to develop a nanocarrier that can be loaded with the chemotherapeutic medication chlorambucil and magnetic resonance imaging agents (e.g., iron oxide nanoparticles and near-infrared fluorophore IR780) for theragnostics. Poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) was combined with the aforementioned ingredients to generate poly(vinyl alcohol)-based nanoparticles (NPs) using the single emulsion technique. Then the NPs were coated with F127 and F127-folate by simple incubation for five days. The nanoparticles have the hydrodynamic size of approx. 250 nm with negative charge. Similar to chlorambucil and IR780, iron oxide loadings were observed for all three kinds of NPs. The release of chlorambucil was quicker at pH 5.4 than at pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The F127@NPs and F127-folate@NPs demonstrated much greater cell uptake and toxicity up to 72 h after incubation. Our in vitro results of F127@NPs and F127-folate@NPs have demonstrated the ability of these systems to serve as medication and imaging agent carriers for cancer treatment and diagnostics, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites.","authors":"Nghiem Thi Thuong, Le Dinh Quang, Vu Quoc Cuong, Cao Hong Ha, Nguyen Ba Lam, Seiichi Kawahara","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.16","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modification of graphene oxide (GO) by vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) was investigated to study the effect of silanized GO on radical graft copolymerization of GO onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR). The modified GO, GO-VTES (a and b), was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed the appearance of an amorphous region of silica particles at a diffraction angle of 22°. The formation of silica was investigated by ²⁹Si NMR, and it was found that the hydrolysis and condensation of VTES proceed more completely in basic conditions than in acidic conditions. The silica content of GO-VTES(b) was 43%, which is higher than that of GO-VTES(a) (8%). Morphology of silica was observed by SEM. The DPNR/GO-VTES nanocomposites prepared with the same amount of GO, GO-VTES(a), and GO-VTES(b) were characterized with tensile tests and dynamic mechanical tests. The stress at break of DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) was 5.2 MPa and 4.3 MPa, respectively, which were lower than that of DPNR/GO. However, it exhibited higher stress at small strains and higher storage modulus than DPNR/GO.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains.","authors":"Elizaveta M Gubanova, Nikolai A Usov","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.15","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of oriented and non-oriented assemblies of linear magnetosome chains are calculated by solving the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation. The dependence of the shape of the FMR spectrum of a dilute assembly of chains on the particle diameter, the number of particles in a chain, the distance between the centers of neighboring particles, the mutual orientation of the cubic axes of particle anisotropy, and the value of the magnetic damping constant is studied. It is shown that FMR spectra of non-oriented chain assemblies depend on the average particle diameter at a fixed thickness of the lipid magnetosome membrane, as well as on the value of the magnetic damping constant. At the same time, they are practically independent of the number <i>N</i>_p of particles in the chain under the condition <i>N</i>_p ≥ 10. The FMR spectra of non-oriented assemblies of magnetosome chains are compared with that of random clusters of interacting spherical magnetite nanoparticles. The shape of FMR spectra of both assemblies is shown to differ appreciably even at sufficiently large values of filling density of random clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics.","authors":"Gabriela Lewińska, Piotr Jeleń, Zofia Kucia, Maciej Sitarz, Łukasz Walczak, Bartłomiej Szafraniak, Jerzy Sanetra, Konstanty W Marszalek","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.14","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic solar cells are a promising candidate for practical use because of their low material cost and simple production procedures. The challenge is selecting materials with the right properties and how they interrelate in the context of manufacturing the device. This paper presents studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer-fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion relations of refractive indices and extinction coefficient were investigated. The morphologies of the thin films were studied with atomic force microscopy. The chemical boundaries of the ternary layers were determined by Raman spectroscopy. Based on UPS studies, the energy diagram of the potential devices was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36-1.45% compared to those without quantum dots.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10840543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling.","authors":"Mustafa Kangül, Navid Asmari, Santiago H Andany, Marcos Penedo, Georg E Fantner","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.13","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes that operate at frequencies far away from the resonance frequency of the cantilever (off-resonance tapping (ORT) modes) can provide high-resolution imaging of a wide range of sample types, including biological samples, soft polymers, and hard materials. These modes offer precise and stable control of vertical force, as well as reduced lateral force. Simultaneously, they enable mechanical property mapping of the sample. However, ORT modes have an intrinsic drawback: a low scan speed due to the limited ORT rate, generally in the low-kilohertz range. Here, we analyze how the conventional ORT control method limits the topography tracking quality and hence the imaging speed. The closed-loop controller in conventional ORT restricts the sampling rate to the ORT rate and introduces a large closed-loop delay. We present an alternative ORT control method in which the closed-loop controller samples and tracks the vertical force changes during a defined time window of the tip-sample interaction. Through this, we use multiple samples in the proximity of the maximum force for the feedback loop, rather than only one sample at the maximum force instant. This method leads to improved topography tracking at a given ORT rate and therefore enables higher scan rates while refining the mechanical property mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10840551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide.","authors":"Aleksandrs Dutovs, Raimonds Popļausks, Oskars Putāns, Vladislavs Perkanuks, Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė, Tomas Tamulevičius, Uldis Malinovskis, Iryna Olyshevets, Donats Erts, Juris Prikulis","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.12","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO), sometimes referred to as nanoporous anodic alumina, serves as a cost-effective template for nanofabrication in many fields of science and engineering. However, production of ultrathin PAAO membranes with precise thickness in the optical sub-wavelength range remains challenging because of difficulties regarding process control at the initial stage of anodic oxidation. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for consistently manufacturing PAAO with the targeted thickness. An electrochemical cell with an optical window was designed for reflectance spectroscopy of PAAO during anodization. Real-time fitting of spectra to a transfer-matrix model enabled continuous monitoring of the thickness growth of the PAAO layer. Automation software was designed to terminate the anodization process at preset PAAO thickness values. While the concept was illustrated using the widely used method of anodization in a 0.3 M oxalic acid electrolyte with a 40 V potential, it can be readily customized for other protocols. PAAO layers with effective thickness below 300 nm could be produced with a few nanometers accuracy using single-crystal aluminum substrates. The results were confirmed using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The method for controlling the thickness during anodization eliminates the necessity of sample sectioning for electron microscopy and is particularly valuable for the small-scale production of PAAO-based functional optical coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10840541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions","authors":"Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha, N. Adassooriya, Nazeera Salim","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.11","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating release of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into the environment poses a substantial threat, potentially leading to increased concentrations of zinc (Zn) in the soil and subsequent phytotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ZnO NPs on Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) concerning its tolerance levels, toxicity, and accumulation. ZnO NPs were synthesized by the wet chemical method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of ZnO NPs (70 nm) on R. sativus grown in coir was evaluated. The application of 1,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in soluble protein content, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b), total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and antioxidants by 24.7%, 58.5%, 38.0%, 42.2%, 39.9%, 11.2%, and 7.7%, respectively. Interestingly, this dose had no impact on the indole acetic acid (IAA) content. Conversely, the use of 2,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs in the same medium led to a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in soluble protein content by 23.1%, accompanied by a notable increase in IAA by 31.1%, indicating potential toxicity. The use of atomic absorption spectroscopy confirmed the internalization of zinc in seedlings, with a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05). In control plants without ZnO NPs, Zn concentration was 0.36 mg/g, while at the highest ZnO NPs tested dose of 10,000 mg/L, it significantly rose to 1.76 mg/g, causing leaf chlorosis and stunted seedling growth. This suggests potential health risks related to Zn toxicity for consumers. Given the adverse effects on R. sativus at concentrations above 1000 mg/L, caution is advised in the application and release of ZnO NPs, highlighting the importance of responsible practices to mitigate harm to plant life and consumer health. The study demonstrated the tolerance of R. sativus to high Zn levels, classifying it as a Zn-tolerant species.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>.","authors":"Jonatas L Duarte, Leonardo Delello Di Filippo, Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira, Rafael Miguel Sábio, Gabriel Davi Marena, Tais Maria Bauab, Cristiane Duque, Vincent Corbel, Marlus Chorilli","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.10","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based insecticides offer advantages such as negligible residual effects, reduced risks to both humans and the environment, and immunity to resistance issues that plague conventional chemicals. However, the practical use of monoterpenes in insect control has been hampered by challenges including their poor solubility and stability in aqueous environments. In recent years, the application of nanotechnology-based formulations, specifically nanoemulsions, has emerged as a prospective strategy to surmount these obstacles. In this study, we developed and characterized nanoemulsions based on cymene and myrcene and assessed their toxicity both in vitro using human keratinocytes (HaCAT) cells and in an in vivo model involving <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. Additionally, we investigated the insecticidal efficacy of monoterpenes against the mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, the primary dengue vector, via larval bioassay. Employing a low-energy approach, we successfully generated nanoemulsions. The cymene-based nanoemulsion exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 98 nm and a zeta potential of -25 mV. The myrcene-based nanoemulsion displayed a hydrodynamic diameter of 118 nm and a zeta potential of -20 mV. Notably, both nanoemulsions demonstrated stability over 60 days, accompanied by controlled release properties and low toxicity towards HaCAT cells and <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. Moreover, the nanoemulsions exhibited significant lethality against third-instar <i>Aedes aegypti</i> larvae at a concentration of 50 mg/L. In conclusion, the utilization of nanoemulsions encapsulating cymene and myrcene presents a promising avenue for overcoming the limitations associated with poor solubility and stability of monoterpenes. This study sheds light on the potential of the nanoemulsions as effective and environmentally friendly insecticides in the ongoing battle against mosquito-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}