{"title":"Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems.","authors":"Agnes-Valencia Weiss, Marc Schneider","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.95","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.14.95","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticles have shown an enormous potential as drug delivery systems in the lab. However, translation to the clinics or even market approval often fails. So far, the reason for this discrepancy is manifold. Physicochemical properties such as size, surface potential, and surface chemistry are in focus of research for many years. Other equally important parameters, influencing whether a successful drug delivery can be achieved, are mechanical properties of nanoparticles. Even though this is often not even considered during formulation development, and it is not requested for approval, an increasing number of studies show that it is important to have knowledge about these characteristics. In this article, we discuss examples highlighting the influence of elasticity in nanoscale biological interactions focusing on mucosal delivery and on tumor targeting. Besides this, we discuss the influence of different measurement settings using atomic force microscopy for the determination of mechanical properties of drug carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1149-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
François Piquemal, Khaled Kaja, Pascal Chrétien, José Morán-Meza, Frédéric Houzé, Christian Ulysse, Abdelmounaim Harouri
{"title":"A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements.","authors":"François Piquemal, Khaled Kaja, Pascal Chrétien, José Morán-Meza, Frédéric Houzé, Christian Ulysse, Abdelmounaim Harouri","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.94","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.14.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring resistances at the nanoscale has attracted recent attention for developing microelectronic components, memory devices, molecular electronics, and two-dimensional materials. Despite the decisive contribution of scanning probe microscopy in imaging resistance and current variations, measurements have remained restricted to qualitative comparisons. Reference resistance calibration samples are key to advancing the research-to-manufacturing process of nanoscale devices and materials through calibrated, reliable, and comparable measurements. No such calibration reference samples have been proposed so far. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a multi-resistance reference sample for calibrating resistance measurements in conductive probe atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) covering the range from 100 Ω to 100 GΩ. We present a comprehensive protocol for in situ calibration of the whole measurement circuit encompassing the tip, the current sensing device, and the system controller. Furthermore, we show that our developed resistance reference enables the calibration of C-AFM with a combined relative uncertainty (given at one standard deviation) lower than 2.5% over an extended range from 10 kΩ to 100 GΩ and lower than 1% for a reduced range from 1 MΩ to 50 GΩ. Our findings break through the long-standing bottleneck in C-AFM measurements, providing a universal means for adopting calibrated resistance measurements at the nanoscale in the industrial and academic research and development sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1141-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study.","authors":"Nittiya Suwannasom, Netsai Sriaksorn, Chutamas Thepmalee, Krissana Khoothiam, Ausanai Prapan, Hans Bäumler, Chonthida Thephinlap","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.93","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.14.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic compound, shows promising biological properties, particularly antioxidant activity. However, its medical applications are limited due to its low water solubility, bioavailability, and pH-instability. CUR-loaded albumin microparticles (CUR-HSA-MPs) of submicron size in the range of 800 to 900 nm and a zeta potential of -15 mV were prepared. The CUR loading efficiency was up to 65%. A maximum release of 37% of the encapsulated CUR was observed within 6 h when the CUR-HSA-MPs were dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, while in RPMI 1640 medium the release was 7%. This demonstrates a sustainable release. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CUR-HSA-MPs showed promising anticancer potential against human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, although this effect was less pronounced in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFB) and human cholangiocyte (MMN) cell lines. Confocal microscopy was used to confirm the uptake of CUR-HSA-MPs by cancer cells. Our studies revealed that HSA-MPs are potentially promising vehicles for increasing the solubility and bioavailability of CUR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1127-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dmitrii S Pashin, Pavel V Pikunov, Marina V Bastrakova, Andrey E Schegolev, Nikolay V Klenov, Igor I Soloviev
{"title":"A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron.","authors":"Dmitrii S Pashin, Pavel V Pikunov, Marina V Bastrakova, Andrey E Schegolev, Nikolay V Klenov, Igor I Soloviev","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.92","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.14.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Josephson digital or analog ancillary circuits are an essential part of a large number of modern quantum processors. The natural candidate for the basis of tuning, coupling, and neromorphic co-processing elements for processors based on flux qubits is the adiabatic (reversible) superconducting logic cell. Using the simplest implementation of such a cell as an example, we have investigated the conditions under which it can optionally operate as an auxiliary qubit while maintaining its \"classical\" neural functionality. The performance and temperature regime estimates obtained confirm the possibility of practical use of a single-contact inductively shunted interferometer in a quantum mode in adjustment circuits for q-processors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1116-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lany S Araujo-Yépez, Juan O Tigrero-Salas, Vicente A Delgado-Rodríguez, Vladimir A Aguirre-Yela, Josué N Villota-Méndez
{"title":"Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i>.","authors":"Lany S Araujo-Yépez, Juan O Tigrero-Salas, Vicente A Delgado-Rodríguez, Vladimir A Aguirre-Yela, Josué N Villota-Méndez","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this research was to synthesize nanocomposites consisting of sulfur nanoparticles coated with eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils to determine the insecticidal effect in the control of nymphs of paratrioza (<i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae)) in potato crops. A solution of thiosulfate was reduced to elemental sulfur, and the sulfur nanoparticles were coated with eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils with the three concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The samples were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The insecticidal efficacy of the nanocomposites was evaluated in the entomology laboratory 24, 48, and 72 h after application. Furthermore, efficacy was compared to the commercial insecticide thiamethoxam (0.25%) and a control. The results show that eucalyptus nanocomposites with oil concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% and rosemary nanocomposites with an oil concentration of 0.5% have an insecticidal efficacy of 100% for the control of insect nymphs 24 h after application. The insecticidal efficacy of rosemary nanocomposites with oil concentrations of 0.25% and 0.75% increases over time and reaches 100% at 24 and 72 h, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites are more effective in controlling nymphs of paratrioza than the commercial insecticide thiamethoxam; thus, they could be used for the development of new insecticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1106-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Sikora, Małgorzata Sternik, Benedykt R Jany, Franciszek Krok, Przemysław Piekarz, Andrzej M Oleś
{"title":"Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces.","authors":"Olga Sikora, Małgorzata Sternik, Benedykt R Jany, Franciszek Krok, Przemysław Piekarz, Andrzej M Oleś","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, nanostructures with hexagonal polytypes of gold have been synthesised, opening new possibilities in nanoscience and nanotechnology. As bulk gold crystallizes in the fcc phase, surface effects can play an important role in stabilizing hexagonal gold nanostructures. Here, we investigate several heterostructures with Ge substrates, including the fcc and hcp phases of gold that have been observed experimentally. We determine and discuss their interfacial energies and optimized atomic arrangements, comparing the theory results with available experimental data. Our DFT calculations for the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) junction show how the presence of defects in the interface layer can help to stabilize the atomic pattern, consistent with microscopic images. Although the Au-hcp/Ge interface is characterized by a similar interface energy, it reveals large atomic displacements due to significant mismatch. Finally, analyzing the electronic properties, we demonstrate that Au/Ge systems have metallic character, but covalent-like bonding states between interfacial Ge and Au atoms are also present.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1093-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10679839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristjan Kalam, Peeter Ritslaid, Tanel Käämbre, Aile Tamm, Kaupo Kukli
{"title":"Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone","authors":"Kristjan Kalam, Peeter Ritslaid, Tanel Käämbre, Aile Tamm, Kaupo Kukli","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.89","url":null,"abstract":"Polycrystalline SnO 2 thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on SiO 2 /Si(100) substrates from SnI 4 and O 3 . Suitable evaporation temperatures for the SnI 4 precursor as well as the relationship between growth per cycle and substrate temperature were determined. Crystal growth in the films in the temperature range of 225–600 °C was identified. Spectroscopic analyses revealed low amounts of residual iodine and implied the formation of single-phase oxide in the films grown at temperatures above 300 °C. Appropriateness of the mentioned precursor system to the preparation of SnO 2 films was established.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"53 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Grévin, Fatima Husainy, Dmitry Aldakov, Cyril Aumaître
{"title":"Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy","authors":"Benjamin Grévin, Fatima Husainy, Dmitry Aldakov, Cyril Aumaître","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.88","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new open-loop implementation of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) that provides access to the Fourier spectrum of the time-periodic surface electrostatic potential generated under optical (or electrical) pumping with an atomic force microscope. The modulus and phase coefficients are probed by exploiting a double heterodyne frequency mixing effect between the mechanical oscillation of the cantilever, modulated components of the time-periodic electrostatic potential at harmonic frequencies of the pump, and an ac bias modulation signal. Each harmonic can be selectively transferred to the second cantilever eigenmode. We show how phase coherent sideband generation and signal demodulation at the second eigenmode can be achieved by using two numerical lock-in amplifiers configured in cascade. Dual-heterodyne KPFM (DHe-KPFM) can be used to map any harmonic (amplitude/phase) of the time-periodic surface potential at a standard scanning speed. The Fourier spectrum (series of harmonics) can also be recorded in spectroscopic mode (DHe-KPFM spectroscopy), and 2D dynamic images can be acquired in data cube mode. The capabilities of DHe-KPFM in terms of time-resolved measurements, surface photovoltage (SPV) imaging, and detection of weak SPV signals are demonstrated through a series of experiments on difference surfaces: a reference substrate, a bulk organic photovoltaic heterojunction thin film, and an optoelectronic interface obtained by depositing caesium lead bromide perovskite nanosheets on a graphite surface. The conclusion provides perspectives for future improvements and applications.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"212 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination","authors":"Zeinab Eftekhari, Nasim Rezaei, Hidde Stokkel, Jian-Yao Zheng, Andrea Cerreta, Ilka Hermes, Minh Nguyen, Guus Rijnders, Rebecca Saive","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.87","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a silicon photodiode integrated with a piezoelectric membrane is studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) under modulated illumination. Time-dependent KPFM enables simultaneous quantification of the surface photovoltage generated by the photodiode as well as the resulting mechanical oscillation of the piezoelectric membrane with vertical atomic resolution in real-time. This technique offers the opportunity to measure concurrently the optoelectronic and mechanical response of the device at the nanoscale. Furthermore, time-dependent atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to spatially map voltage-induced oscillation of various sizes of piezoelectric membranes without the photodiode to investigate their position- and size-dependent displacement.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor.","authors":"Kayhan Dağıdır, Kemal Bilen","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.14.86","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.14.86","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the use of nanolubricants containing Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at different mass fractions in a refrigeration compressor was experimentally investigated. The required electrical power of the compressor was measured to determine the effect of the use of nanolubricants. Nanoparticles used in the preparation of nanolubricants were gradually added to the lubricant to determine the optimum nanoparticle mass fraction for each nanoparticle type. Thus, it was found that the compressor operated safely and efficiently with nanolubricants. Furthermore, the optimum mass fractions were determined to be 0.750% for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 0.250% for graphene, and 0.250% for CNTs for operating conditions of this study. As a result, the required electrical power of the compressor decreased by 6.26, 6.82, and 5.55% with the addition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, graphene, and CNT nanoparticles at optimum mass fractions of 0.750, 0.250, and 0.250% to the lubricant, respectively, compared to the compressor using pure oil. Moreover, density and dynamic viscosity of the nanolubricant samples used in the experiments were also measured, and their kinematic viscosity, which is an important parameter for lubricants, was calculated. It was determined that the kinematic viscosity continuously increased with increasing nanoparticle fraction. In conclusion, nanolubricants containing nanoparticles above the optimum mass fraction increase the required electrical power of the compressor. It is concluded that nanoparticle fractions should not be used above the optimum value in nanolubricant applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1041-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71520350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}