Biochar最新文献

{"title":"Towards a high-quality fertilizer based on algae residues treated via hydrothermal carbonization. Trends on how process parameters influence inorganics","authors":"Daniela Moloeznik Paniagua, Lina Maja Marie Krenz, Judy A. Libra, Nathalie Korf, Vera Susanne Rotter","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00357-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00357-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of beach-cast macroalgae as a fertilizer (F) or soil amendment (SA) is coming back into focus, due to its highly efficient transformation of CO₂, nutrients, salts and minerals from its aqueous surroundings into biomass. This research studied the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> macroalgae to hydrochar and evaluated its feasibility for use in soil applications. <i>F. vesiculosus</i> was submitted to HTC following a full factorial design of experiments with three HTC process parameters varied to assess their impact on the hydrochars: temperature (<i>T</i>: 160, 190, 220 °C), solid content (<i>%So</i>: 20, 35%), and process water recirculation (<i>PWrec</i>: yes and no). In general, <i>F. vesiculosus</i> and its hydrochars were rich in nutrients, but also contained regulated heavy metals. Investigation of the partitioning behavior of inorganic elements between the hydrochars and process water showed that heavy metals like Cr, Pb, Co and Cu tended to accumulate in the hydrochar, unaffected by HTC conditions. Nutrients such as P, N, B, and Mn were primarily found in the hydrochar and could be partially influenced to transfer to process water by changing <i>%So</i> and <i>T</i>. The correlation between the mass fractions of 22 elements in the hydrochar and HTC process parameters was studied. <i>T</i> was the most influential parameter, showing a significant positive correlation for eleven elements. <i>%So</i> and <i>PWrec</i> showed inconsistent effects on different elements. When process water was recirculated, some elements decreased (Ca, Cd, Fe) while others increased (K, Na, B, N) in the hydrochar. Assessment against various regulations and standards for F and SA revealed that <i>F. vesiculosus</i> complied with Cd limit values for most rules including the EURF and B, and was regulated only in the RAL for SA, over the limit value. In contrast, the limit value of Cd for both F and SA applications was surpassed in the 13 hydrochars. The contents of N, P, K, S, and Na in the feedstock and hydrochars complied with European F and SA rules, while they were too high for German rules on SA. The other limits for F rules were achieved (under certain HTC process parameters) except for P (lower than the requirements in F for <i>F. vesiculosus</i> and its hydrochars).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative responses of two maize genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance to biochar application","authors":"Renjie Ruan, Hans Lambers, Yaosheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00359-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00359-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of biochar application on plant performance under drought stress necessitates a comprehensive understanding of biochar–soil interaction, root growth, and plant physiological processes. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted to assess the effects of biochar on plant responses to drought stress at the seedling stage. Two contrasting maize genotypes (drought-sensitive KN5585 vs. -tolerant Mo17) were subjected to biochar application under drought stress conditions. The results indicated that biochar application decreased soil exchangeable Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ contents while increased soil exchangeable K⁺ content (2.7-fold) and electrical conductivity (4.0-fold), resulting in an elevated leaf sap K⁺ concentration in both maize genotypes. The elevated K⁺ concentration with biochar application increased root apoplastic pH in the drought-sensitive KN5585, but not in the drought-tolerant Mo17, which stimulated the activation of H⁺-ATPase and H⁺ efflux in KN5585 roots. Apoplast alkalinization of the drought-sensitive KN5585 resulting from biochar application further inhibited root growth by 30.7%, contributing to an improvement in water potential, a reduction in levels of O₂^–, H₂O₂, T-AOC, SOD, and POD, as well as the down-regulation of genes associated with drought resistance in KN5585 roots. In contrast, biochar application increased leaf sap osmolality and provided osmotic protection for the drought-tolerant Mo17, which was associated with trehalose accumulation in Mo17 roots. Biochar application improved sucrose utilization and circadian rhythm of Mo17 roots, and increased fresh weight under drought stress. This study suggests that biochar application has the potential to enhance plant drought tolerance, which is achieved through the inhibition of root growth in sensitive plants and the enhancement of osmotic protection in tolerant plants, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141520756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algal-biochar and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae: a sustainable approach for textile wastewater treatment and biodiesel production","authors":"Rabia Rehman, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman, Shanawar Hamid, Yuze Wang, Kashif Rasool, Tahir Fazal","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00358-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00358-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microalgae technology is a viable solution for environmental conservation (carbon capture and wastewater treatment) and energy production. However, the nutrient cost, slow-kinetics, and low biosorption capacity of microalgae hindered its application. To overcome them, algal-biochar (BC) can be integrated with microalgae to treat textile wastewater (TWW) due to its low cost, its ability to rapidly adsorb pollutants, and its ability to serve as a nutrient source for microalgal-growth to capture CO₂ and biodiesel production. <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (CV) and algal-BC were combined in this work to assess microalgal growth, carbon capture, TWW bioremediation, and biodiesel production. Results showed the highest optical density (3.70 ± 0.07 OD₆₈₀), biomass productivity (42.31 ± 0.50 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹), and dry weight biomass production (255.11 ± 6.01 mg L⁻¹) in an integrated system of CV-BC-TWW by capturing atmospheric CO₂ (77.57 ± 2.52 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹). More than 99% bioremediation (removal of MB-pollutant, COD, nitrates, and phosphates) of TWW was achieved in CV-BC-TWW system due to biosorption and biodegradation processes. The addition of algal-BC and CV microalgae to TWW not only enhanced the algal growth but also increased the bioremediation of TWW and biodiesel content. The highest fatty acid methylesters (biodiesel) were also produced, up to 76.79 ± 2.01 mg g⁻¹ from CV-BC-TWW cultivated-biomass. Biodiesel’s oxidative stability and low-temperature characteristics are enhanced by the presence of palmitoleic (C16:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids. Hence, this study revealed that the integration of algal-biochar, as a biosorbent and source of nutrients, with living-microalgae offers an efficient, economical, and sustainable approach for microalgae growth, CO₂ fixation, TWW treatment, and biodiesel production.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the optical properties of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter and their interactions with copper (II)","authors":"Licheng Ji, Zhongpu Yu, Qi Cao, Xiangyang Gui, Xingjun Fan, Chengcheng Wei, Fei Jiang, Jie Wang, Fanbin Meng, Feiyue Li, Jianfei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00353-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00353-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been regarded as a promising technique for turning wet biomass into hydrochar due to its low energy consumption, low exhaust gas emissions, etc. In addition, hydrochar is an important source of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which plays a crucial part in the migration and destiny of pollutants in the environmental medium. However, there are limited studies that focus on the factors that influence the formation of DOM in hydrochar, such as hydrothermal temperature. Therefore, the current study comprehensively characterized the optical properties of DOM within hydrochar derived from sawdust (HDOM) under different hydrothermal temperatures (150–300 °C) by Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as its complexation characteristic with Cu(II). The findings revealed that the organic carbon content of HDOM reached a peak of 37.3 mg L⁻¹ when the temperature rose to 240 °C and then decreased as the temperature increased. UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the absorption capacity of HDOM at 275 nm increases with temperature and reaches a maximum value at 240 °C, indicating that high temperature promotes the formation of monocyclic aromatic compounds. High temperature enhances the aromaticity, hydrophobicity, and humification degree of HDOM, thus improving its stability and aromaticity. The E3/E4 ratios are all greater than 3.5, confirming that the main component of HDOM is fulvic acid, which corresponds to 3D-EEM and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. The humification index (HIX) of HDOM increased with the rise in hydrothermal temperature (150–240 °C), as observed by the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (3D-EEMs). After reaching its peak at 240 °C, the HIX value gradually dropped in line with the trend of the DOC change. Moreover, the bioavailability (BIX) value of DOM was all high and greater than 1, indicating all the HDOM are readily bioavailable. Two microbial humic substances (C1 and C4), a humic-like substance (C2), and a protein-like substance (C3) were discovered in DOM by integrating 3D-EEMs with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Their fluorescence intensity decreases as the Cu(II) concentration increases, indicating the formation of complexes with Cu(II). As the temperature rises, the binding ability of DOM and Cu(II) changes significantly, reaching the optimum at 300 °C. Meanwhile, the substance C2 has the strongest binding ability with Cu(II). This research emphasizes the significance of spectroscopy analysis in determining the evolution of hydrochar-derived DOM, the potential for heavy metal binding and migration, and its characteristics and features.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring magnetic nanomaterials with a focus on magnetic biochar in anaerobic digestion: from synthesis to application","authors":"Wenneng Zhou, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Yajing Wang, Yadong Yang, Jonathan T. E. Lee, Eldon R. Rene, Xiangzhou Yuan, Junting Pan","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00354-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00354-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anaerobic digestion technology, effective for sustainable waste management and renewable energy, but challenged by slow reaction rates and low biogas yields, could benefit from advancements in magnetic nanomaterials. This review explores the potential of magnetic nanomaterials, particularly magnetic biochar nanocomposites, to address these challenges by serving as electron conduits and providing essential iron. This review contributes a thorough overview of the application of magnetic nanoparticles loaded into biochar in anaerobic digestion and engages in a comprehensive discussion regarding the synthesis methods and characterization of various magnetic nanoparticles, elucidating their mechanisms of action in both the absence and presence of magnetic fields. Our review underscores the predominance of co-precipitation (53%) and commercially sourced nanoparticles (29%) as the main synthesis methods, with chemical reduction, pyrolysis, and green synthesis pathways less commonly utilized (8%, 5%, and 5%, respectively). Notably, pyrolysis is predominantly employed for synthesizing magnetic biochar nanocomposites, reflecting its prevalence in 100% of cases for this specific application. By offering a critical evaluation of the current state of knowledge and discussing the challenges and future directions for research in this field, this review can help researchers and practitioners better understand the potential of magnetic biochar nanocomposites for enhancing anaerobic digestion performance and ultimately advancing sustainable waste management and renewable energy production.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and modifications of biochar to engineered materials and its application for environmental sustainability: a review","authors":"Gokulan Ravindiran, Sivarethinamohan Rajamanickam, Gorti Janardhan, Gasim Hayder, Avinash Alagumalai, Omid Mahian, Su Shiung Lam, Christian Sonne","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00350-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00350-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass waste through thermal conversion, holds great environmental promise. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the various feedstocks used in biochar production, the different types of thermal degradation processes, biochar characterization, properties, modifications to engineered materials, and their applications in the environment. The quality of biochar, including surface area, pore size and volume, and functional group formation, is significantly influenced by the specific conditions under which thermal conversion takes place. Each of the diverse processes employed to produce biochar yields a distinct set of properties in the final product. In recent years, biochar has gained widespread recognition and utilization in diverse fields such as wastewater treatment, carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, biogas production, catalysis in biofuel industries, construction, and soil enhancement. In summary, biochar is a promising environmental mitigation tool to achieve a sustainable environment. In addition to its benefits, the application of biochar presents several challenges, including the selection of feedstocks, methods of biochar production, modifications to biochar, the properties of biochar, and the specific applications of biochar. The current review summarizes factors that could lead to significant advancements in future applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced passivation of thallium, vanadium and arsenic in contaminated soils: critical role of Fe–Mn-biochar","authors":"Pengyuan Deng, Wenhuan Yuan, Jin Wang, Liangzhong Li, Yuchen Zhou, Jingzi Beiyuan, Haofan Xu, Shunlong Jiang, Zicong Tan, Yurong Gao, Diyun Chen, Juan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00344-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00344-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thallium (Tl), vanadium (V) and arsenic (As) are considered as typical toxic elements of increased interest. Their accumulation in soils can pose a substantial health threat to human beings. In this study, Fe–Mn modified biochar (FMBC) was chemically constructed to immobilize Tl, V and As in contaminated soils. The results showed that compared with pristine biochar (BC), FMBC can achieve significantly higher passivation effects for the studied contaminated soils, which reduced the bioavailable Tl, V and As contents by 83.9%, 71.09% and 71.92%, respectively. The passivation of Tl, As, and V via FMBC application was partially attributed to a notable increase in pH, which enhances the availability of adsorptive sites. Further, the newly formed minerals, including cancrinite, gibbsite and Fe–Mn (hydr)oxides, serve as additional adsorbents, substantially reducing the mobility of Tl, V and As. Additionally, the oxidation of Tl(I) to Tl(III) by the Fe–Mn (hydr)oxide of FMBC significantly enhanced Tl immobilization, consequently diminishing its bioavailability. The findings suggest that significant environmental threats could be alleviated through the potential application of FMBC in treating Tl-As-V dominated contamination in soils, providing a new perspective for the sustainable utilization of industrially polluted soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-efficiency remediation of Hg and Cd co-contaminated paddy soils by Fe–Mn oxide modified biochar and its microbial community responses","authors":"Tong Sun, Ge Gao, Wenhao Yang, Yuebing Sun, Qingqing Huang, Lin Wang, Xuefeng Liang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00346-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00346-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fe–Mn oxide modified biochar (FMBC) was produced to explore its potential for remediation of Hg–Cd contaminated paddy soils. The results showed that the application of FMBC decreased the contents of bioavailable Hg and Cd by 41.49–81.85% and 19.47–33.02% in contrast to CK, while the amount of labile organic carbon (C) fractions and C-pool management index (CPMI) was increased under BC and FMBC treated soils, indicating the enhancement of soil C storage and nutrient cycling function. Dry weight of different parts of <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. was enhanced after the addition of BC and FMBC, and the contents of Fe and Mn in root iron–manganese plaques (IMP) were 1.46–2.06 and 6.72–19.35 times higher than those of the control groups. Hg and Cd contents in brown rice under the FMBC treatments were significantly reduced by 18.32–71.16% and 59.52–72.11% compared with the control. FMBC addition altered the composition and metabolism function of soil bacterial communities, especially increasing the abundance of keystone phyla, including <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.</i> Partial least squares path modelling (PLSPM) revealed that the contents of Na₂S₂O₃–Hg, DTPA–Cd and IMP were the key indicators affecting Hg and Cd accumulation in rice grains. These results demonstrate the simultaneous value of FMBC in remediation of Hg and Cd combined pollution and restoring soil fertility and biological productivity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mikania micrantha Kunth and its derived biochar impacts on heavy metal bioavailability and siderophore-related genes during chicken manure composting","authors":"Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah, Hong-Yu Chen, Shi-Wen Deng, Wan-Ting Li, Rong-Jie Ren, Xi Yang, Muhammad Shoaib Rana, Shan-Shan Sun, Jia-Jie Liu, Rui-Long Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00347-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00347-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar can potentially reduce heavy metals (HMs) mobility and bioavailability during composting. However, siderophores secreted by functional microbes might lead to the re-mobilization of metals like Cu and Zn. Therefore, this study intended to explore the impacts of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> Kunth (MM) and MM-derived biochar (MMB) in the reduction of Cu and Zn bioavailability, and siderophore-related gene abundances during composting. Compared with MM and corn straw (CS) composts, a significant decline was noticed in the extractable and reducible Cu [(2.3 mg kg⁻¹ + 12.1 mg kg⁻¹), and (3.3 mg kg⁻¹ + 14.6 mg kg⁻¹)], and Zn [(103.1 mg kg⁻¹ + 110.1 mg kg⁻¹), and (109.6 mg kg⁻¹ + 117.2 mg kg⁻¹)] in MMB and corn straw biochar (CSB) composts, respectively. Besides, the lowest relative abundance of HMs-resistant bacteria particularly <i>Corynebacterium</i> (0.40%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> (0.46%), and <i>Enterobacter</i> (0.47%), was noted in MMB compost. Also, a significant increase in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis abundance (5.77%) accompanied by a reduction in the abundance of clusters related to siderophore transport, and siderophore transmembrane transporter activity was detected in MMB compost. Multivariate analysis labeled temperature, moisture content, total organic carbon, <i>Corynebacterium</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i> as the primary factors significantly correlated with the Cu and Zn bioavailability (− 0.90 ≤ r ≤ 0.90, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The structural equation model revealed that physicochemical parameters, microbial abundance, and siderophores exert a substantial influence on Cu and Zn bioavailability. Accordingly, MM and its derived biochar are recommended as an effective approach for accelerating Cu and Zn bioavailability reduction and managing the growth and distribution of invasive plants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing the value of liquid products and minimizing carbon loss in hydrothermal processing of biomass: an evolution from carbonization to humification","authors":"Nader Marzban, Judy A. Libra, Vera Susanne Rotter, Christiane Herrmann, Kyoung S. Ro, Svitlana Filonenko, Thomas Hoffmann, Markus Antonietti","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00334-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00334-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) converts wet biomass into hydrochar and a process liquid, but aromatic compounds in the products have been reported as a roadblock for soil applications as they can inhibit germination, plant growth, and soil microbial activity. Here, we compared HTC and hydrothermal humification (HTH) of cow manure digestate while varying the initial alkaline content by adding KOH. HTH converted 37.5 wt% of the feedstock to artificial humic acids (A-HAs) found in both solid and liquid, twice that of HTC. HTH reduced phenolic and furanic aromatic compounds by over 70% in solids and 90% in liquids. The A-HAs in HTH resemble natural humic acids (N-HA), based on FTIR, UV–vis spectra, and CHN and XRD analysis. The HTH liquid possesses 60% higher total organic carbon (TOC) than HTC. Although one-third of TOC can be precipitated as A-HA, a high TOC concentration remains in the liquid, which is shown to be mainly organic acids. Therefore, we also evaluated the HTC and HTH liquids for anaerobic biomethane production, and found that compared to the original cow manure digestate, the HTH liquids increased methane yield by 110.3 to 158.6%, a significant enhancement relative to the 17.2% increase seen with HTC liquid. The strong reduction in organic acids during biogas production from HTH liquid indicates the potential for converting soluble byproducts into methane, while maintaining high A-HAs levels in the solid product.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}